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A Comprehensive Solution To The Marine Biofouling Problem For The Endangered Florida Manatee And Other Species, Kathleen Oppenheimer Berkey Esq., Aicp, Todd K. Bendor Phd
A Comprehensive Solution To The Marine Biofouling Problem For The Endangered Florida Manatee And Other Species, Kathleen Oppenheimer Berkey Esq., Aicp, Todd K. Bendor Phd
Kathleen Oppenheimer Berkey
Marine biofouling is the undesirable accumulation of microorganisms, plants, algae, arthropods, or mollusks on a surface, such as a ship’s hull, when it is in contact with water for a period of time. Biofouling and its traditional remedies pose serious environmental consequences, including: 1) the transportation of nonindigenous marine species that can outcompete with native species for space and resources, thereby reducing biodiversity and threatening the viability of fisheries or aquaculture, 2) the accumulation of zinc- or copper-based toxins that can harm mollusk and marine mammal populations, and 3) the increase in weight, decrease in flexibility, decrease in mobility, and …