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Full-Text Articles in Law
Racially Neutral In Form, Racially Discriminatory In Fact: The Implications For Voting Rights Of Giving Disproportionate Racial Impact The Constitutional Importance It Deserves, Gary J. Simson
Mercer Law Review
In two decisions in the mid-1970s, Washington v. Davis and Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp., the U.S. Supreme Court made clear that proving that a law racially neutral on its face disproportionately disadvantages racial minorities does not establish a violation of the Equal Protection Clause or even create a presumption that such a violation has occurred. Disproportionate racial impact “is not irrelevant,” the Court explained, but “it is not the sole touchstone of an invidious racial discrimination forbidden by the Constitution.” The key, according to the Court, lies in proving that the law was the …
“We Are Still Citizens, Despite Our Regrettable Past” Why A Conviction Should Not Impact Your Right To Vote, Jaime Hawk, Breanne Schuster
“We Are Still Citizens, Despite Our Regrettable Past” Why A Conviction Should Not Impact Your Right To Vote, Jaime Hawk, Breanne Schuster
Seattle Journal for Social Justice
No abstract provided.
Race, Shelby County, And The Voter Information Verification Act In North Carolina, Michael D. Herron, Daniel A. Smith
Race, Shelby County, And The Voter Information Verification Act In North Carolina, Michael D. Herron, Daniel A. Smith
Florida State University Law Review
Shortly after the Supreme Court in Shelby County v. Holder struck down section 4(b) of the Voting Rights Act (VRA), the State of North Carolina enacted an omnibus piece of election- reform legislation known as the Voter Information Verification Act (VIVA). Prior to Shelby, portions of North Carolina were covered jurisdictions per the VRA’s sections 4 and 5—meaning that they had to seek federal preclearance for changes to their election procedures— and this motivates our assessment of whether VIVA’s many alterations to North Carolina’s election procedures are race-neutral. We show that in presidential elections in North Carolina black early voters …
Unseen Exclusions In Voting And Immigration Law, César Cuauhtémoc García Hernández
Unseen Exclusions In Voting And Immigration Law, César Cuauhtémoc García Hernández
Journal of Race, Gender, and Ethnicity
No abstract provided.
Shelby, Race, And Disability Rights, Ravi Malhotra
Shelby, Race, And Disability Rights, Ravi Malhotra
Journal of Race, Gender, and Ethnicity
No abstract provided.
Preferential Judicial Activism, Sudha Setty
Preferential Judicial Activism, Sudha Setty
Journal of Race, Gender, and Ethnicity
No abstract provided.
Frederick Douglass On Shelby County, Olympia Duhart
Frederick Douglass On Shelby County, Olympia Duhart
Journal of Race, Gender, and Ethnicity
No abstract provided.
Post Oppression, Christian B. Sundquist
Post Oppression, Christian B. Sundquist
Journal of Race, Gender, and Ethnicity
No abstract provided.
Legal Post-Racialism As An Instrument Of Racial Compromise In Shelby County V. Holder, Pantea Javidan
Legal Post-Racialism As An Instrument Of Racial Compromise In Shelby County V. Holder, Pantea Javidan
Journal of Race, Gender, and Ethnicity
No abstract provided.
Shelby County V. Holder: A Critical Analysis Of The Post-Racial Movement’S Relationship To Bystander Denial And Its Effect On Perceptions Of Ongoing Discrimination In Voting, Abra S. Mason
Journal of Race, Gender, and Ethnicity
No abstract provided.
Electoral Silver Linings After Shelby, Citizens United And Bennett, Ciara Torres-Spelliscy
Electoral Silver Linings After Shelby, Citizens United And Bennett, Ciara Torres-Spelliscy
Journal of Race, Gender, and Ethnicity
No abstract provided.
Setting Congress Up To Fail, Margaret B. Kwoka
Setting Congress Up To Fail, Margaret B. Kwoka
Journal of Race, Gender, and Ethnicity
No abstract provided.
The Voting Game, Sarah R. Robinson
The Voting Game, Sarah R. Robinson
Journal of Race, Gender, and Ethnicity
No abstract provided.
The Second Reconstruction Is Over, Robert V. Ward Jr.
The Second Reconstruction Is Over, Robert V. Ward Jr.
Journal of Race, Gender, and Ethnicity
No abstract provided.
Still Fighting After All These Years: Minority Voting Rights 50 Years After The March On Washington, Deborah N. Archer
Still Fighting After All These Years: Minority Voting Rights 50 Years After The March On Washington, Deborah N. Archer
Journal of Race, Gender, and Ethnicity
No abstract provided.
Any Is Too Much: Shelby County V. Holder And Diminished Citizenship, Peter Halewood
Any Is Too Much: Shelby County V. Holder And Diminished Citizenship, Peter Halewood
Journal of Race, Gender, and Ethnicity
No abstract provided.
The Past As Prologue: Shelby County V. Holder And The Risks Ahead, J. Corey Harris
The Past As Prologue: Shelby County V. Holder And The Risks Ahead, J. Corey Harris
Journal of Race, Gender, and Ethnicity
No abstract provided.
Jackals, Tall Ships, And The Endless Forest Of Lies: Foreword To Symposium On The Voting Rights Act In The Wake Of Shelby County V. Holder, Anthony Paul Farley
Jackals, Tall Ships, And The Endless Forest Of Lies: Foreword To Symposium On The Voting Rights Act In The Wake Of Shelby County V. Holder, Anthony Paul Farley
Journal of Race, Gender, and Ethnicity
No abstract provided.
A Tale Of Two Minority Groups: Can Two Different Minority Groups Bring A Coalition Suit Under Section 2 Of The Voting Rights Act Of 1965, Sara Michaloski
A Tale Of Two Minority Groups: Can Two Different Minority Groups Bring A Coalition Suit Under Section 2 Of The Voting Rights Act Of 1965, Sara Michaloski
Catholic University Law Review
No abstract provided.
Blocking The Ballot: Why Florida’S New Voting Restrictions Demonstrate A Need For Continued Enforcement Of The Voting Rights Act Preclearance Requirement, Michael Ellement
Blocking The Ballot: Why Florida’S New Voting Restrictions Demonstrate A Need For Continued Enforcement Of The Voting Rights Act Preclearance Requirement, Michael Ellement
Catholic University Law Review
No abstract provided.
Poll Workers, Election Administration, And The Problem Of Implicit Bias, Antony Page, Michael J. Pitts
Poll Workers, Election Administration, And The Problem Of Implicit Bias, Antony Page, Michael J. Pitts
Michigan Journal of Race and Law
Racial bias in election administration-more specifically, in the interaction between poll workers and voters at a polling place on election day-may be implicit, or unconscious. Indeed, the operation of a polling place may present an "optimal" setting for unconscious racial bias. Poll workers sometimes have legal discretion to decide whether or not a prospective voter gets to cast a ballot, and they operate in an environment where they may have to make quick decisions, based on little information, with few concrete incentives for accuracy, and with little opportunity to learn from their errors. Even where the letter of the law …
The Politics Of Preclearance, Luis Fuentes-Rohwer, Guy-Uriel E. Charles
The Politics Of Preclearance, Luis Fuentes-Rohwer, Guy-Uriel E. Charles
Michigan Journal of Race and Law
This Essay examines recent charges of political motivation against the Department of Justice and its enforcement of the Voting Rights Act. These accusations appear well-deserved, on the strength of the Department's recent handling of the Texas redistricting submission and Georgia's voting identification requirement. This Essay reaches two conclusions. First, it is clear that Congress wished to secure its understanding of the Act into the future through its preclearance requirement. Many critics of the voting rights bill worried about the degree of discretion that the legislation accorded the Attorney General. Supporters worried as well, for this degree of discretion might lead …
The End Of Preclearance As We Knew It: How The Supreme Court Transformed Section 5 Of The Voting Rights Act, Peyton Mccrary, Christopher Seaman, Richard Valelly
The End Of Preclearance As We Knew It: How The Supreme Court Transformed Section 5 Of The Voting Rights Act, Peyton Mccrary, Christopher Seaman, Richard Valelly
Michigan Journal of Race and Law
This Article’s analysis reveals that by the 1990s the intent, or purpose, prong of Section 5 had become the dominant basis for objections to discriminatory voting changes. During that decade an astonishing 43 percent of all objections were, according to this assessment, based on discriminatory purpose alone. Thus, a key issue for Congress in determining how to deal with the preclearance requirement of the Act due to expire in 2007-assuming it seeks to restore the protection of minority voting rights that existed before January 2000-is whether to revise the language of Section 5 so as to restore the long-accepted definition …
Lowering The Preclearance Hurdle Reno V. Bossier Parish School Board, 120 S. Ct. 866 (2000), Alaina C. Beverly
Lowering The Preclearance Hurdle Reno V. Bossier Parish School Board, 120 S. Ct. 866 (2000), Alaina C. Beverly
Michigan Journal of Race and Law
This Case Note examines a recent Supreme Court decision that collapses the purpose and effect prongs of Section 5, effectively lowering the barrier to preclearance for covered jurisdictions. In Reno v. Bossier Parish School Board II the Court determined that Section 5 disallows only voting plans that are enacted with a retrogressive purpose (i.e., with the purpose to "worsen" the position of minority voters). The Court held that Section 5 does not prohibit preclearance of a plan enacted with a discriminatory purpose but without a retrogressive effect. Evidence of a Section 2 violation alone will not be enough to prove …
Constitutional Law—Equal Protection - Race Shall Not Be The Predominant Factor In Congressional District Drawing, Kevin G. Beckham
Constitutional Law—Equal Protection - Race Shall Not Be The Predominant Factor In Congressional District Drawing, Kevin G. Beckham
University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review
No abstract provided.
Democratic National Committee V. Edward J. Rollins: Politics As Usual Or Unusual Politics?, Rachel E. Berry
Democratic National Committee V. Edward J. Rollins: Politics As Usual Or Unusual Politics?, Rachel E. Berry
Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice
No abstract provided.
Identifying The Harm In Racial Gerrymandering Claims, Samuel Issacharoff, Thomas C. Goldstein
Identifying The Harm In Racial Gerrymandering Claims, Samuel Issacharoff, Thomas C. Goldstein
Michigan Journal of Race and Law
This Article proceeds along two lines. First, it reviews the theories of harm set forth in the Justices' various opinions, i.e., the articulated risks to individual rights that may or may not be presented by racial gerrymandering. What is learned from this survey is that Shaw and its progeny serve different purposes for different members of the Court. Four members of the Shaw, Miller v. Johnson, and United States v. Hays majorities-Chief Justice Rehnquist, along with Justices Scalia, Kennedy, and Thomas- are far more concerned with "race" than "gerrymandering." In particular, they consider all race-based government classifications to be inherently …
Voting Rights Act Section 2: Racially Polarized Voting And The Minority Community's Representative Of Choice, Evelyn Elayne Shockley
Voting Rights Act Section 2: Racially Polarized Voting And The Minority Community's Representative Of Choice, Evelyn Elayne Shockley
Michigan Law Review
A much needed congressional effort to give substance to African-American suffrage resulted in the enactment of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (the Act). Although the fifteenth amendment gave African-American men the right to vote in 1870, almost a hundred years later they were still largely unable to exercise the right. This condition did not result from apathy on the part of African-American voters, but rather from their inability to overcome barriers set up by white racists. Practices whites instituted, such as "[l]iteracy and 'understanding' tests, poll taxes, the white primary, intimidation, [and] violence," prevented African-Americans from realizing their constitutional …
One Person-One Vote Round Iii: Challenges To The 1980 Redistricting, Robert J. Van Der Velde
One Person-One Vote Round Iii: Challenges To The 1980 Redistricting, Robert J. Van Der Velde
Cleveland State Law Review
Ever since the United States Supreme Court entered the "political thicket" of redistricting and reapportionment courts and legislatures have been struggling with issues relating to the Court's mandate of "one person, one vote." The re-drawing of congressional and legislative district boundaries after the 1980 census was only the third time that district boundaries have been drawn according to the Supreme Court's mandate of "one person-one vote." This Article discusses the legal requirements of one person-one vote and the continuing evolution of the legal standards in this area. Part II analyzes the evolution of one person-one vote doctrine in the Supreme …
Racial Vote Dilution In Multimember Districts: The Constitutional Standard After Washington V. Davis, Michigan Law Review
Racial Vote Dilution In Multimember Districts: The Constitutional Standard After Washington V. Davis, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
This Note argues that the effect-oriented standard for multimember-district vote-dilution claims is unaffected by the Washington intent requirement. Part I outlines the manner in which multimember districts can dilute minority voting strength. After summarizing Washington's intent requirement, Part II surveys the post-Washington vote dilution cases and demonstrates that the applicability of the intent standard to vote dilution claims is uncertain. Part III first suggests two ways in which White and Washington may be reconciled. That section then argues that White is unaffected by the intent requirement because the standard for vote dilution fits within a fundamental interest analysis …