Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Publication
- Publication Type
Articles 1 - 4 of 4
Full-Text Articles in Law
Sex-Segregation, Economic Opportunity, And Roberts V. U.S. Jaycees, Elizabeth Sepper
Sex-Segregation, Economic Opportunity, And Roberts V. U.S. Jaycees, Elizabeth Sepper
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
No abstract provided.
Gender-Stereotyping Theory, Freedom Of Expression, And Identity, Carlos A. Ball
Gender-Stereotyping Theory, Freedom Of Expression, And Identity, Carlos A. Ball
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
This Article argues that the expressive components of gender-stereotyping theory serve to delink the equality protections afforded by that theory from fixed and predetermined identity categories in helpful and positive ways. Many have viewed American antidiscrimination law as being normatively grounded in the notion that there are certain identities that, because of their stable and immutable characteristics, deserve equality-based protections. Gender-stereotyping theory can help make the normative case for a more pluralistic understanding of equality, one that is grounded in the need to protect the fluid and multiple ways in which gender is performed or expressed rather than focusing, as …
Restroom Use, Civil Rights, And Free Speech "Opportunism", Timothy Zick
Restroom Use, Civil Rights, And Free Speech "Opportunism", Timothy Zick
Faculty Publications
Commentators have expressed concerns that litigants are invoking the First Amendment's Free Speech Clause strategically, in order to compensate for the weakness or futility of other constitutional claims. The phenomenon has been given a label- "opportunism "-and scholars have examined some of its causes and consequences. This Article takes a closer and somewhat skeptical look at the concept offree speech "opportunism." It imagines that the Free Speech Clause will be invoked in challenges to laws or policies that restrict public restroom use based on a person's gender. Would such challenges be "opportunistic, " as the term has been defined? What …
When Freedom Is Not Free: Investigating The First Amendment's Potential For Providing Protection Against Sexual Profiling In The Public Workplace, Michele Alexandre
When Freedom Is Not Free: Investigating The First Amendment's Potential For Providing Protection Against Sexual Profiling In The Public Workplace, Michele Alexandre
William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice
This article explores the ways in which bodily expression can constitute symbolic speech that courts should protect pursuant to the First Amendment of the Constitution. In a previous article, I referred to this type of bodily speech as "body protest."' Body protest can refer to actions that individuals undertake to assert their autonomy, identity, and freedom from societal restrictions. For women, body protest may be used "to challenge gender restrictions and to activate women-centric legal reforms."2 For example, women may express body protest through dance, dress, or performance arts. These individuals are often sexually profiled because of how they use …