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- The Public Lands During the Remainder of the 20th Century: Planning, Law, and Policy in the Federal Land Agencies (Summer Conference, June 8-10) (3)
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- Water Resources Allocation: Laws and Emerging Issues: A Short Course (Summer Conference, June 8-11) (2)
- Water, Climate and Uncertainty: Implications for Western Water Law, Policy, and Management (Summer Conference, June 11-13) (2)
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Articles 1 - 30 of 125
Full-Text Articles in Law
Maurer Environmental Law Expert Is Lead Author On Science Insights Policy Forum Article, James Owsley Boyd
Maurer Environmental Law Expert Is Lead Author On Science Insights Policy Forum Article, James Owsley Boyd
Keep Up With the Latest News from the Law School (blog)
Environmental champions and conservationists will mark the 50th anniversary of the Endangered Species Act later this month. That is the law requiring federal agencies to use all methods necessary to prevent extinctions and ensure that federal actions not jeopardize the continued existence of species on the brink of disappearing from the face of the Earth.
In the leadup to the December 27th anniversary, several publications have begun examining the Act’s history and impact over five decades.
Science, the world’s third-most influential scholarly journal based on Google Scholar citations, invited experts from around the country to look ahead as well …
What Will The “Foreseeable Future” Bring For Climate- Imperiled Species?, Olivia Bauer
What Will The “Foreseeable Future” Bring For Climate- Imperiled Species?, Olivia Bauer
Indiana Law Journal
The Endangered Species Act (ESA) is the strongest source of federal protection for species that are at risk of extinction, and the ESA is becoming increasingly important as climate change threatens species and their habitats more than ever. In 2019, the Trump Administration amended the ESA to provide clarity and predictability when making decisions to list a species as threatened or endangered under the ESA. The Administration defined “foreseeable future” in a way that starkly limits how far into the future the listing agencies may look when assessing risks to species. Prior to the 2019 definition of “foreseeable future,” the …
Collaborative Governance Under The Endangered Species Act: An Empirical Analysis Of Protective Regulations, Robert L. Fischman, Vicky J. Meretsky, Matthew P. Castelli
Collaborative Governance Under The Endangered Species Act: An Empirical Analysis Of Protective Regulations, Robert L. Fischman, Vicky J. Meretsky, Matthew P. Castelli
Articles by Maurer Faculty
Recent conservation and administrative law scholarship emphasizes the need for potential legal adversaries to work together. Stakeholders and regulators can pool their political capital, money, property, expertise, and legal leverage to achieve more than could be accomplished through mere mechanical implementation of statutory commands. Most commentators associate collaboration with programs promoting fuzzy objectives to engage the public and advisory groups.
The Endangered Species Act (ESA) is a polarizing statute that imposes seemingly uncompromising mandates. But this Article demonstrates that the ESA actually provides rich opportunities for collaborative governance. In exploring this underappreciated success story, we document how conservation collaboration adapts …
350 Montana V. Bernhardt, Ryan W. Frank
350 Montana V. Bernhardt, Ryan W. Frank
Public Land & Resources Law Review
In its second trip before the District Court of Montana, the Bull Mountain Mine expansion was again halted, this time due to coal train derailments. The Bull Mountain Mine expansion, previously enjoined in 2015 for violating the National Environmental Policy Act, was revived in 2018 when the Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement approved the expansion a second time. Here, the court found the Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement did not comply with the National Environmental Policy Act on grounds that the Environmental Assessment failed to properly analyze the risk of train derailments.
National Wildlife Federation V. Secretary Of The United States Department Of Transportation, Holly A. Seymour
National Wildlife Federation V. Secretary Of The United States Department Of Transportation, Holly A. Seymour
Public Land & Resources Law Review
The Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals recently ruled in favor of the Department of Transportation in considering whether the district court erred in holding that an agency took a discretionary action when it approved oil spill response plans to a pipeline under the Clean Water Act. The Sixth Circuit reversed the district court’s decision. It held the Department of Transportation does not need to consider the Endangered Species Act and the National Environmental Policy Act requirements in their response plans as long as the Clean Water Act criteria for such plans are met.
All Dogs Get Regulatory Protection—And This Means Wolves Too: Extending Species- Specific Animal Welfare Act Protections, Megan Edwards
All Dogs Get Regulatory Protection—And This Means Wolves Too: Extending Species- Specific Animal Welfare Act Protections, Megan Edwards
Pace Environmental Law Review
No abstract provided.
Bringing Animal Protection Legislation Into Line With Its Purported Purposes: A Proposal For Equality Amongst Non-Human Animals, Jane Kotzmann, Gisela Nip
Bringing Animal Protection Legislation Into Line With Its Purported Purposes: A Proposal For Equality Amongst Non-Human Animals, Jane Kotzmann, Gisela Nip
Pace Environmental Law Review
The United States has a strong history of enacting laws to protect animals from the pain and suffering inflicted by humans. Indeed, the passage of the Massachusetts’ Body of Liberties in 1641 made it the first country in the world to pass such laws. Nevertheless, contemporary animal protection laws in all jurisdictions of the United States are limited in their ability to adequately realize their primary purpose of protecting animals from unnecessary or unjustifiable pain and suffering. This is a result of limited statutory definitions of ‘animal’ and far-reaching exclusions commonly found in animal protection legislation. These exclusions frequently apply …
Feeling The Heat: The Endangered Species Act And Climate Change, Andrew J. N. D. Coffey
Feeling The Heat: The Endangered Species Act And Climate Change, Andrew J. N. D. Coffey
Georgia State University Law Review
The following Note discusses the effects that some of these rule changes will have on the Endangered Species Act in the face of uncertain climate change and the science behind it. Part I examines the background of the Act, its current rules, climate change’s impact on the environment, and judicial deference to agency interpretations. Part II analyzes how the current rules further the goals of the Act, how the proposed changes to those rules will add to the confusion surrounding the Act’s standards, and the role climate change studies have in both of those implementations. Part III will propose a …
Letting Go Of Stability: Resilience And Environmental Law, Robert L. Fischman
Letting Go Of Stability: Resilience And Environmental Law, Robert L. Fischman
Indiana Law Journal
Historic variation in the environment once served as a reliable guide to future behavior. Sustainability promised continuity of ecological and social structures and functions within the known envelope of historic variation. Now climate change and other environmental stressors are tipping systems into behaviors that no longer remain within the confines of precedent. Social-ecological systems are neither persistent nor predicable. Letting go of stability releases us from untenable expectations of steady maintenance of some natural order. Resistance to change will continue to play a role as environmental law suppresses disruptions and buys time. But resistance will eventually yield the stage to …
Public-Private Conservation Agreements And The Greater Sage-Grouse, Justin R. Pidot
Public-Private Conservation Agreements And The Greater Sage-Grouse, Justin R. Pidot
Public Land & Resources Law Review
In 2015, the Obama Administration announced its conservation plans for the greater sage-grouse, an iconic bird of the intermountain west.Political leadership at the time described those plans as the “largest landscape-level conservation effort in U.S. history,”and they served as the foundation for a decision by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (“FWS”) that a listing of the bird was not warranted under the Endangered Species Act (“ESA”). The Trump Administration appears poised to substantially amend the plans, although an array of interested parties have urged that the plans be left intact. Regardless of the outcome of this debate, conservation of …
Center For Biological Diversity V. Zinke, Ryan Hickey
Center For Biological Diversity V. Zinke, Ryan Hickey
Public Land & Resources Law Review
The oft-cited “arbitrary and capricious” standard revived the Center for Biological Diversity’s most recent legal challenge in its decades-long quest to see arctic grayling listed under the Endangered Species Act. While this Ninth Circuit decision did not grant grayling ESA protections, it did require the United States Fish and Wildlife Service to reconsider its 2014 finding that listing grayling as threatened or endangered was unwarranted. In doing so, the court found “range,” as used in the ESA, vague while endorsing the FWS’s 2014 clarification of that term. Finally, this holding identified specific shortcomings of the challenged FWS finding, highlighting how …
Friends Of Animals V. United States Fish & Wildlife Service, Bradley E. Tinker
Friends Of Animals V. United States Fish & Wildlife Service, Bradley E. Tinker
Public Land & Resources Law Review
In Friends of Animals v. United States Fish & Wildlife Service, the Ninth Circuit held that the plain language of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act allows for the removal of one species of bird to benefit another species. Friends of Animals argued that the Service’s experiment permitting the taking of one species––the barred owl––to advance the conservation of a different species––the northern spotted owl––violated the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. The court, however, found that the Act delegates broad implementing discretion to the Secretary of the Interior, and neither the Act nor the underlying international conventions limit the taking of …
California Sea Urchin Commission V. Bean, Thomas C. Mooney-Myers
California Sea Urchin Commission V. Bean, Thomas C. Mooney-Myers
Public Land & Resources Law Review
In California Sea Urchin Commission v. Bean, the Ninth Circuit upheld the Fish and Wildlife Service’s decision to end an experimental sea otter colony and translocation program. Commercial fishing groups sought reversal of the decision due to their interest in maintaining the translocation program which reduced otter predation on commercially valuable shellfish. While the Ninth Circuit held the group had standing, it then applied the Chevron test and determined the agency’s actions were reasonable.
Avian Jurisprudence And The Protection Of Migratory Birds In North America, Marshall A. Bowen
Avian Jurisprudence And The Protection Of Migratory Birds In North America, Marshall A. Bowen
St. Mary's Law Journal
Abstract forthcoming
Markle Interest, L.L.C. V. U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Peter B. Taylor
Markle Interest, L.L.C. V. U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Peter B. Taylor
Public Land & Resources Law Review
This action is an appeal of a grant of summary judgment to the United States Fish and Wildlife Service on the designation of critical-habitat for the dusky gopher frog under the ESA. Landowner appellants originally sought declaratory and injunctive relief against the Service, the Department of Interior, and agency officials challenging the designation of their private property as critical-habitat for the dusky gopher frog. The court’s holdings recognize loss of property value as a “particularized injury” for standing under the ESA in addition to addressing the landowners’ three principal arguments: 1) the critical habitat designation violated the ESA and the …
Legislative Efforts To Increase State Management For Imperiled Species Should Be Rejected, Stephanie Kurose
Legislative Efforts To Increase State Management For Imperiled Species Should Be Rejected, Stephanie Kurose
Sustainable Development Law & Policy
No abstract provided.
Anthropogenic Noise And The Endangered Species Act, Carolyn Larcom
Anthropogenic Noise And The Endangered Species Act, Carolyn Larcom
Sustainable Development Law & Policy
No abstract provided.
Collaborative Management As A Mechanism For Incentivizing Private Landowners And Protecting Endangered Species, Ashley Graves
Collaborative Management As A Mechanism For Incentivizing Private Landowners And Protecting Endangered Species, Ashley Graves
Texas A&M Law Review
Currently, the Endangered Species Act is falling short of its potential. Even though the Endangered Species Act has provided protection for endangered and threatened species and helped some species to recover and even thrive, the fact that most listed species’ habitat is on private land remains a hurdle that has not yet been overcome. In fact, the stringent requirements imposed upon private landowners often put endangered and threatened species at risk as some private landowners will use any means possible to stop the government from finding endangered or threatened species on their land. Because of this, the United States Fish …
Agency Coordination Of Private Action: The Role Of Relational Contracting, Karen Maire Bradshaw Schulz
Agency Coordination Of Private Action: The Role Of Relational Contracting, Karen Maire Bradshaw Schulz
Texas A&M Law Review
This Article explores the previously overlooked role of relational contracting in forming and maintaining public-private partnerships. Relational contracting generally describes firms using formal but legally non-binding agreements to collaborate on shared objectives. Why do parties invest in forming elaborate contracts that they do not—and cannot—enforce in court? Contract theory suggests that the very act of contracting is relationship-building; it generates commitment, trust, cooperation, a win-win philosophy, and strengthened communication. Writing down goals and intentions allows parties to clarify expectations while maintaining flexibility for unforeseen conditions. This Article demonstrates that agencies also use relational contracting— creating unenforceable written agreements to build …
Save Our Cabinets V. U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Jaclyn Van Natta
Save Our Cabinets V. U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Jaclyn Van Natta
Public Land & Resources Law Review
No abstract provided.
Defenders Of Wildlife V. Zinke, Jacob R. Schwaller
Defenders Of Wildlife V. Zinke, Jacob R. Schwaller
Public Land & Resources Law Review
Wyoming was the final holdout of protections for wolves under the Endangered Species Act, and a recent decision by the United States Circuit for the District of Columbia has finally overturned those protections. After years of court battles, this decision marks the final adjudication removing federal protections, and places the management of the wolves in the Greater Yellowstone Area back in the hands of the states surrounding Yellowstone National Park. Complete deference to state regulatory systems may be a new trend in the adjudication of cases under the ESA, and this case could have significant impacts on future deference given …
Choosing Your Ground On The Endangered Species Act: How Do The Ninth, Tenth, And District Of Columbia Circuit Courts Of Appeal Evaluate Water Management Decisions Made By Federal Water Agencies?, Michael Kinsey
Pace Environmental Law Review
The purpose of this article is twofold. First, federal agencies are responsible for the development and implementation of ESA documents, and knowing what a court will look for and at when that document is challenged can help the agencies to develop a document that can better survive court review. Second, a plaintiff who challenges such a document can benefit from that same knowledge, by knowing which elements of the document to best challenge. The intent of this article is to provide practitioners, both agency and non-, with an introduction to that knowledge, to identify some of those difficulties, dangers, and …
Legal Pathways For A Massive Increase In Utility-Scale Renewable Generation Capacity, Michael Gerrard
Legal Pathways For A Massive Increase In Utility-Scale Renewable Generation Capacity, Michael Gerrard
Faculty Scholarship
Decarbonizing the U.S. energy system will require a program of building onshore wind, offshore wind, utility-scale solar, and associated transmission that will exceed what has been done before in the United States by many times, every year out to 2050. These facilities, together with rooftop photovoltaics and other distributed generation, are required to replace most fossil fuel generation and to help furnish the added electricity that will be needed as many uses currently employing fossil fuels (especially passenger transportation and space and water heating) are electrified. This Article, excerpted from Michael B. Gerrard & John Dernbach, eds., Legal Pathways to …
The Hidden Rise Of Efficient (De)Listing, Zachary A. Bray
The Hidden Rise Of Efficient (De)Listing, Zachary A. Bray
Zachary Bray
What is the value of the gray wolf, and what might be the costs of including a tiny desert lizard on the list of endangered species? For decades, Congress has formally excluded questions about the economic value of species and the costs of their protection from agency decisions about whether a species should be listed under the Endangered Species Act. Recently, however, a number of federal legislators have sought to incorporate their own ad hoc views about the value of individual species in peril, and the costs of protecting such species, into listing decisions. This goal has been accomplished through …
Day 1: Wednesday, 17 August 2005: Biodiversity And Critical Habitat, Charles Bedford, Federico Cheever, Tim Sullivan
Day 1: Wednesday, 17 August 2005: Biodiversity And Critical Habitat, Charles Bedford, Federico Cheever, Tim Sullivan
Tim Sullivan
6 pages (includes color illustration). Contains references.
Slides: Klamath Basin Agreements: Largest River Restoration Project In American History, Amy Cordalis
Slides: Klamath Basin Agreements: Largest River Restoration Project In American History, Amy Cordalis
Innovations in Managing Western Water: New Approaches for Balancing Environmental, Social and Economic Outcomes (Martz Summer Conference, June 11-12)
Presenter: Amy Cordalis, Staff Attorney, Yurok Tribe
34 slides
Slides: New Era Of Water Banking And Refined "Water Accounting", Bonnie Colby
Slides: New Era Of Water Banking And Refined "Water Accounting", Bonnie Colby
Innovations in Managing Western Water: New Approaches for Balancing Environmental, Social and Economic Outcomes (Martz Summer Conference, June 11-12)
Presenter: Professor Bonnie Colby, Departments of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona
23 slides
Cooling Down Florida's Coast: Saving East Central And Southeast Florida's Sea Turtles From Impacts Of Climate Change, Kara Graham
Cooling Down Florida's Coast: Saving East Central And Southeast Florida's Sea Turtles From Impacts Of Climate Change, Kara Graham
Student Works
No abstract provided.
Protecting Endangered Species Without Regulating Private Landowners: The Case Of Endangered Plants, Jeffrey J. Rachlinski
Protecting Endangered Species Without Regulating Private Landowners: The Case Of Endangered Plants, Jeffrey J. Rachlinski
Jeffrey J. Rachlinski
No abstract provided.
Alliance For The Wild Rockies And Native Ecosystems Council V. Krueger, Nicholas R. Vandenbos
Alliance For The Wild Rockies And Native Ecosystems Council V. Krueger, Nicholas R. Vandenbos
Public Land & Resources Law Review
Environmental plaintiffs demanded injunctions following U.S. Forest Service approval of two fuel reduction projects in the Gallatin National Forest, alleging, inter alia, ESA and NEPA violations. Although both projects had already been challenged in Salix v. United States Forest Serv., Plaintiffs in Alliance for the Wild Rockies alleged specific harms, allowing the court to create a new injunction standard for cases involving procedural, programmatic violation of the ESA. The new test harmonizes two conflicting lines of Ninth Circuit precedent.