Law Commons^™

Contracts And Electronic Agents, Sabrina Kis

LLM Theses and Essays

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the formation of contracts concluded by electronic agents both in the European Union and the United States. Technology is in constant evolution and the possibilities offered by electronic agents today are far from the ones that could be developed tomorrow. Thus, law faces a permanent challenge to adapt itself to these changes. This paper aims to show that the existing principles do not provide an appropriate legal frame for this new type of contract. In addition, since legislatures have attempted to regulate this new way of doing business, this thesis analyzes the …

The Common Core Of European Private Law: The Project And Its Books, David J. Gerber

All Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Corporate Social Responsibility And Sustainable Development: The European Union Initiative As A Case Study, Kristina K. Herrmann

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

No abstract provided.

Individual Religious Freedom And National Security In Europe After September 11, Silvio Ferrari

BYU Law Review

No abstract provided.

Unilateral Refusals To Deal In Intellectual Property As Monopolistic Conduct, Bolanle Meshida

LLM Theses and Essays

Much has been written about the antitrust intellectual property conflict. The former promotes competition by prohibiting monopolies that harm competition, while the latter promotes competition by granting monopolies. This paper focuses on refusals to deal in intellectual property rights as violation of antitrust law. The paper explores refusals to deal as monopolistic conduct in antitrust law and relates this with refusals to deal in intellectual property rights. The paper concludes with an analysis of the success rate of antitrust scrutiny of intellectual property rights.

Unipolar Disorder: A European Perspective On U.S. Security Strategy, Diane Marie Amann

Scholarly Works

Much has been said about the National Security Strategy that U.S. President George W. Bush released one year after the terrorist assaults of September 11, 2001. The Strategy's declaration that the United States would strike first to prevent attack even before an enemy possessed the capability to attack-a point in time much earlier than when tradition would have condoned an act of anticipatory self-defense-provoked considerable comment. Debate within America encompassed multiple points of view; nonetheless, and perhaps not surprisingly, much of the debate reflected an American perspective. This essay, in contrast, considers the Strategy from a European perspective, one that …

The European Commission’S Report On Company Income Taxation: What The Eu Can Learn From The Experience Of The Us States, Walter Hellerstein

Scholarly Works

The European Union Commission has proposed using consolidated base taxation and formulary apportionment to tax the EU-source income of multinational companies. This paper examines US state experience with a similar approach. Despite some positive lessons, especially the need to consolidate income of affiliated companies, lessons are mostly negative, especially regarding the choice of apportionment formula, the use of economic criteria to define the group whose income is to be consolidated, and complexity caused by lack of uniformity. US experience says nothing about using value added to apportion income—an approach that is conceptually attractive, but subject to transfer pricing problems.

Wto And Gmos: Analyzing The European Community's Recent Regulations Covering The Labeling Of Genetically Modified Organisms, Brian Schwartz

Michigan Journal of International Law

This Note explores the compatibility of the EC's GMO regulations within the framework of the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures ("SPS Agreement"), the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade ("TBT Agreement"), and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 ("GATT 1994" or "GAT"), all integral parts of the WTO Agreement. Part II presents arguments for or against the use of GM-products. Part III explores the concept of ecolabeling by analyzing the general goals of such programs, including the economic theory behind green consumerism and the characteristics necessary for effective schemes. Part IV describes the core …

The Innovative German Approach To Consumer Debt Relief: Revolutionary Changes In German Law, And Surprising Lessons For The United States, 24 Nw. J. Int'l L. & Bus. 257 (2004), Jason Kilborn

UIC Law Open Access Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Lessons For The Hague: Internet Jurisdiction In Contract And Tort Cases In The European Community And The United States, 23 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 1 (2004), Moritz Keller

UIC John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law

With the increasing use of the Internet, all on-line users, web site owners, e-commerce companies and consumers alike, feel the need to be able to rely on clear standards for a potential contract or tort lawsuit following the Internet presence that could lead to multinational litigation. This goal could be achieved if the negotiations of the Hague Convention on international jurisdiction and enforcement of foreign judgments in civil and commercial matters succeed in harmonizing the rules of the different legal systems around the globe, or at least create a minimum standard for legal cases which would benefit greatly e-commerce and …

Return To Europe? The Czech Republic And The Eu's Influence On Its Treatment Of Roma, Matthew D. Marden

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

The Czech Republic has faced much criticism in the past fifteen years for the treatment of its Romani minority community. The European Union has successfully applied informal, non-legal means of pressuring the Czech Republic into making some changes necessary to improve living conditions for Roma. With the Czech Republic's recent accession to the European Union, legal human rights institutions will likely play a larger role in ensuring that the Czech Republic continues to improve conditions for Czech Roma. The Author uses a case brought by a group of Roma at the European Court of Human Rights to demonstrate the potential …

Pari Passu And A Distressed Sovereign's Rational Choices, William W. Bratton

All Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

"…Und Die Tiere" Constitutional Protection For Germany's Animals, Kate M. Nattrass

Animal Law Review

In the summer of 2002, Germany welcomed animals into the folds of constitutional protection. With the addition of the words “and the animals,” Germany became the first country in the European Union, and the second on the European continent, to guarantee the highest level of federal legal protection to its nonhuman animals.

How The New European Union Constitution Will Allocate Power Between The Eu And Its Member States--A Textual Analysis, Stephen C. Sieberson

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

The new European Union Constitution, if ratified by the EU's Member States, will replace the existing EC Treaty and Treaty on European Union. The Author analyzes the text of the Constitution to determine how it balances the functions and powers of the EU institutions with the role of the Member State governments within the EU system. Topic areas include the characteristics of the EU, the Union's values and objectives, and the substantive areas of EU activity. In each area the Constitution reveals a determined effort by its drafters to emphasize the corresponding characteristics, values, and powers of the Member States. …

Book Review. Cases, Materials And Texts On Unjustified Enrichment, Ralph F. Gaebler

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

The New Codex Alimentarius Commission Standards For Food Created With Modern Biotechnology: Implications For The Ec Gmo Framework's Compliance With The Sps Agreement, Aaron A. Ostrovsky

Michigan Journal of International Law

This Note makes two assertions. First, despite the fact that the Codex guidelines do not specifically invoke the Precautionary Principle in name, it can indeed be read into the guidelines in the amount of deference given to states in how they assess risk. This in turn means that the E.C.'s Deliberate Release Directive should be enjoy a presumption of compliance with both the SPS Agreement and the GATT. The second assertion is that even if the adjudicating body of the WTO finds that the Deliberate Release Directive, in relying on the Precautionary Principle, prescribes a higher level of protection than …

Judicial Dialogue For Legal Multiculturalism, Charles H. Koch Jr.

Michigan Journal of International Law

This Article asserts that judicial exchange rather than dominance has inherent advantages as a technique for evolving a global legal culture. For insight into the global task, the Article looks first at an internecine struggle within the continental system. For further background, it describes how the U.S. Supreme Court has accommodated deviations from the basic legal model in U.S. administrative law as well as other internal U.S. legal systems. The supranational tribunals in the European setting and U.S. Supreme Court have shown the capacity to engage in dialogues over diverse legal philosophies. These experiences demonstrate the advantages of a mix …

Russia's 'Dictatorship Of Law' And The European Court Of Human Rights, Jeffrey D. Kahn

Faculty Journal Articles and Book Chapters

This article is an adaptation of a lecture given at St. Antony's College, Oxford on 5 July 2003 in honor of the fiftieth anniversary of the Centre for Russian and East European Studies at Oxford University. The author evaluates the effect of the European Convention on Human Rights on Russian law and politics. Russia has been a signatory to the Convention for five years. The author argues that the full power of the Convention as a force for reform in Russia was unanticipated at the time of Russia's accession. Nevertheless, the Convention has been the catalyst for substantial reforms, especially …

Global Antitrust Enforcement: The Sherman Act Does Not Apply Without Any Direct Domestic Effect, But Discovery Assistance May Be Available To Aid A Foreign Tribunal, According To The U.S. Supreme Court, 38 J. Marshall L. Rev. 495 (2004), Sue Ann Mota

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

Facing The Challenge: Corruption State Capture And The Role Of Multinational Business, 37 J. Marshall L. Rev. 1181 (2004), Nikolay A. Ouzounov

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

Law, Justice, And Power: Between Reason And Will (Stanford University Press), Sinkwan Cheng

Sinkwan Cheng

This is an unprecedented volume that brings together J. Hillis Miller, Julia Kristeva, Slavoj Zizek, Ernesto Laclau, Alain Badiou, Nancy Fraser, and other prominent intellectuals from five countries in seven disciplines to provide fresh perspectives on the new configurations of law, justice, and power in the global age. The work engages and challenges past and present scholarship on current topics in legal studies: globalization, post-colonialism, multiculturalism, ethics, post-structuralism, and psychoanalysis. The book is divided into five parts. The first debates issues of (trans-)national justice and human rights in the global age, focusing on military interventions and refugee policies. Part II …

The Italian Construction Contract: A Contribution To The European Construction Law, Antonio Lordi

antonio lordi

No abstract provided.

Sul Contratto Di Deposito Del Codice Sorgente, Antonio Lordi

antonio lordi

No abstract provided.

“El Principio De Precaución En La Jurisprudencia Del Tribunal De Justicia De Las Comunidades Europeas: ¿Un Principio De Buen Gobierno?”, Luis González Vaqué

Luis González Vaqué

La jurisprudencia examinada no parece confortar las tesis de quienes se muestran favorables a una concepción maximalista del principio de precaución.

En definitiva, no puede considerarse que concluir que el citado principio se ‘limita’ a permitir a los ‘poderes públicos’ adoptar medidas preventivas proporcionadas, no discriminatorias y de carácter provisional cuando, a pesar de haberse realizado una evaluación de riesgos lo más completa posible, persisten incertidumbres sobre el alcance y naturaleza de un riesgo inaceptable, sea optar por una definición minimalista del principio de precaución. Especialmente, si se tiene en cuenta que una interpretación maximalista del mismo tiende a restarle …

El Derecho Del Consumo En La Unión Europea: La Problemática Planteada Por La Armonización Mínima En Las Normativas Comunitarias Relativas A La Protección De Los Consumidores, Luis González Vaqué

Luis González Vaqué

Debido a las limitadas competencias de la Unión Europea en materia de protección de los consumidores, el legislador comunitario se ha visto obligado a recurrir al artículo 95 CE para adoptar la mayoría de las Directivas vigentes en este ámbito.

El legislador ha justificado la elección de la citada base jurídica para las Directivas en cuestión subrayando que su finalidad primordial es asegurar el correcto funcionamiento del Mercado Interior. Paradójicamente, sin embargo, en muchas de las Directivas adoptadas en el marco de la política de protección de los consumidores se ha utilizado la técnica de la armonización mínima, mediante la …

La Sentencia 'Malagutti-Vezinhet': ¿Quién Es Responsable De La Información Facilitada Por El Sistema Comunitario De Alerta En El Ámbito De La Seguridad De Los Productos?, Luis González Vaqué

Luis González Vaqué

Non-contractual liability on the part of the Community is subject to a number of conditions: unlawfulness of the conduct alleged against the Community institutions, actual damage and the existence of a causal link between the conduct of the institution and the damage complained of. If one of those conditions is not satisfied, the entire action must be dismissed and it is not necessary to consider the other conditions.

The Community rapid alert system for food and feed introduced by Directive 92/59 on general product safety confers on the national authorities only, and not on the Commission, responsibility for establishing whether …