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Articles 1 - 9 of 9
Full-Text Articles in Law
The Crazy Quilt Of Laws: Bringing Uniformity To Surrogacy Laws In The United States, Makenzie B. Russo
The Crazy Quilt Of Laws: Bringing Uniformity To Surrogacy Laws In The United States, Makenzie B. Russo
Senior Theses and Projects
Modern technology and innovative procedures have opened the possibility of parenthood to a variety of people who can’t have children of their own—single people, people with medical issues or infertility problems, same-sex couples and other nontraditional families. The demand has spawned a proliferation of new businesses, including fertility clinics, surrogacy agencies, and online brokers specializing in matching Indian- or Ukrainian-based surrogates for prospective parents who have been confronted with surrogacy in the U.S. being either unaffordable or illegal in their home state. Since the 1980s, surrogacy has swept the nation and helped thousands of individuals realize their dream of raising …
Surrogacy As The Sale Of Children: Applying Lessons Learned From Adoption To The Regulation Of The Surrogacy Industry's Global Marketing Of Children, David M. Smolin
Surrogacy As The Sale Of Children: Applying Lessons Learned From Adoption To The Regulation Of The Surrogacy Industry's Global Marketing Of Children, David M. Smolin
Pepperdine Law Review
This Article argues that most surrogacy arrangements, as currently practiced, constitute the “sale of children” under international law and hence should not be legally legitimated. Therefore, maintaining the core legal norm against the sale of children requires rejecting claims that there is a right to procreate through surrogacy. Since a fundamental purpose of law in the modern era of human rights is to protect the inherent dignity of the human person, a claimed legal right that is built upon the sale of human beings must be rejected. This Article refutes common arguments claiming that commercial surrogacy does not constitute the …
The Political Economy And Legal Regulation Of Transnational Commercial Surrogate, Cyra Akila Choudhury
The Political Economy And Legal Regulation Of Transnational Commercial Surrogate, Cyra Akila Choudhury
Cyra A. Choudhury
This Article breaks new ground by closely reading the emerging ethnographic accounts of surrogacy to establish that current feminist frames are incomplete. It incorporates the political economy of surrogacy, the economic relationship of surrogacy to the Indian state, and the political economy of surrogates’ families, which have all been missing from the current dialogue. The Article concludes that the benefits of surrogate labor outweigh its disadvantages and develops a new framework — of surrogacy as labor — that will, for the first time, protect the surrogate as worker.Surrogacy, as a fairly open regulatory field, provides feminists with a unique opportunity …
Bridging The Gap Between Intent And Status: A New Framework For Modern Parentage, Yehezkel Margalit
Bridging The Gap Between Intent And Status: A New Framework For Modern Parentage, Yehezkel Margalit
Hezi Margalit
The last few decades have witnessed dramatic changes in the conceptualization and methodologies of determining legal parentage in the U.S. and other countries in the western world. Through various sociological shifts, growing social openness and bio-medical innovations, the traditional definitions of family and parenthood have been dramatically transformed. This transformation has led to an acute and urgent need for legal and social frameworks to regulate the process of determining legal parentage. Moreover, instead of progressing in a piecemeal, ad-hoc manner, the framework for determining legal parentage should be comprehensive. Only a comprehensive solution will address the differing needs of today’s …
From Baby M To Baby M(Anji): Regulating International Surrogacy Agreements, Yehezkel Margalit
From Baby M To Baby M(Anji): Regulating International Surrogacy Agreements, Yehezkel Margalit
Hezi Margalit
In 1985, when Kim Cotton became Britain’s first commercial surrogate mother, Europe was exposed to the issue of surrogacy for the first time on a large scale. Three years later, in 1988, the famous case of Baby M drew the attention of the American public to surrogacy as well. These two cases implicated fundamental ethical and legal issues regarding domestic surrogacy and triggered a fierce debate about motherhood, child-bearing, and the relationship between procreation, science and commerce. These two cases exemplified the debate regarding domestic surrogacy - a debate that has now been raging for decades. Contrary to the well-known …
Law And Lgbq-Parent Families, Emily Kazyak, Brandi Woodell
Law And Lgbq-Parent Families, Emily Kazyak, Brandi Woodell
Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications
This paper addresses how the law affects LGBQ-parent families. We first outline the legal landscape that LGBQ parents face in the US, underscoring that it varies drastically by state and creates inequity for families. Reviewing existing social science research, we then address how the law affects three processes for LGBQ people: desiring parenthood, becoming a parent, and experiencing parent- hood. Our review indicates that the law affects if and how LGBQ people become parents. LGBQ people consider the law as they make decisions about whether to pursue adoption, donor insemination, or surrogacy and often view the latter two pathways as …
Thailand's Ban On Commercial Surrogacy: Why Thailand Should Regulate, Not Attempt To Eradicate, Allison L. Zimmerman
Thailand's Ban On Commercial Surrogacy: Why Thailand Should Regulate, Not Attempt To Eradicate, Allison L. Zimmerman
Brooklyn Journal of International Law
International commercial surrogacy is when a person or couple from one country hires a surrogate in a different country. In recent years, this form of reproductive tourism has been a booming industry in Thailand due to the lack of meaningful regulation, relatively low cost, and unavailability in other countries. After a string of scandals involving Thai surrogacy arrangements arose, however, the Thai government enacted the Protection for Children Born Through Assisted Reproductive Technologies Act (the “ART Act”), prohibiting Thai commercial surrogacy from serving foreign clients, and only allowing Thai heterosexual couples to make use of surrogacy arrangements. As a result, …
Shared Responsibility Regulation Model For Cross-Border Reproductive Transactions, Sharon Bassan
Shared Responsibility Regulation Model For Cross-Border Reproductive Transactions, Sharon Bassan
Michigan Journal of International Law
The term “cross-border reproductive transactions” refers to the movement of tens of thousands of people, who travel from one country to purchase reproductive services from suppliers in other countries, in order to have a child.2 It is estimated that between eleven and fourteen thousand patients in Europe alone engage in this practice annually.3 Historically, the phrase ‘medical tourism’ used to refer to the travel of patients from less-affluent countries seeking better healthcare in countries with superior healthcare standards. Today, the journey is just as likely to flow in the opposite direction, as patients travel from industrialized to less affluent countries …
Parentage Without Gender, Joanna L. Grossman
Parentage Without Gender, Joanna L. Grossman
Faculty Journal Articles and Book Chapters
Dramatic changes in the family form over the last several decades have put increasing pressure on the parent-child relationship. This elevation of the parent-child relationship in law and policy means that parents have both greater rights and more onerous obligations than in a system that spreads responsibility for children more broadly. The question of what constitutes a legal parent-child relationship under American law has become increasingly important because of its primacy in the determination of rights and obligations, but also increasingly complex because of reproductive technology and changing patterns of childbearing. The complexity and lack of cohesion that characterizes modern …