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Articles 1 - 30 of 55
Full-Text Articles in Law
The Angel Wears Prada, The Devil Buys It On The Realreal: Expanding Trademark Rights Beyond The First Sale Doctrine, Junajoy Vinoya Frianeza
The Angel Wears Prada, The Devil Buys It On The Realreal: Expanding Trademark Rights Beyond The First Sale Doctrine, Junajoy Vinoya Frianeza
Pepperdine Law Review
Luxury brands derive their goodwill from the high-class exclusivity and first-rate quality signified in their trademarks. The Trademark Act of 1946, commonly known as the Lanham Act, grants trademark holders the right to control use of their mark. However, under common law, the first sale doctrine restricts trademark protection after holders authorize the initial sale of their trademarked product. Such limitation particularly jeopardizes the luxury industry as trademark holders ultimately bear the loss of goodwill when counterfeit luxury goods enter the market due to the negligence of resellers. This Comment illustrates how blockchain authentication offers all luxury industry participants—the brands, …
Give Or Take—Is The Droit De Suite A Taking Without Just Compensation?, Jeremy Cohen
Give Or Take—Is The Droit De Suite A Taking Without Just Compensation?, Jeremy Cohen
Pepperdine Law Review
The Constitution mandates Congress to protect the arts and sciences directly by creating an exclusive right called copyright. However, visual artists such as painters, sculptors, and photographers in the United States still cannot participate in the significant profits from the secondary sales of their copyrighted works at public and private auctions. In over eighty countries worldwide, the droit de suite, also known as the Artist Resale Royalty (ARR), grants visual artists such royalties. Unfortunately, the United States currently lacks such a royalty, despite multiple unsuccessful attempts by Congress to pass federal legislation. Although California enacted its own version of the …
Know When To Hold Them, When To Fold Them, And When To Walk Away: Tiktoks Are Professional Sports Franchises' Ace In Collective Bargaining Negotiations, Angelica Varona
Know When To Hold Them, When To Fold Them, And When To Walk Away: Tiktoks Are Professional Sports Franchises' Ace In Collective Bargaining Negotiations, Angelica Varona
Pepperdine Law Review
TikTok, the social media app, has become both a central force in entertainment, creating a slew of influencers and young celebrities, as well as an important tool in all things branding and marketing. Athletes have recognized the value of social media and fan engagement and have taken to becoming content-creators on the platform. The growing presence of professional athletes on the app brings up important issues of copyrightability and ownership of the content they are producing. This Comment considers the nature of athlete content-creation on TikTok as well as the employment scheme and contractual responsibilities that form a part of …
Are Cryptopunks Copyrightable?, Brian L. Frye
Are Cryptopunks Copyrightable?, Brian L. Frye
Pepperdine Law Review
Larva Labs’ CryptoPunks NFTs are iconic. Created in 2017, they were among the first NFTs on the Ethereum blockchain. Four years later, they are among the most valuable, selling for anywhere from $200,000 to millions of dollars. The CryptoPunks collection consists of 10,000 NFTs, each of which is associated with a unique CryptoPunks image. Everyone knows who owns each CryptoPunks NFT. The Ethereum blockchain provides indelible proof. But people disagree about who owns - and who should own - the copyright in the CryptoPunks images. Most CryptoPunks NFT owners believe they should own the copyright in the image associated with …
The Chinese Copyright Dream, Sean A. Pager, Eric Priest
The Chinese Copyright Dream, Sean A. Pager, Eric Priest
Pepperdine Law Review
Chinese President Xi Jinping’s vision of the “Chinese Dream” has captured the popular imagination. As a slogan, the Chinese Dream is intentionally broad. Intended to inspire rather than prescribe, it captures diverse aspirations including dreams of material prosperity, environmental sustainability, national rejuvenation, and global leadership. The Dream’s ramifications continue to ricochet through state policy echelons and lend themselves to competing interpretations. In that spirit, we advance a modest suggestion: that the Chinese Dream should be, at least in part, a dream about copyright law. A more effective copyright system would bolster China’s creative industries, generating a diverse supply of high-quality …
De-Gentrified Black Genius: Blockchain, Copyright, And The Disintermediation Of Creativity, Tonya M. Evans
De-Gentrified Black Genius: Blockchain, Copyright, And The Disintermediation Of Creativity, Tonya M. Evans
Pepperdine Law Review
In a 2016 acceptance speech during the Black Entertainment Television (BET) Awards, actor and activist Jesse Williams used the phrase “gentrifying our genius” to refer to the insidious process of misappropriating the cultural and artistic productions of Black creators, inventors, and innovators. In that speech, he poignantly and unapologetically condemned racial discrimination and cultural misappropriation. This Article chronicles the nefarious history of the creative disempowerment of creators of color and then imagines an empowering future for those who successfully exploit their creations by fully leveraging copyright ownership and transfer termination. To that end, I reference the considerable scholarship of Professor …
The Long And Winding Road To Effective Copyright Protection In China, Peter K. Yu
The Long And Winding Road To Effective Copyright Protection In China, Peter K. Yu
Pepperdine Law Review
In November 2020, China adopted the Third Amendment to the Copyright Law, providing a major overhaul of its copyright regime. This Amendment entered into effect on June 1, 2021. The last time the regime was completely revamped was in October 2001, when the Copyright Law was amended two months before China joined the World Trade Organization. While U.S. policymakers and industry groups have had mixed reactions to the recent Amendment, the new law presents an opportunity to take stock of the progress China has made in the copyright reform process. This Article begins by mapping the long and winding road …
Reflections On Music Copyright Justice, Peter S. Menell
Reflections On Music Copyright Justice, Peter S. Menell
Pepperdine Law Review
The digital revolution has upended many aspects of the copyright system, particularly as it relates to music. Drawing on creative, jurisprudential, technological, and social science insights, this article explores the broad range of music copyright justice concerns, ranging from file sharing to royalty distribution, copyright infringement standards, and the creation of music mashups.
Thieves In The Temple: The Scandal Of Copyright Registration And African- American Artists, Kevin J. Greene
Thieves In The Temple: The Scandal Of Copyright Registration And African- American Artists, Kevin J. Greene
Pepperdine Law Review
Copyright registration is the currency of copyright transactions in music, film, and television and is essential for pursuing infringement claims and ownership disputes. Despite copyright registration’s outsized reach across the copyright spectrum and importance to the copyright industries, the U.S. Copyright Office does not verify claims of copyright authorship or ownership. No express mechanism exists to challenge false copyright registrations in the Copyright Office, and the penalties for falsely claiming copyright authorship are paltry in comparison to the potential gains. This Article contends that lax copyright registration standards call into question the legitimacy of the registration system and that the …
Songwriters V. Spotify: Is Spotify The Problem Or A Symptom Of The Problem?, Mariana L. Orbay
Songwriters V. Spotify: Is Spotify The Problem Or A Symptom Of The Problem?, Mariana L. Orbay
Pepperdine Law Review
Today, streaming is the prevailing mode of music consumption. Yet, streaming services are struggling to turn a profit, as songwriters also face significant financial challenges in the streaming era. All the while, record labels are collecting the majority of streaming revenue and seeing record profits. The 2018 Music Modernization Act attempted to address songwriters’ and streaming services’ financial problems by altering the factors considered by the Copyright Royalty Board in determining the mechanical royalty rates owed by streaming platforms to songwriters. A proper application of this newly instated factor test necessitates considering both songwriters’ and streaming services’ business operations and …
Substantial Similarity’S Silent Death, Daryl Lim
Substantial Similarity’S Silent Death, Daryl Lim
Pepperdine Law Review
Copyright litigation involving hit songs like Robin Thicke’s “Blurred Lines,” Justin Bieber and Usher’s “Somebody to Love,” and Led Zeppelin’s “Stairway to Heaven” caused many in the music industry to vex over the line between homage and infringement. When are the two works too similar? To many courts and scholars, substantial similarity is “bizarre,” “ad hoc,” and “a virtual black hole in copyright jurisprudence.” Every creative work borrows some inspiration from other works, whether copyrighted or not. Judging when defendants appropriated too much is an inherently opaque and subjective enterprise, but unraveling its mysteries is critical for the flourishing of …
Protecting The First Amendment Rights Of Video Games From Lanham Act And Right Of Publicity Claims, Yen-Shyang Tseng
Protecting The First Amendment Rights Of Video Games From Lanham Act And Right Of Publicity Claims, Yen-Shyang Tseng
Pepperdine Law Review
In 2013 and 2015, the Ninth Circuit decided two nearly identical cases in which professional football players alleged a video game publisher used their likenesses without authorization in a game that simulates real football games. One plaintiff brought a false endorsement claim under the Lanham Act, while others brought state law right of publicity claims. That made all the difference. The Ninth Circuit found the First Amendment protected the game against the false endorsement claim, but not against the right of publicity claims. These contradictory results stem from court’s application of the Rogers v. Grimaldi test to Lanham Act claims …
Creative Destruction: Copyright's Fair Use Doctrine And The Moral Right Of Integrity, Cathay Y. N. Smith
Creative Destruction: Copyright's Fair Use Doctrine And The Moral Right Of Integrity, Cathay Y. N. Smith
Pepperdine Law Review
This Paper explores the role of copyright’s fair use doctrine as a limit on the moral right of integrity. The moral right of integrity gives an author the right to prevent any distortion, modification, or mutilation of their work that prejudices their honor or reputation. Actions that have been found to violate an author’s moral right of integrity include, for instance, altering a mural by painting clothing over nude figures, selling separated panels of a single work of art, and displaying sculptures with holiday ribbons. At the same time, copyright’s fair use doctrine allows follow-on creators to transform original works …
Placebo Marks, Jake Linford
Placebo Marks, Jake Linford
Pepperdine Law Review
Scholars often complain that sellers use trademarks to manipulate consumer perception. This manipulation ostensibly harms consumers by limiting their ability to make informed choices. For example, holding other things constant, consumers spend more money on goods with a high-performance reputation. Critics characterize that result as wasteful, if not anticompetitive. But recent marketing research shows that trademarks with a high-performance reputation may sometimes influence perception to the benefit of the consumer. A trademark with a high-performance reputation can deliver a performance-enhancing placebo effect. Research subjects perform better at physical and mental tasks when they prepare or play with a product bearing …
Star Athletica Tells The Fashion Industry To Knock-It-Off With The Knockoffs, Samantha Burdick
Star Athletica Tells The Fashion Industry To Knock-It-Off With The Knockoffs, Samantha Burdick
Pepperdine Law Review
At any given fast fashion store, there may be a near exact replica of a ‘designer’ clothing item that sells for four times less than the amount it would at a luxury retailer. Wait—isn’t that illegal? After the Supreme Court’s landmark separability test created in Star Athletica, the answer may soon be yes. Fast fashion chains make their money exploiting the historical lack of copyright protection in the fashion industry. Lamps, shoes, and clothes have long been held ineligible for copyright protection because the utilitarian features are inseparable from the artistic. In other words, the part of clothing that is …
The Right-Based View Of The Cathedral: Liability Rules And Corrective Justice, Omri Rachum-Twaig, Ohad Somech
The Right-Based View Of The Cathedral: Liability Rules And Corrective Justice, Omri Rachum-Twaig, Ohad Somech
Pepperdine Law Review
In their celebrated paper, Calabresi and Melamed offered a framework, often referred to as the ‘‘Cathedral’’ analysis, which explains when and why entitlements should be protected using two main sets of rules—property rules and liability rules. This framework is now widely used to explain some private law doctrines. However, cases that are easily explained as applications of liability rules are usually difficult to explain under the private law theory of correlative corrective justice. This is because the basic idea underlying corrective justice conflicts with the notion of rules that allow the nonconsensual property appropriation subject to compensation. In this Article, …
Louboutins And Legal Loopholes: Aesthetic Functionality And Fashion, Margot E. Parmenter
Louboutins And Legal Loopholes: Aesthetic Functionality And Fashion, Margot E. Parmenter
Pepperdine Law Review
Christian Louboutin redefined high-fashion footwear with his signature red sole. The shoes with the red soles have inspired pop music singles, museum retrospectives, and even articles in the New Yorker. Fashionistas around the world buy Louboutin’s shoes in droves, despite their prohibitory pricing. And so it came as no surprise when Louboutin took the equally famous and fashionable designer Yves Saint Laurent (YSL) to court in August of 2011 for stealing his look; after all, such a lucrative feature certainly required a level of jealous protection, and everyone who was anyone (in the world of haute couture footwear at least) …
The General Revision Of The Copyright Law - From Bare Bones To Corpulence - A Partial Overview, Andrew E. Katz
The General Revision Of The Copyright Law - From Bare Bones To Corpulence - A Partial Overview, Andrew E. Katz
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
The 1976 Copyright Revision Act And Authors' Rights: A Negative Overview, Arthur Stanley Katz
The 1976 Copyright Revision Act And Authors' Rights: A Negative Overview, Arthur Stanley Katz
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
A Legislative Proposal To End Bootlegging In The Patent System, James Van Santen
A Legislative Proposal To End Bootlegging In The Patent System, James Van Santen
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
Copyright And The Musical Arrangement: An Analysis Of The Law And Problems Pertaining To This Specialized Form Of Derivative Work, Joel L. Friedman
Copyright And The Musical Arrangement: An Analysis Of The Law And Problems Pertaining To This Specialized Form Of Derivative Work, Joel L. Friedman
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
Diamond V. Chakrabarty: Oil Eaters: Alive And Patentable, Dennis J. Walsh
Diamond V. Chakrabarty: Oil Eaters: Alive And Patentable, Dennis J. Walsh
Pepperdine Law Review
Congress is empowered, under article I, section 8 of the United States Constitution, to create patent laws that encourage the promotion of arts and sciences. In the congressional fulfillment of this task, the courts have been confused as to what products are worthy of patent protection under the patent statutes. One illustration of this confusion is the recent controversy of whether living organisms fit into the statutory patentable classification of section 101 of the 1952 Patent Act. The recent United States Supreme Court decision of Diamond v. Chakrabarty has ended this confusion by holding that living micro bacteria is patentable …
Protection Of Intellectual Property Rights In Computers And Computer Programs: Recent Developments , Alan C. Rose
Protection Of Intellectual Property Rights In Computers And Computer Programs: Recent Developments , Alan C. Rose
Pepperdine Law Review
The following article examines the protection offered to computers and computer programs, under the various applicable patent, copyright and trade secret laws. Concerning patent protection; the author discusses the history and current status of the patent laws, and analyzes in detail the landmark case of Diamond v. Diehr. Discussed also is an analysis of copyright protection for computer programs, offered by the 1980 amendments to section 117 of the 1976 Copyright Act; which paved the way for the increased protection.
Droit De Suite: Only Congress Can Grant Royalty Protection For Artists, Lynn K. Warren
Droit De Suite: Only Congress Can Grant Royalty Protection For Artists, Lynn K. Warren
Pepperdine Law Review
Congress has enacted the 1976 Copyright Act which does not grant resale royalties to fine artists. It does, however, add a strong preemption provision that was not a part of the 1909 Act. This provision emphatically preempts any state law granting a right equivalent to a right granted by the federal statute to any work which is the subject matter of copyright. In its desire to increase protection for fine artists, the State of California has enacted the first droit de suite legislation in the United States, patterned after European copyright law, which extends resale royalties to fine artists. This …
Rohauer Revisited: "Rear Window," Copyright Reversions, Renewals, Terminations, Derivative Works And Fair Use , Richard Colby
Rohauer Revisited: "Rear Window," Copyright Reversions, Renewals, Terminations, Derivative Works And Fair Use , Richard Colby
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
Copyright And The First Amendment: Freedom Or Monopoly Of Expression?, Henry S. Hoberman
Copyright And The First Amendment: Freedom Or Monopoly Of Expression?, Henry S. Hoberman
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
Sufficiently Supervised Commissioned Workers: Mythical Beasts Sculpted From Old Law, Alexander Lambrous
Sufficiently Supervised Commissioned Workers: Mythical Beasts Sculpted From Old Law, Alexander Lambrous
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
States Escape Liability For Copyright Infringement?, Michelle V. Francis
States Escape Liability For Copyright Infringement?, Michelle V. Francis
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
A Descendible Right Of Publicity: Has The Time Finally Come For A National Standard?, J. Steven Bingman
A Descendible Right Of Publicity: Has The Time Finally Come For A National Standard?, J. Steven Bingman
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
Musical Copyright Infringement: The Replacement Of Arnstein V. Porter - A More Comprehensive Use Of Expert Testimony And The Implementation Of An "Actual Audience" Test , Michelle V. Francis
Musical Copyright Infringement: The Replacement Of Arnstein V. Porter - A More Comprehensive Use Of Expert Testimony And The Implementation Of An "Actual Audience" Test , Michelle V. Francis
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.