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Articles 1 - 30 of 40
Full-Text Articles in Law
Lessons From A Small And Troubled Country: Bosnia’S Struggling Judiciary Paints An Ominous Picture For The Future Of The Rule Of Law In The United States, David Pimentel
Mitchell Hamline Law Journal of Public Policy and Practice
No abstract provided.
Looted Cultural Objects, Elena Baylis
Looted Cultural Objects, Elena Baylis
Articles
In the United States, Europe, and elsewhere, museums are in possession of cultural objects that were unethically taken from their countries and communities of origin under the auspices of colonialism. For many years, the art world considered such holdings unexceptional. Now, a longstanding movement to decolonize museums is gaining momentum, and some museums are reconsidering their collections. Presently, whether to return such looted foreign cultural objects is typically a voluntary choice for individual museums to make, not a legal obligation. Modern treaties and statutes protecting cultural property apply only prospectively, to items stolen or illegally exported after their effective dates. …
The International Legal Order And The Rule Of Law, Vivian Grosswald Curran
The International Legal Order And The Rule Of Law, Vivian Grosswald Curran
Articles
This article addresses whether international law today is capable of instituting the rule of law. It offers a renewed look at the internationalists who brought us modern international law, such as Lauterpacht, Cassin and Lemkin. They tenaciously worked at placing the individual’s right to life and to human dignity front and center in international law while also preserving peace among states. Their struggle began in earnest first in the interwar years after the “war to end all wars” (1918 – 1939), and then again in 1945 after yet another, still worse, world war had occurred, devastating Europe, but leaving the …
The Right To Food Comes To America, Wendy Heipt
The Right To Food Comes To America, Wendy Heipt
Journal of Food Law & Policy
The people of Maine recently exercised an opportunity no citizen of this country has ever had before: the ability to vote on whether to enshrine a right to food in their state constitution. This Essay provides an overview of Maine’s experience with food rights in order to explain how the state came to occupy this unique position.
Trademarks, Gis, And Commercial Aspects Of Wine Distrubtion Agreements, Sarah A. Hinchliffe
Trademarks, Gis, And Commercial Aspects Of Wine Distrubtion Agreements, Sarah A. Hinchliffe
Journal of Food Law & Policy
The marketing of goods under geographical names has always been common. In addition to introducing commercial facets of wine distribution agreements, this article discusses the justifications, principles and, policies that lie behind the protection of geographical indications (GIs) for wine on an international level as well as in the Old World and, to a lesser degree, in the New World. The scope and shape of the GI system will then be scrutinized in light of its own justifications and in the light of its impact on international trade, intellectual property, and agricultural policy.
Comparative Method And International Litigation 2020, Ronald A. Brand
Comparative Method And International Litigation 2020, Ronald A. Brand
Articles
In this article, resulting from a presentation at the 2019 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Comparative Law, I apply comparative method to international litigation. I do so from the perspective of a U.S.-trained lawyer who has been involved for over 25 years in the negotiations that produced both the 2005 Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements and the 2019 Hague Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments in Civil or Commercial Matters. The law of jurisdiction and judgments recognition is probably most often taught in a litigation context. Nonetheless, that law has as much or more …
Online Dispute Resolution, Ronald A. Brand
Online Dispute Resolution, Ronald A. Brand
Articles
This chapter was prepared from a presentation given by the author at the 2019 Summer School in Transnational Commercial Law & Technology, jointly sponsored by the University of Verona School of Law and the Center for International Legal Education (CILE) of the University of Pittsburgh School of Law. In the paper, I review online dispute resolution (ODR) by considering the following five questions, which I believe help to develop a better understanding of both the concept and the legal framework surrounding it:
A. What is ODR?
B. Who does ODR?
C. What is the legal framework for ODR?
D. What …
The Cisg: Applicable Law And Applicable Forums, Ronald A. Brand
The Cisg: Applicable Law And Applicable Forums, Ronald A. Brand
Articles
Despite being in effect for over thirty years, a debate continues on whether the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) has been a success. With 89 Contracting States, it clearly is widely accepted. At the same time, empirical studies show that private parties regularly opt out of its application. It has served as a model for domestic sales law, and as an important educational tool. But has it been a success? In this article I consider that question, and suggests that the scorecard is not yet complete; and that it will perhaps take significantly …
Reflections On Us Involvement In The Promotion Of Clinical Legal Education In Europe, Philip Genty
Reflections On Us Involvement In The Promotion Of Clinical Legal Education In Europe, Philip Genty
Faculty Scholarship
What is the influence of the United States on European clinical legal education? The first reaction of many would be that this is not a particularly difficult question to answer. After all, clinical legal education is largely a US invention. Although one can find early examples of clinics in European law schools, the large-scale development of law school clinical education happened in the United States beginning in the 1960s. At present, there are clinical programs in each of the 207 American Bar Association (ABA)-approved US law schools. The Clinical Legal Education Association now lists 1,325 clinical teachers in its membership …
The Luxembourg Effect: Patent Boxes And The Limits Of International Cooperation, Lilian V. Faulhaber
The Luxembourg Effect: Patent Boxes And The Limits Of International Cooperation, Lilian V. Faulhaber
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
This article uses patent boxes, which reduce taxes on income from patents and other IP assets, to illustrate the fact that the jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice has a longer reach than has previously been recognized. This article argues that, along with having effects within the European Union, the ECJ’s decisions can also have effects on countries outside of the EU. In the direct tax context, the ECJ’s jurisprudence has hampered the ability of both EU and non-EU countries to police international tax avoidance.
In 2015, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) proposed restrictions on patent …
Does Brexit Spell The Death Of Transnational Law?, Ralf Michaels
Does Brexit Spell The Death Of Transnational Law?, Ralf Michaels
Faculty Scholarship
The British leave vote in the referendum on EU membership has important implications for how we think about law . The vote must be viewed as a manifestation of a globalized nationalism that we find in many EU member states and many other countries. As such, it is also a challenge of the idea of transnational law, forcefully introduced in Jessup’s book on Transnational law 60 years ago. In this paper, I suggest that the hope to return from transnational law to the nation state of the 19th century is nostalgic and futile. However, I argue that transnational law has …
Choosing The Partnership: English Business Organization Law During The Industrial Revolution, Ryan Bubb
Choosing The Partnership: English Business Organization Law During The Industrial Revolution, Ryan Bubb
Seattle University Law Review
For most of the period associated with the Industrial Revolution in Britain, English law restricted access to incorporation and the Bubble Act explicitly outlawed the formation of unincorporated joint stock companies with transferable shares. Furthermore, firms in the manufacturing industries most closely associated with the Industrial Revolution were overwhelmingly partnerships. These two facts have led some scholars to posit that the antiquated business organization law was a constraint on the structural transformation and growth that characterized the British economy during the period. Importantly, however, the vast majority of manufacturing firms in the modern sector were partnerships. An easy explanation for …
The Scottish Independence Referendum And The Principles Of Democratic Secession, Benjamin Levites
The Scottish Independence Referendum And The Principles Of Democratic Secession, Benjamin Levites
Brooklyn Journal of International Law
On September 18, 2014, Scottish voters decided whether to sever the 307 years of unity between Scotland and the United Kingdom in an independence referendum. While the voters ultimately rejected independence, the process by which the Scots accomplished this historic exercise will inform further democratic secession movements.
This Note examines the significant implications of Scotland’s independence referendum by assessing the history of independence referendums and the present scope of relevant international law. The formative history of the independence referendum and modern precedential examples established the requirements for democratic secession. In turn, the Scottish independence referendum, in the context of evolving …
Interpreting, Stephanie Jo Kent
Interpreting, Stephanie Jo Kent
Doctoral Dissertations
What do community interpreting for the Deaf in western societies, conference interpreting for the European Parliament, and language brokering in international management have in common? Academic research and professional training have historically emphasized the linguistic and cognitive challenges of interpreting, neglecting or ignoring the social aspects that structure communication. All forms of interpreting are inherently social; they involve relationships among at least three people and two languages. The contexts explored here, American Sign Language/English interpreting and spoken language interpreting within the European Parliament, show that simultaneous interpreting involves attitudes, norms and values about intercultural communication that overemphasize information and discount …
Charitable Giving, Tax Expenditures, And Direct Spending In The United States And The European Union, Lilian V. Faulhaber
Charitable Giving, Tax Expenditures, And Direct Spending In The United States And The European Union, Lilian V. Faulhaber
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
This Article compares the ways in which the United States and the European Union limit the ability of state-level entities to subsidize their own residents, whether through direct subsidies or through tax expenditures. It uses four recent charitable giving cases decided by the European Court of Justice (ECJ) to illustrate the ECJ’s evolving tax expenditure jurisprudence and argues that, while this jurisprudence may suggest a new and promising model for fiscal federalism, it may also have negative social policy implications. It also points out that the court analyzes direct spending and tax expenditures under different rubrics despite their economic equivalence …
Filling The Gap Between Morality And Jurisprudence: The Use Of Binding Arbitration To Resolve Claims Of Restitution Regarding Nazi-Stolen Art , Rebecca Keim
Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal
Recognizing the gaps in existing legislation, this article will argue that disputes arising between claimants and museums regarding the repatriation of Nazi-looted artwork should be decided by binding arbitration rather than litigation. To facilitate such arbitration, international law should support the creation of an arbitration commission, which would provide the most efficient and consistent way to resolve claims. Moreover, a neutral forum with clear rules of law and procedure capable of resolving claims would not only be more fair to claimants, but also to museums and personal collectors. This article will first discuss the severity and magnitude of Nazi looting …
The Wane In Spain (Of Universal Jurisdiction): Spain's Forgetful Democratic Transition And The Prosecution Of Tyrants, James J. Friedberg
The Wane In Spain (Of Universal Jurisdiction): Spain's Forgetful Democratic Transition And The Prosecution Of Tyrants, James J. Friedberg
West Virginia Law Review
No abstract provided.
Transnational Adoption And European Immigration Politics: Producing The National Body In Sweden, Barbara Yngvesson
Transnational Adoption And European Immigration Politics: Producing The National Body In Sweden, Barbara Yngvesson
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
This article explores the role of transnational adoption in the production of a multicultural but Swedish national body during the second half of the twentieth and the first decade of the twenty-first century, when Sweden became a multiethnic, multicultural, and racially divided country. I examine the development of international adoption policies in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, emphasizing the erasure of the child's connection to a preadoptive past, even as the child's cultural difference was celebrated in adopting nations. In Sweden, which in the late 1970s and early 1980s had the world's highest adoption ratio (number of transnational adoptions per …
Nato At Sixty: American Between Law And War, Mary Ellen O'Connell
Nato At Sixty: American Between Law And War, Mary Ellen O'Connell
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
NATO was founded to counter the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Treaty Organization. Both have been gone for over twenty years. So why is NATO still here? Part of the explanation may lie in Americans' strong belief in the efficacy of military force. NATO remains associated in Americans' minds with the greatest time of U.S. military power. Yet, the United States also has a strong commitment to the rule of law. The country appears overdue for a return to this other commitment. We should not be surprised to soon see the United States promoting international law again-and that could mean …
From Kosovo To Catalonia: Separatism And Integration In Europe, Christopher J. Borgen
From Kosovo To Catalonia: Separatism And Integration In Europe, Christopher J. Borgen
Faculty Publications
In July 2010 the International Court of Justice rendered its Advisory Opinion on the legality of Kosovo's declaration of independence and the Constitutional Court of Spain rendered an opinion concerning the autonomy of Catalonia. Two very different cases, from very different places, decided by very different courts. Nonetheless, they each provide insights on the issue of separatism in the midst of European integration. Does the Kosovo opinion open the door for other separatist groups? Does the process of European integration increase or undercut separatism? In addressing these questions, this article proceeds in three main parts. Part A briefly recaps the …
Sovereignty, Integration And Tax Avoidance In The European Union: Striking The Proper Balance, Lilian V. Faulhaber
Sovereignty, Integration And Tax Avoidance In The European Union: Striking The Proper Balance, Lilian V. Faulhaber
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
As the need to raise revenue becomes more pressing and public opposition to tax avoidance increases, the European Court of Justice has made it more difficult for the twenty-seven Member States of the European Union to prevent tax avoidance and shape fiscal policy. This article introduces the new anti-avoidance doctrine of the European Court of Justice and analyzes it from the perspective of taxpayers, Member States and the European Union legal order as a whole. This doctrine is problematic becasue it has created a legislative vacuum in Europe. No European Union institution has the authority to regulate direct taxation without …
Львова Єлизавета Олегівна. Правове Регулювання Міжнародного Економічного Правопорядку. : Дис... Канд. Наук: 12.00.11 - 2009., Elizabeth Lvova
Львова Єлизавета Олегівна. Правове Регулювання Міжнародного Економічного Правопорядку. : Дис... Канд. Наук: 12.00.11 - 2009., Elizabeth Lvova
Elizabeth Lvova
The thesis highlights the legal regulation of international economic law order (IELO). To this end the author analyzes the conceptual structure of international economic law, classic and modern approaches to the concept of international economic law, international law order, the role of Ukraine as а member of the world association in formation and development of international economic law, and also new approach to the determination of the concept and the essence of international economic law order is offered.
The Ethical Case For European Legislation Against Fur Farming, Andrew Linzey
The Ethical Case For European Legislation Against Fur Farming, Andrew Linzey
Animal Law Review
In recent years, several member states in the European Union enacted legislation to regulate or prohibit fur farming. This article calls for further action to ban the practice throughout the European Union. The Author notes animals’ inabilities to protect their own interests and the role of law to protect these vulnerable interests. The Author concludes by responding to the objections of fur farming proponents, ultimately finding no legitimate justification for the documented suffering of animals raised on fur farms.
Assessing Legislative Restrictions On Constitutional Rights: The Russian Constitutional Court And Article 55(3), Peter Krug
Oklahoma Law Review
No abstract provided.
The European Union Data Privacy Directive And International Relations, Steven R. Salbu
The European Union Data Privacy Directive And International Relations, Steven R. Salbu
Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law
This Article explores the European Union Data Privacy Directive and its impact upon international relations. Part II provides a background upon which the Privacy Directive is built. In Part III, the Article confronts the differences between how the United States and its European counterparts address privacy issues generally. Part IV analyzes the Privacy Directive in detail, while Part V explores possible effects that the Privacy Directive might have on international relations.
The World Trade Organisation Rules: A Legal Analysis Of Their Adverse Impact On Animal Welfare, Peter Stevenson
The World Trade Organisation Rules: A Legal Analysis Of Their Adverse Impact On Animal Welfare, Peter Stevenson
Animal Law Review
Mr. Stevenson analyzes the free trade rules of the World Trade Organisation and discusses their detrimental impact on certain measures designed to protect animals. Specifically, he discusses U.S. laws to safeguard dolphins and sea turtles, as well as proposed EU laws regarding leghold traps and cosmetic testing on animals. Mr. Stevenson provides an analysis of current WTO rule interpretation, identifies ways in which the rules should be reformed, and provides a less restrictive interpretation that would permit the existence of measures designed to improve animal welfare.
Innocents Abroad: Opportunities And Challenges For The International Legal Adviser, Wayne J. Carroll
Innocents Abroad: Opportunities And Challenges For The International Legal Adviser, Wayne J. Carroll
Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law
This Article argues that some regulatory authorities have not successfully adapted to the internationalization of the practice of law. First, the Author attempts to define the terms "international legal adviser" and "international legal advice." Next, the Author compares the existing barriers to practice in the United States and the European Union. The Author goes on to outline recent challenges and changes to these barriers to practice, including international efforts such as the WTO and the IBA and local rules in the United States and the European Union. The Author then analyzes the adequacy of existing regulatory regimes with regard to …
Comparative Federalism And The Issue Of Commandeering, Daniel Halberstam
Comparative Federalism And The Issue Of Commandeering, Daniel Halberstam
Book Chapters
Divided power systems, such as the United States, the European Union, and the Federal Republic of Germany, confront a common question: whether the central government may 'commandeer' its component States, that is, whether the central government may issue binding commands that force its component States to take regulatory action with respect to private parties. This chapter explores what may initially appear as a puzzling difference in the answers given. Whereas US constitutional jurisprudence currently prohibits commandeering, the founding charters of the EU and Germany permit such action. And all do so in the name of protecting the integrity and importance …
A Noble Sacrifice? Jus Ad Bellum And The International Community's Gamble In Chechnya, Peter Daniel Dipaola
A Noble Sacrifice? Jus Ad Bellum And The International Community's Gamble In Chechnya, Peter Daniel Dipaola
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
No abstract provided.
Service Of U.S. Punitive Damages Complaint Passes Constitutional Muster In Germany, Ingrid L. Lenhardt
Service Of U.S. Punitive Damages Complaint Passes Constitutional Muster In Germany, Ingrid L. Lenhardt
Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law
In today's global market, disputes between U.S. and foreign parties have become a common occurrence. Courts in the United States, as well as other nations, frequently face new and complex international litigation problems. A common problem for many courts centers on the practical, mechanical requirements of bringing a lawsuit.
In this Article, the author examines the service of process of U.S. complaints for punitive damages to residents of Germany. In particular, Ms. Lenhardt analyzes the recent German Constitutional Court's ruling on international service of process. In addition, the author reviews the requirements of the Hague Convention on Service Abroad and …