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Articles 1 - 30 of 51
Full-Text Articles in Law
Los Olvidados: Images Of The Immigrant, Political Power Of Noncitizens, And Immigration Law And Enforcement, Kevin R. Johnson
Los Olvidados: Images Of The Immigrant, Political Power Of Noncitizens, And Immigration Law And Enforcement, Kevin R. Johnson
BYU Law Review
No abstract provided.
Haitian Centers Council, Inc. V. Mcnary: If At First You Don't Succeed..., Robert A. Weber Jr.
Haitian Centers Council, Inc. V. Mcnary: If At First You Don't Succeed..., Robert A. Weber Jr.
Mercer Law Review
At what territorial point do aliens become entitled to the protections accorded them under the Immigration and Naturalization Act ("INA")? Contrary to the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals holding in Haitian Refugee Center, Inc. v. Baker, the Second Circuit Court of Appeals in Haitian Centers Council, Inc. v. McNary held that the protections accorded aliens in Section 243(h)(1) of the INA apply to all aliens, regardless of their location within or outside the territorial jurisdiction of the United States. The Eleventh Circuit in Baker had previously determined that Section 243(h)(1) applied only to aliens found within the jurisdictional confines …
Out Of Sight, Out Of Mind: United States Immigration Law And Policy As Applied To Filipino-Amerasians, Joseph M. Ahern
Out Of Sight, Out Of Mind: United States Immigration Law And Policy As Applied To Filipino-Amerasians, Joseph M. Ahern
Washington International Law Journal
In 1982 the United States Congress passed the Amerasian Immigration Act, 8 U.S.C. section 1154(f). The 1982 Act provides preferential immigration status to children in Asia fathered by U.S. service personnel in Korea, Vietnam, Laos, Kampuchea, and Thailand. Congress passed the 1982 Act because of the poor economic and social conditions experienced by Amerasians in their homelands. The 1982 Act, however, excludes Amerasian children from the Philippines. Equity dictates that if Congress provides preferential immigration status to one group it should grant those same rights to groups who are similarly situated. Amerasians in the Philippines experience similar economic deprivation and …
Taming The Asylum Adjudication Process: An Agenda For The Twenty-First Century, Katherine L. Vaughns
Taming The Asylum Adjudication Process: An Agenda For The Twenty-First Century, Katherine L. Vaughns
San Diego Law Review
This Article addresses the process for providing asylum to immigrants in the United States. The Article argues that the statutory scheme, enacted as part of the Refugee Act of 1980, is not designed to handle the many thousands of asylum applications filed by foreign nationals who are physically present in the United States without the benefit of lawful immigration status. As a discretionary form of relief, asylum operates as a "backdoor" to regular permanent immigration status in this country. The author attempts to show that the judicial process is not well suited to resolve the remaining issues that fuel asylum …
The Consequences Of Nonappearance: Interpreting New Section 242b Of The Immigration And Nationality Act, Iris Gomez
The Consequences Of Nonappearance: Interpreting New Section 242b Of The Immigration And Nationality Act, Iris Gomez
San Diego Law Review
This Article explores Section 242B of the Immigration and Nationality Act, added by the Immigration Act of 1990. This provision stripped immigration judges of the discretion they had to determine whether a constitutionally required deportation hearing may take place in the alien's absence. The author examines three major issues of statutory interpretation that determine the extent of the hardships that this law may thrust upon aliens. These issues are: (1) the scope of the limits on the ability to rescind a deportation order made in the alien's absence, (2) the scope of the five-year disqualification provision which is triggered by …
The Haitian Refugee Crisis: A Quest For Human Rights, Thomas David Jones
The Haitian Refugee Crisis: A Quest For Human Rights, Thomas David Jones
Michigan Journal of International Law
On June 14, 1993, the Vienna Conference on Human Rights, sponsored by the United Nations, commenced its opening session mired in controversy over the validity of a universal human rights doctrine. Many Third World or developing nations contended that Western norms of justice and fairness were not applicable to their societies. Thus, the developing nations articulated a culture-bound or relativistic concept of fundamental human rights. The developing nations' particularistic position was championed by such nations as China, Iran, Cuba, and Vietnam, signatories to the Bangkok Declaration of 1993. The Bangkok Declaration provides, inter alia, that though human rights are …
United States Haitian Policy: A History Of Discrimination, Cheryl Little
United States Haitian Policy: A History Of Discrimination, Cheryl Little
NYLS Journal of Human Rights
No abstract provided.
Give Use Your Tired, Your Poor, Your Huddled Masses . . . Except When They Have Hiv: An Analysis Of Current United States Immigration Policy Regarding Hiv-Positive Aliens In Light Of Guantanamo Bay, Jason W. Konvicka
University of Richmond Law Review
On September 30, 1991, a party of military leaders overthrew the first democratically elected government in Haitian history. Although Haiti's former president, Jean Bertrand Aristide escaped to safety, many of his supporters were not so fortunate. Numerous Haitians were tortured and killed due to their political affiliation. Fearing similar persecution, thousands of Haitian nationals abandoned their belongings and fled to the high seas in an attempt to reach the United States. Soon thereafter, the United States Coast Guard began interdicting an increasing number of Haitian boats as they made their way into international waters.
The United States Government Program Of Intercepting And Forcibly Returning Haman Boat People To Haiti: Policy Implications And Prospects, Arthur C. Helton
The United States Government Program Of Intercepting And Forcibly Returning Haman Boat People To Haiti: Policy Implications And Prospects, Arthur C. Helton
NYLS Journal of Human Rights
This article discusses the policy consequences of the United States government program, in operation in various forms since 1981, to intercept at sea and forcibly return Haitian boat people to Haiti. The evolution of the return program is described and analyzed in the context of refugee policy, both internationally and in the United States. Policy implications are analyzed and recommendations are made for a reformulated policy response.
Immigration And Naturalization Service V. Elias-Zacarias: Partially Closing The Door On Political Asylum, Matthew H. Joseph
Immigration And Naturalization Service V. Elias-Zacarias: Partially Closing The Door On Political Asylum, Matthew H. Joseph
Maryland Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Brain Gets Sick, Too - The Case For Equal Insurance Coverage For Serious Mental Illness., Brian D. Shannon
The Brain Gets Sick, Too - The Case For Equal Insurance Coverage For Serious Mental Illness., Brian D. Shannon
St. Mary's Law Journal
Recent brain research has revealed that the major mental illnesses are organic diseases of the brain. Like other organs of the body, the brain can become ill. Dr. E. Fuller Torrey, a psychiatrist whose sister suffers from schizophrenia, has commented that "[t]he evidence that serious mental illnesses are diseases is now overwhelming..." Notwithstanding recent medical findings regarding the organic underpinnings of mental illnesses, private insurers generally do not provide health insurance coverage for the treatment of these brain diseases at the same coverage levels as for other physical illnesses. In fact, "[m]ost private insurers require larger co-payments and set lower …
Mexico's Accession To The Gatt: A Catalyst At Odds With The Outcome., John M. Vernon
Mexico's Accession To The Gatt: A Catalyst At Odds With The Outcome., John M. Vernon
St. Mary's Law Journal
The history behind Mexico’s accession to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) sheds light on Mexico’s progression toward improved bilateral trade relations with the United States. Mexico embarked on its modernization and reform path with its accession to the GATT in 1987. The recent initialing of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) by Canada, Mexico, and the United States is a symbolic event in the continued globalization of the world economy. The trilateral NAFTA is revolutionary because of Mexico’s participation. Part II of this article addresses Mexico’s progression toward accession to the GATT. Part III provides an …
Revisiting Standards Of Review In Civil Appeals., W. Wendell Hall
Revisiting Standards Of Review In Civil Appeals., W. Wendell Hall
St. Mary's Law Journal
Applying and defining the accurate standard of review determines how likely an appeal will be successful. While the proper standard of review may be easy to identify, applying the standard of review to a case is often problematic. The standards define the interactions between trial and appellate courts by distributing the power of review throughout the judicial branch. The standards of review also limit a court’s authority to determine an error by a trial court, and whether the error warrants reversal. The standard sets the requirements of substantive law and provides a means for appellate judges to weigh arguments. This …
Agricultural Trade Wars: A Threat To The Gatt And Global Free Trade., Thomas J. Schoenbaum
Agricultural Trade Wars: A Threat To The Gatt And Global Free Trade., Thomas J. Schoenbaum
St. Mary's Law Journal
Agriculture, today, is the center of a set of multi-dimensional international controversies and crises. International agricultural strife threatens the future of the global free-trade system. This strife soured relations between the United States and its principal allies and trading partners: Canada, the European Community (EC), and Japan. The agricultural trade controversy is at the heart of the bitter stalemate of the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) negotiations. The deadlock over farm trade called into question the very future of the GATT as an international organization. Controversies over agriculture also endanger approval of the recently …
Consent Decrees Resulting From Institutional-Reform Litigation May Be Modified Upon Showing A Significant Change In Law Or Fact And A Modification Appropriately Tailored To That Change., Christy J. Lindsay
St. Mary's Law Journal
In Rufo v. Inmates of Suffolk County Jail, the Court held that courts may modify consent decrees resulting from institutional reform litigation upon showing a significant change in law or fact and a modification appropriately tailored to that change. The case of Swift v. United States set a strict standard for modification of consent decrees, requiring movants to demonstrate extreme, unexpected hardship and oppression. However, there is a modem trend toward adopting a more flexible standard. The Court deems the “flexible test” as particularly appropriate in the case of the institutional reform consent decree because of its speculative, long-term nature. …
Employment-Based Preferences Categories: An Effort To Simplify Has Resulted In More Paperwork, Vishwa B. Bhargava
Employment-Based Preferences Categories: An Effort To Simplify Has Resulted In More Paperwork, Vishwa B. Bhargava
University of Richmond Law Review
With the passage of the Immigration Act of 19901 ("the Act"), employment-based and family-sponsored immigration underwent sweeping and dramatic reforms. By implementing new criteria for both these areas of immigration, the Act sought to realize its new policy of strengthening American competitiveness in the global economy and to reinforce its prior policy of favoring family reunification. The Act, which was signed into law by President Bush on November 29, 1990, and went into effect on October 1, 1991, "represents the culmination of a decade-long reform process that began with the Select Commission on Immigration and Refugee Policy in 1979." The …
Enactments Altering Or Reallocating Elected Officials' Powers Do Not Directly Relate To Or Affect Voting And Are Therefore Not Subject To Judicial Or Administrative Preclearance Under Section 5 Of The Voting Rights Act Of 1965., Sharon N. Humble
St. Mary's Law Journal
In Presley v. Etowah County Comm’n, the Court held enactments altering or reallocating elected officials’ powers do not directly relate to or affect voting. Therefore, not subject to judicial or administrative preclearance under Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. However, the Court’s holding in Presley, that the changes at issue must directly relate to voting, contradicts the Court’s earlier holdings that indirect or minor changes affecting voting must meet Section 5 preclearance requirements. In Presley, the Court limited the coverage of Section 5 by holding that enactments reallocating elected officials’ decision-making authority do not require judicial or …
Congressional Reform: Can Term Limitations Close The Door On Political Careerism., Julia C. Wommack
Congressional Reform: Can Term Limitations Close The Door On Political Careerism., Julia C. Wommack
St. Mary's Law Journal
Addressing Congressional woes requires reform. Entrenched incumbency is a detriment to the legislative system. Although the enactment of initiatives restricting Congressional terms limits signal voters agree, better alternatives exist. The only prerequisites found in the Constitution for serving in Congress are age, residency, and citizenship. While the twenty-second amendment proscribes the presidential office limit maximum as two terms, no such limitations exist for a congressman or congresswoman. Sitting incumbents have substantial advantages over their challengers. Incumbents success ratio exceeds 80% in Senate races and is approximately 90% for elections in the House of Representatives. Congressional term limitations attempt to eliminate …
Criminal Trespass And The Exclusionary Rule In Texas., Paul R. Stone, Henry De La Garza
Criminal Trespass And The Exclusionary Rule In Texas., Paul R. Stone, Henry De La Garza
St. Mary's Law Journal
In State v. Hobbs, the Texas Fourth Court of Appeals held a warrantless intrusion by police onto private property to obtain evidence constitutes criminal trespass under Section 30.05 of the Texas Penal Code. The resulting evidence falls within the exclusionary rule and this article considers whether this protection, which goes beyond constitutional guarantees, is necessary or desirable. The first part of this paper reviews existing federal and state constitutional protections against unreasonable searches. Next, the paper analyzes the history and purpose of criminal trespass and the exclusionary rule in Texas. Finally, the paper considers a question the court of appeals …
Summary Of The Convention Between The Government Of The United States Of America And The Government Of The United Mexican States For The Avoidance Of Double Taxation And The Prevention Of Fiscal Evasion With Respect To Taxes On Income., Raul S. Moreyra
St. Mary's Law Journal
To prevent double taxation and income tax evasion, the Mexico and United States governments signed a convention in September 1992. The convention establishes when businesses may be subject to either United States or Mexico tax liabilities. Key to the application of the convention is the concept of permanent establishment. Permanent establishment is the designation given to a business situated in Mexico that transacts operations for a United States enterprise. This designation determines which nation, the United States or Mexico, will collect taxes from the business. If the business is a permanent establishment, the Mexican government will collect taxes. The types …
The Texas Employer's Liability In Tort For Injuries To An Employee Occurring In The Course Of The Employment., David W. Robertson
The Texas Employer's Liability In Tort For Injuries To An Employee Occurring In The Course Of The Employment., David W. Robertson
St. Mary's Law Journal
The focus of this Article is tort suits by employees, or their families, based on personal injury or death occurring in the course and scope of the worker’s employment. If an injury does not occur in the course and scope of employment, the defendant’s status as employer becomes irrelevant; the lawsuit is a common-law tort action, and the defendant has all of the common-law defenses. In 1989 the Texas Legislature repealed the former workers’ compensation law and replaced it with the new Texas Workers’ Compensation Act. The new Act took effect on January 1, 1991. The essentially voluntary nature of …
The Arbitration Of Private Commercial Disputes Between Residents Of Texas And Mexico., Wayne I. Fagan, Carlos Gabuardi Arreola
The Arbitration Of Private Commercial Disputes Between Residents Of Texas And Mexico., Wayne I. Fagan, Carlos Gabuardi Arreola
St. Mary's Law Journal
This paper evaluates whether the Texas International Arbitration Act (TIAA) will be a helpful addition to the laws governing arbitration of private commercial disputes between residents of Texas and Mexico. Owing to differences among cultures, languages, and legal systems, attorneys in the United States and in Mexico are turning to binding arbitration for the resolution of international disputes. Texas enacted an International Arbitration Act in 1989 to foster expanded international trade and facilitate resolution of international commercial disputes through conciliation and arbitration. Proponents of international arbitration argue it is the method of choice for resolution of private commercial disputes due …
Foreign Investment In Mexico From The Perspective Of The Foreign Investor., Hope H. Camp Jr., Jaime Alvarez Garibary, C. Lee Cusenbary Jr.
Foreign Investment In Mexico From The Perspective Of The Foreign Investor., Hope H. Camp Jr., Jaime Alvarez Garibary, C. Lee Cusenbary Jr.
St. Mary's Law Journal
A factor contributing to the continuation of the economic revolution in Mexico has been, and will continue to be, foreign investment. The liberalized foreign-investment regulations and the positive attitude of the Foreign Investment Commission (FIC) in approving foreign investment proposals promote a more favorable environment for foreign investors. The Mexican government recently completed negotiating the NAFTA, a proposed free-trade agreement with the United States and Canada. The government is now considering what additional actions may be required to compete successfully with those other nations trying to attract scarce investment funds. Opportunities for foreign investors in Mexico are brighter than they …
The New Agrarian Law - Mexico's Way Out., Adrianna De Aguinaga
The New Agrarian Law - Mexico's Way Out., Adrianna De Aguinaga
St. Mary's Law Journal
The New Agrarian Law was passed based on a Mexican consensus demanding a better way of life for millions of farmers. Because of low agricultural productivity by the ejido—land common to all the neighbors—and the difficulties for the ejidatarios—members of the ejido—to obtain credit, an armed insurrection resulted. Mexico was forced to find a solution by trying to redistribute the agrarian lands equitably through agrarian reform. Unlike prior amendments which proved inefficient, the New Agrarian Law is applicable to companies and to ejidos. The New Agrarian Law will permit higher productivity in the Mexican agricultural sector and will increase the …
The North American Free Trade Agreemet And United States Employment., Roger W. Wallace, Max Scoular
The North American Free Trade Agreemet And United States Employment., Roger W. Wallace, Max Scoular
St. Mary's Law Journal
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) will create new opportunities for United States firms and workers while simultaneously protecting United States workers over a 15-year timeframe. The benefits of NAFTA include eliminating conditions that currently encourage or require United States firms to invest south of the border, establishing free trade in services, and eliminating non-tariff barriers which impede United States merchandise exports to Mexico. Furthermore, NAFTA would provide an improved and expanded regional trade and investment base resulting in a boost to the global competitiveness of US products. NAFTA would also increase trade liberalization with Mexico and maintain Mexico …
The Legal Dilemma Of Groundwater Under The Integrated Environmental Plan For The Mexican-United States Border Area., M. Diane Barber
The Legal Dilemma Of Groundwater Under The Integrated Environmental Plan For The Mexican-United States Border Area., M. Diane Barber
St. Mary's Law Journal
This paper will explore the dilemma of implementing an appropriate legal format to best guide proposals for resolution of groundwater contamination. It will review groundwater under the Integrated Environmental Plan for the Mexico-United States Border Area (the Plan) and examine groundwater law in Mexico and in the four border states from a historical perspective. It will consider existing agreements between the two countries and propose adoption of the Bellagio Draft Treaty as the only legally viable means of achieving long-term remedial groundwater solutions. This paper, however, will also note isolated situations may be effectively addressed by the IBWC Minute, pending …
The Great Speech Perspective., Jon Larsen Shudlick
The Great Speech Perspective., Jon Larsen Shudlick
St. Mary's Law Journal
Abstract Forthcoming.
Proof Of Attorney's Fees In Texas., Scott A. Brister
Proof Of Attorney's Fees In Texas., Scott A. Brister
St. Mary's Law Journal
In Texas, the complex and confusing rules defining proof of attorney’s fees require simplification. Texas, like many other states, follows the American Rule, meaning the plaintiff and defendant each pay their own attorney’s fees. The United States is the only common-law jurisdiction and virtually the only industrialized democracy following the American Rule. Two primary justifications support following the American Rule. First, the American Rule supports individuals seeking a judicial remedy by removing the obstacle of paying an opponent’s legal fees. Second, it reduces potential litigation, attendant time and expense that would be necessary to dispute legal fees if they were …
Framing A Texas Bill Of Rights Argument., James C. Harrington
Framing A Texas Bill Of Rights Argument., James C. Harrington
St. Mary's Law Journal
As federal courts have allowed individual rights to diminish, the Texas judiciary nurtures state constitutional jurisprudence. Texas has a unique history requiring special care in approaching the construction and presentation of arguments utilizing the Texas Constitution or Texas Bill of Rights. The state constitution evolved over six revisions resulting with the eventual ratification of the final version in 1876. A confluence of goals ultimately resulted in a document where the bill of rights appears in Article I and by specifically framing individual liberties as affirmative rights rather than restrictions of government power. Four modes of interpretation are typically employed when …