Law Commons^™

En El Do De La Unión Europea: Registro De Denominaciones De Origen Protegidas, Indicaciones Geográficas Protegidas, Etc., Luis González Vaqué, Cristina Vidreras Pérez

Luis González Vaqué

No abstract provided.

A Modular One-Generation Reproduction Study As A Flexible Testing System For Regulatory Safety Assessment, Richard Vogel, Troy Seidle, Horst Spielmann

Troy Seidle, PhD

The European Union’s Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals (REACH) legislation mandates testing and evaluation of approximately 30,000 existing substances within a short period of time, beginning with the most widely used “high production volume” (HPV) chemicals. REACH testing requirements for the roughly 3000 HPV chemicals specify three separate tests for reproductive toxicity: two developmental toxicity studies on different animal species (OECD Test Guideline 414) and a two-generation reproduction toxicity study (OECD TG 416). These studies are highly costly in both economic and animal welfare terms. OECD TG 416 is a fertility study intended to evaluate reproductive performance of animals …

Extending The European Debt Discussion To Broader International Governance, Odette Lienau

Odette Lienau

Although Europe is no stranger to sovereign debt troubles, the focus of international debt governance for several decades has been on the developing world. Discussions surrounding the efficacy and appropriateness of crisis mechanisms have been shaped by this political reality. But the current focus on Europe itself may generate changes in how public and private actors view international debt governance and the legitimacy of crisis mechanisms. In these remarks, I will focus on two ways in which Europe might serve as a test case for broader governance practices. First, I will discuss the ramifications of the European Union’s potential adoption …

The European Pasteurization Of French Law, Mitchel Lasser

Mitchel Lasser

In a series of stunning decisions handed down in the last few years, the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) has condemned the decisionmaking procedures traditionally used by the French Supreme Courts (i.e., the Cour de cassation and the Conseil d'Etat). This Article traces and critiques this developing “fair trial” jurisprudence, which has also resulted in the condemnation of the supreme courts of Belgium, Portugal, and the Netherlands, whose decisionmaking procedures were all patterned on the French civil law model. Finally, the Article examines the dramatic and schismatic French responses that have ensued.

This Article offers a case study at …

Jurisdictional Salvation And The Hague Treaty, Kevin M. Clermont

Kevin M. Clermont

The United States' law of territorial jurisdiction in civil cases is a mess. Many commentators, here and abroad, have said so for a long time. The United States' treatment of foreign judgments, however, stands in contrast. As a well-behaved member of the international community of nations, the United States eagerly gives appropriate respect to foreign judgments, despite sometimes getting no respect in return.

Now, ongoing negotiations at the Hague have generated a prospect for an international agreement on the reciprocal treatment of foreign judgments. The envisaged treaty would ensure mutual respect of judgments among contracting countries, but it would also …

Con El Euro, Sin El Euro... ¿O Contra El Euro?, Luis González Vaqué

Luis González Vaqué

The name 'euro' was officially adopted on 16 December 1995. The 'euro' was introduced to world financial markets as an accounting currency on 1 January 1999, replacing the former European Currency Unit (ECU) at a ratio of 1:1 (US$1.1743). Physical euro coins and banknotes entered into circulation on 1 January 2002, making it the day-to-day operating currency of its original members.

LINK: http://fliphtml5.com/zxub/sjvx/basic

The Deep Deformation Of Europe: Economic Conflict In The European Union, Elli Louka

Elli Louka

This book explains how the euro crisis has generated a conflict between creditor states and debtor states in the European Union. Europe has failed to transform into a Union. Instead it is deeply deformed by a conflict that takes place through the instrument of economic power. Those who had visualized Europe as a United States of Europe now see the European Union as just another example of the coercion in international politics.

Se Buscan Arquitectos Para Europa, Germán M. Teruel Lozano

Germán M. Teruel Lozano

No abstract provided.

Subsidiarity As A Procedural Safeguard Of Federalism, Xavier Groussot, Sanja Bogojevic

Sanja Bogojević

The subsidiarity principle is of obvious importance in a federal legal order built on conferred competences. Here, the federal order refers to a dual-levelled form of governance, that is the central and the national that operate in constitutional plurality, or, in other words, the legal order of the European Union (the Union). In such mode of organization, the key issue is establishing and enforcing mechanisms whereby the efficiency of the federal structure is ensured while avoiding excessive centralization of regulatory power. The core ethos of the subsidiarity principle is thus to deal with the division of fields of competences between …

Law, Objectives Of Government And Regimes Of Truth: Foucault’S Understanding Of Law And The Transformation Of The Law Of The Eu Internal Market, Leila Brännström

Leila Brännström

Drawing on Security, Territory, Population and The Birth of Biopolitics, this article aims, firstly, to consolidate our understanding of Foucault’s engagement with law by fleshing out his approach to law and by clarifying that he distinguishes between different kinds of law on the basis of the objectives that law serves and the regime of truth that it embodies. Secondly, using this understanding, the article proceeds to illustrate how the objectives and the regime of truth of the EU internal market law have been displaced in the last few decades. It is argued that this body of law has increasingly come …

Eu:S Handel Med Utsläppsrättigheter Och De Globala Obalanserna I Klimatskyddet, Sanja Bogojevic

Sanja Bogojević

No abstract provided.

Mechanisms To Control The Fulfillment Of The Eu Sustainability Criteria For Transport Biofuels In Directive 2009/28/Ec, Evgenia Pavlovskaia

Evgenia Pavlovskaia

To function efficiently, a framework in environmental law should contain certain mechanisms or supplementary elements that facilitate the implementation and enforcement of environmental regulations, for example such mechanisms and elements that answer for the control and supervision of the legislated requirements. Appropriately organized control mechanisms are important for a legal framework to function as it has been aimed for and to fulfill its purposes. The present article is focused on the analysis of the mechanisms chosen to control the fulfillment of the European Union (EU) sustainability criteria for transport biofuels, which have been presented in Directive 2009/28/EC. The analysis is …

Legal Analysis Of The Eu Policy For Sustainable Transport Biofuels, Evgenia Pavlovskaia

Evgenia Pavlovskaia

Warnings about limited oil resources, as well as the necessity to reduce GHG emissions and secure energy supply1 have become prioritized issues on the EU agenda. It has been suggested to partially replace traditional fossil fuels with other sources of renewable energy, for example with biofuels in the transport sector. This has been seen as a promising solution for complications connected with the extraction and supply of oil, as well as for the reduction of GHG emissions. It has also become understandable that the quality of biofuels and their production methods need to be sustainable. The material, from which biofuels …

The Eu Policy For Sustainable Transport Biofuels And Directive 2009/28/Ec From A Legal Perspective, Evgenia Pavlovskaia

Evgenia Pavlovskaia

The enforcement and implementation of separate aspects of sustainable development and environmental sustainability can be challenging and innovative due to the complexity of this task. Appropriate policy and legal approaches and tools can be needed for this purpose. In this article, the European Union (EU) experience of developing the framework for sustainable transport biofuels and special structural elements for its enforcement are highlighted and analyzed. The central legal acts in this area, including Directive 2003/30/EC, Directive 2009/30/EC and Directive 2009/28/EC are explored. Advantages and disadvantages of the EU approach to sustainable transport biofuels are discussed. Suggestions for the future development …

European Union Data Privacy Law Developments, W. Gregory Voss

W. Gregory Voss

This article explores recent developments in European Union data privacy and data protection law, through an analysis of European Union advisory guidance, independent administrative agency enforcement action, case law, and legislative reform in the areas of digital technologies, the internet, telecommunications and personal data. In the first case, Article 29 Working Party guidance on anonymization techniques – so important in the field of big data – is discussed and distinguished from pseudonymization. Next, Google privacy policy enforcement action by various EU Member State data protection agencies (inter alia, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain) is chronicled, with lessons being …

Surrogacy Leave And Eu Law: Case C 167/12, C.D. V S.T. And Case C 363/12, Z. V A Government Department, Judgements (Grand Chamber) Of 18 March 2014, Mel Cousins

Mel Cousins

Advances in reproductive technology have tended to outpace the capacity of legislators to respond to these changes, leading to difficult legal questions for the courts. Surrogacy is one particular area where advances in technology have led to many legal challenges and have highlighted the failure (in several jurisdictions) to enact appropriate legislation in response to technological developments and/or differing views about what is ‘appropriate’. Two recent cases before the European Court of Justice (CJEU) have raised the issues as to whether either EU secondary legislation (in particular the Pregnant Workers Directive 92/85/EEC and/or the Equal Treatment Directives 2006/54/EC and 2000/78/EC) …

Civis Europeus Sum? Social Assistance And The Right To Reside In Eu Law., Mel Cousins

Mel Cousins

This article examines the current status of EU law as regards making a right to social assistance dependent on having a legal right to reside in the ‘host’ member state. In particular, it looks at the recent decision by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in Brey and discusses whether this ruling helps to clarify the legal position.

Habitual Residence: Fact Or (Legal) Fiction? Case C- C 255/13, I V. Health Service Executive, Mel Cousins

Mel Cousins

The Cloning Of Animals For Farming Purposes In The Eu: From Ethics To Agri-Food Law, Luis González Vaqué

Luis González Vaqué

At the end of 2013 the European Commission adopted a “Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of The Council on the cloning of animals of the bovine, porcine, ovine, caprine and equine species kept and reproduced for farming purposes”.

"Unfair Practices In The Food Supply Chain", Luis González Vaqué

Luis González Vaqué

No abstract provided.

"¿Qué Información Hay Que Facilitar Al Consumidor Cuando Adquiere Productos Alimenticios Por Internet O Mediante Otros Sistemas De Comunicación A Distancia?", Luis González Vaqué

Luis González Vaqué

Para garantizar la información alimentaria, es necesario tener en cuenta todas las formas de suministrar alimentos a los consumidores, como la venta de alimentos mediante técnicas de comunicación a distancia. Es evidente que cualquier alimento suministrado a través de la venta a distancia debe cumplir los mismos requisitos de información que los alimentos vendidos en los comercios; por lo tanto, el art. 14 del Reglamento nº 1169/2011 establece la información alimentaria obligatoria pertinente en tales casos y que también debe estar disponible antes de realizar la compra.

La Información A Los Consumidores Sobre La Ausencia O La Presencia Reducida De Gluten En Los Alimentos: El Reglamento De Ejecución (Ue) Nº 828/2014 De La Comisión, Luis González Vaqué

Luis González Vaqué

The Commission adopted on 30 July 2014 the Implementing Regulation (EU) No 828/2014 on the requirements for the provision of information to consumers on the absence or reduced presence of gluten in food. Information on the presence of gluten in food should help people intolerant to gluten to identify and choose a varied diet when eating inside or outside the home. Wheat, rye and barley have been identified as grains that are scientifically reported to contain gluten. The gluten present in those grains can cause adverse health effects to people with coeliac disease and therefore its consumption should be avoided …

El Tjue Clarifica El Concepto De 'Carne Separada Mecánicamente': La Sentencia “Newby Foods Ltd” De 16 De Octubre De 2014, Luis González Vaqué

Luis González Vaqué

The ECJ ruled that points 1.14 and 1.15 of Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 853/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 laying down specific hygiene rules for food of animal origin must be interpreted as meaning that the product obtained by the mechanical removal of meat from fleshbearing bones after boning or from poultry carcases must be classified as ‘mechanically separated meat’ within the meaning of that point 1.14, since the process used results in a loss or modification of the muscle fibre structure which is greater than that which is strictly confined …

The Proposed Eu Consumer Product Safety Regulation And Its Potential Conflict With Food Legislation, Luis González Vaqué

Luis González Vaqué

In mid-February of 2013 the European Commission proposed a new package of legislative and non-legislativemeasures to improve consumer product safety and to strengthenmarket surveillance of products in the EU. These measures included the following: – Communication from the Commission on more product safety andbettermarket surveillance inthe Single Market for products [COM(2013) 74 final2]; – Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament...

Authorized Health Claims Pursuant To Regulation (Ec) No 1924/2006: The Difficulty Of Producer-Consumer Communication, Luis González Vaqué

Luis González Vaqué

Consumer information is one of the most important and popular tools in consumer policy and protection, and will be for the foreseeable future. It is “important” because of its role in correcting imbalances in communication (whether of a commercial nature or not) and enabling consumers to make transactional decisions based on their own preferences and needs.

La Clonación Con Fines Ganaderos De Los Animales En La Ue: De La Ética Al Derecho Agroalimentario, Luis González Vaqué

Luis González Vaqué

A finales del año 2013 la Comisión Europea presentó una Propuesta de Directiva relativa a la clonación de animales de las especies bovina, porcina, ovina, caprina y equina criados y reproducidos con fines ganaderos. El objetivo de dicha propuesta es garantizar la existencia de condiciones uniformes de producción para los ganaderos, protegiendo al mismo tiempo la salud y el bienestar de los animales. En este contexto, se considera que la suspensión de la técnica de la clonación y de las importaciones de clones vivos es una medida adecuada y necesaria para alcanzar el citado objetivo. Ofrece también la mejor relación …

La Sentencia 'Hagenmeyer Y Hahn/Comisión' (Tcue): Un Examen De La Legalidad De Los Procedimientos De Autorización De Las Declaraciones De Propiedades Saludables En Los Alimentos (Reglamento Nº 1924/2006), Luis González Vaqué

Luis González Vaqué

En este asunto, los demandantes, Moritz Hagenmeyer (Hamburgo, Alemania) y Andreas Hahn (Hannover, Alemania), solicitaron al Tribunal General que anulase la parte del Reglamento (UE) nº 1170/2011 de la Comisión, de 16 de noviembre de 2011, por el que se deniega la autorización de determinadas declaraciones de propiedades saludables en los alimentos relativas a la reducción del riesgo de enfermedad, relativa a la declaración solicitada por los demandantes de que «Un consumo frecuente de cantidades importantes de agua puede reducir el riesgo de desarrollar una deshidratación y el consiguiente descenso de rendimiento». El citado Tribunal desestimó el recurso.

La Razón Y Las Sinrazones De La Indicación Obligatoria Del Origen De Los Productos Alimenticios, Luis González Vaqué

Luis González Vaqué

No abstract provided.

Information To Consumers On The Absence Or Reduced Presence Of Gluten In Food, Luis González Vaqué

Luis González Vaqué

[From the Editorial]

Luis González Vaqué enriches this edition again, in an article on information to consumers on the absence or reduced presence of gluten in food, by analysing the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 828/2014. He looks briefly at Commission Regulation (EC) No 41/2009 concerning the composition and labelling of foodstuffs suitable for people intolerant to gluten because the Implementing Regulation will only enter into force on 20 July 2016. He also summarizes the Codex Alimentarius Standard for Foods for Special Dietary Use for Persons Intolerant to Gluten (CODEX STAN 118 – 1979), which completes the picture of the …

"La Protección De Los Consumidores Vulnerables En El Derecho Del Consumo De La Ue [El Programa Plurianual Para El Período 2014-2020]", Luis González Vaqué

Luis González Vaqué

El Programa plurianual de Consumidores para el período 2014-2020 (Reglamento nº 254/2014) debería contribuir a garantizar un nivel elevado de protección de los consumidores y respaldar plenamente las aspiraciones de la Estrategia Europa 2020 por lo que se refiere al crecimiento y la competitividad, gracias a la evolución hacia unos modelos de consumo más sostenibles, a la inclusión social así como a la toma en consideración de la situación particular de los consumidores vulnerables y las necesidades que crea el envejecimiento de la población, sobre la base del seguimiento del mercado de consumo para poder desarrollar normativas bien estructuradas y …