Law Commons^™

Impeaching Lying Parties With Their Statements During Negotiation: Demysticizing The Public Policy Rationale Behind Evidence Rule 408 And The Mediation-Privilege Statutes, Lynne H. Rambo

Washington Law Review

Virtually all American jurisdictions have laws—either rules of evidence or mediation-privilege statutes or both—that exclude from evidence statements that parties make during negotiations and mediations. The legislatures (and sometimes courts) that have adopted these exclusionary rules have invoked a public policy rationale: that parties must be able to speak freely to settle disputes, and they will not speak freely if their statements during negotiation can later be admitted against them. This rationale is so widely revered that many courts have relied on it to prohibit the use of negotiation statements to impeach, even when the inconsistency of the negotiation statement …

Adr: An Eclectic Array Of Processes, Rather Than One Eclectic Process, Lela P, Love

Journal of Dispute Resolution

The thesis of this essay is that when mediators try to resolve a controversy by providing their analysis fo the legal - or other- merits, they are providing the service that judges, arbitrators and neutral experts provide. In essence, such endeavors use the neutral's judgment, award or opinion to determine or jump-start a resolution. That add-on activity to mediation should be called by its proper name. This essay will not review the many reasons that a single neutral combining the roles of facilitator and evaluator is problematic, since that has been done extensively elsewhere.' Instead, in part one, we highlight …

Identifying Real Dichotomies Underlying The False Dichotomy: Twenty-First Century Mediation In An Eclectic Regime, Jeffrey W. Stemple

Journal of Dispute Resolution

Preparation for the University of Missouri's lecture on dispute resolution and consideration of commentary prompted additional thoughts on the issue and a more refined perspective on the issue of facilitation-versus-evaluation and its role in the continued development of modem ADR. Rather than attempt to fine-tune a completed article, this reply will address the additional perspectives as well as note points of distinct conflict or quibble with commentators. First, this reply provides some additional assessment framing the facilitative-evaluative debate as well as a modified brief in support of the legitimacy of some elements of evaluation in the eclectic mediation that is …

Negligent Retention And Arbitration: The Effect Of A Developing Tort On Traditional Labor Law, Terry A. Bethel

Journal of Dispute Resolution

As negligent retention theories continue to grow, courts will inevitably address these questions. This article will offer a brief introduction to the tort of negligent retention and related doctrines and will discuss how courts will accommodate them within traditional labor law principles. Despite my impulsive reaction that negligent retention poses a threat to arbitration, I conclude that, for the most part, negligent retention and labor arbitration can coexist peacefully.

Mediating Citizen Complaints Against The Police: An Exploratory Study , Samuel Walker, Carol Archbold

Journal of Dispute Resolution

This article examines the subject of mediating citizen complaints against the police. It reviews the history of citizen complaints, presents data on existing police complaint mediation programs, and discusses the potential contributions of mediation to police accountability.

Foreword, Leonard L. Riskin

Journal of Dispute Resolution

In 1994, I proposed the idea of charting a mediator's role on a facilitative evaluative continuum. Since that time, the notion surely has generated at least as much heat as light. In this Symposium, we are fortunate to have a lead article and final reflections by Professor Jeffrey Stempel, one of the most thoughtful and prolific commentators on this issue. Professor Stempel's argument that eclecticism in mediation is inevitable is well-honed, and yet our distinguished commentators - Gary Gill-Austem, Richard Birke, Kim Kovach, Lela Love, Jon Lande, and Zena Zumeta - found much to say about it.

Evaluation And Facilitation: Moving Past Either/Or, Richard Birke

Journal of Dispute Resolution

In this essay, I argue that there is no such thing as a purely facilitative mediation of a legal dispute. Neither is there such a thing as a purely evaluative mediation of a legal dispute. Mediation of legal disputes is, by its nature, always facilitative and evaluative. The evaluative-facilitative divide is an artificial artifact of history. Following this introduction, I offer a brief description of the development of the field of legal mediation, and I attempt to place the Riskin grid in historical context. I then hope to push the debate toward a new moment, one in which all mediation …

Inevitability Of The Eclectic: Liberating Adr From Ideology, The, Jeffrey W. Stempel, Kimberlee K. Kovach

Journal of Dispute Resolution

In this essay, I continue to argue against such rigid characterization of the mediation enterprise and in favor of what I term an "eclectic" approach to mediation. The eclectic style is one in which a mediator - while maintaining neutrality and impartiality at all times - attempts to both assist the disputants in finding acceptable solutions on their own and also remains free to provide necessary guidance as to the outcomes that might obtain in the legal regime that will govern their dispute should no agreement result from the mediation. In short, my view of good mediation practice is one …

Toward More Sophisticated Mediation Theory, John Lande

Journal of Dispute Resolution

Some of these benefits are due to the particular arguments of facilitation proponents, while others involve a general development of the field resulting from the debate. The first benefit is that facilitation proponents have highlighted how mediation can promote many important values such as party self-determination, and they have cautioned about risks of unfairness created by mediator evaluation as described in Part III. Second, the facilitation-evaluation debate has stimulated a better appreciation of the appropriateness of these techniques in different types of cases, as described in Part IV. Third, the debate has contributed to reducing ill-considered evaluation practice, as discussed …

Faithful, Gary L. Gill-Austern

Journal of Dispute Resolution

The term "facilitative mediation" reminds me of the term "Old Testament." As we Jews from time to time have reminded Christians, the Jewish people call their canon the Tanakh, or, in English, the Hebrew Scriptures. That the same thirty-nine books - Genesis, Exodus, and so on - are labeled "Old Testament" by others indicates that another (later) religious community believes that an event occurred that requires what came before to be interpreted through the prism of an intervening event or reality. For Christians, this is expressed in the New Testament. Returning, then, to the current discussion, it takes a partisan …

Mediator's Privilege: Can A Mediator Be Compelled To Testify In A Civil Case - California Privilege Law Says Yes - Olam V. Congress Mortgage Co., The, Jennifer C. Bailey

Journal of Dispute Resolution

In the present case, Olain v. Congress, the United States District Court for the Northern District of California has, in a precedent-setting opinion, forced a mediator to testify in a subsequent civil procedure. 9 This Note will examine two recurring issues regarding mediation: first, the appropriate law to be applied when a case sits in federal court; and second, the history of the mediation privilege, the present state of the mediation privilege within the federal and state courts, and the consequences of the instant case.

Arbitration And Its Collateral Estoppel Effect On Third Parties - Vandenberg V. Superior Court, Thurston K. Cromwell

Journal of Dispute Resolution

This Note examines why California's supreme court chose not to allow judicially confirmed arbitration awards to apply to third parties. The court based its decision on the contract model of arbitration and determined that an agreement to arbitrate was not necessarily an agreement binding third parties. However, this decision undermines the credibility of the arbitration process and fails to consider the negative impact relitigation of issues will have on the California courts.

Employees Beware: Signing Arbitration Agreements May Limit Your Remedies In Suits Filed By The Eeoc - Equal Employment Opportunity Commission V. Waffle House, Inc., Sarah Baxter

Journal of Dispute Resolution

Arbitration is used regularly to settle employment disputes, and federal policy supports these agreements between private parties. Federal statutes, however, also grant the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission the authority to pursue employment discrimination claims in court. These claims do more than vindicate the rights of individuals, they also safeguard the public interest in ending employment discrimination. A conflict may arise between these two policies when employees sign agreements to submit statutory discrimination claims to arbitration. This Note examines the split of authority on the issue of whether the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission should be permitted to seek money damages on …

How Level Is The Playing Field - Should Employers Be Able To Circumvent State Workers' Compensation Schemes By Creating Their Own Employee Compensation Plans - Strawn V. Afc Enterprises, D/B/A Church's Chicken, Nathan E. Ross

Journal of Dispute Resolution

Disputes resulting from workplace incidents are consuming increasingly greater proportions of our courts' dockets.2 In recent years, "[e]mployment litigation has grown at a rate many times greater than litigation in general ... almost one thousand percent greater than the increase in all other types of civil litigation combined."3 Due to the unequal bargaining power employers possess over employees in these disputes, states have passed workers' compensation laws to level the playing field.' However, employers have chosen not to subscribe to their states' workers' compensation systems, but instead have created their own employee compensation plans.' In addition, these employer-created compensation plans …

Recent Developments: The Uniform Arbitration Act, S. Owen Griffin, Kelli Hopkins, Scot L. Wiggins, Emily Woodward

Journal of Dispute Resolution

This Article is an overview of recent court decisions that interpret state versions of the Uniform Arbitration Act ("U.A.A.").' Arbitration statutes patterned after the U.A.A. have been adopted by thirty-four states and the District of Columbia. The goal of this project is to promote uniformity in the interpretation of the U.A.A. by articulating the underlying policies and rationales of recent court decisions interpreting the U.A.A?

Facilitative Mediator Responds, A, Zena Zumeta

Journal of Dispute Resolution

I appreciate the thoughtfulness and conclusions of Professor Jeffrey Stempel in his article. His title, "The Inevitability of the Eclectic," seems completely right to me. Most mediators I know who have had training in mediation are more eclectic than squarely in one camp or another. They use techniques that are geared both to their own personalities and to the needs of the case. This, indeed, is a level of sophistication that is a heartening indication of the maturity of the field of mediation. However, there are many points in Stempel's argument that I disagree with, including some of his most …

Setting Arbitrators' Fees: An International Survey, John Y. Gotanda

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

This Article examines the compensation policies of international arbitrators. Specifically, the Article details the results of a survey of individuals who practice in the area of international arbitration.

Initially, the Article describes the different methods of calculating the fees of the arbitral tribunal, discussing the relative advantages and disadvantages of each method. The study concludes that most arbitrators calculate their fees using a time-based method, except when the arbitral institution requires that their fees be determined under the ad valorem method.

Next, the Article examines arbitrators' policies regarding cancellation and commitment fees. Survey results highlighted confusion about whether arbitrators were …

The Development Of Arbitration In The Resolution Of Internet Domain Name Disputes, Christopher S. Lee

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

Web surfers who use the AltaVista Internet search engine may not realize that in 1998, Compaq Computer Corporation paid $3.3 million for the rights to the domain name AltaVista.com. A year later, eCompanies paid $7.5 million for the domain name business.com. And in February of 2000, Bank of America paid $3 million for the domain name loans.com. These transactions demonstrate that the ownership, transfer, and control of Internet domain names is a multi-million dollar industry.

Negotiating In The Shadow Of Outlaws:* A Problem-Solving Paradigm For Unconventional Opponents, Stephanie R. Nicolas

Florida State University Journal of Transnational Law & Policy

No abstract provided.

Arbitration: Arbitration In The 21st Century: Where We've Been, Where We're Going, Todd Baker

Oklahoma Law Review

No abstract provided.

Role Of Federal Courts In Assisting International Arbitration - National Broadcasting Co. V. Bear Stearns & (And) Co., The, Thurston K. Cromwell

Journal of Dispute Resolution

This Note examines a Second Circuit decision that determined private, international arbitration proceedings do not qualify for the same discovery assistance as do foreign, governmental proceedings under 28 U.S.C. § 1782 ("§ 1782"). This Note will focus on the Second Circuit's controversial interpretation of § 1782 and its impact on the future of private, international arbitration.

Title Page

Journal of Dispute Resolution

No abstract provided.

Table Of Contents - Issue 1

Journal of Dispute Resolution

No abstract provided.

Future Of Adr - The Earl F. Nelson Memorial Lecture, The, Frank E. A. Sander

Journal of Dispute Resolution

Because I've been fortunate to observe the ADR scene for much of its recent development, I'm often asked my views of where we stand now. My somewhat flip answer is, "On Monday, Wednesday and Friday, I think we've made amazing progress. On Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, ADR seems more like a grain of sand on the adversary system beach." So I think we have a way to go. Let me try to elaborate a little on those thoughts

Continuing The Conversation About The Current Status And The Future Of Adr: A View From The Courts, Wayne D. Brazil

Journal of Dispute Resolution

In this essay I would like to complement the picture that Professor Sander has presented by adding information about and commentary from the perspective of the courts. After offering some general observations about the current status of ADR in the courts, I will describe what I think the near-term future looks like. Then I will articulate values that we need to take special care to preserve in court-sponsored ADR programs. I also will identify dangers that we, as courts, must try to avoid on the road ahead. Along the way, I will respond specifically to three of the concerns that …

Variations In Mediation: How - And Why - Legal Mediators Change Styles In The Course Of A Case, Dwight Golann

Journal of Dispute Resolution

I will seek to show in this article that professional legal mediators in fact use a variety of styles, and that they change their approach constantly during a single mediation, even within a single meeting with a disputant. I will argue that these stylistic changes are the norm rather than the exception in the mediation of civil legal disputes and that the use of evaluative techniques is also frequent, even among those mediators who favor a broad, facilitative approach. Finally, I will describe the contrasting styles that the filmed mediators used in the same dispute and argue that these variations …

Some Reflections On Adr, James F. Henry

Journal of Dispute Resolution

It may be time for practitioners and theorists who have contributed quality and innovation to the ADR movement to declare victory. It also may be time to "cut and run," because ADR must address some difficult issues if it is to realize its full potential. So far, we have assembled an excellent state-of-the-art in a relatively short period, but we have paid relatively little attention to the ADR infrastructure required to fulfill the quality and promises of ADR. It is that delivery system of ADR which will determine the degree of economy, accessability, expedience, innovation and party control that are …

Adr Research At The Crossroads, Deborah R. Hensler

Journal of Dispute Resolution

One of the remarkable aspects of the ADR movement is the empirical research that it has engendered. The granddaddy of court-administered alternative dispute resolution--the pretrial settlement conference--was the occasion for the first experimental study of an innovative legal procedure.' Small claims courts--another early alternative to full-fledged litigation--were put under the microscope in the 1960s.' Over the years, a host of empirical studies on the adoption, implementation and consequences of court ADR programs has been published.'

Is Binding Arbitration A Form Of Adr: An Argument That The Term Adr Has Begun To Outlive Its Usefulness, Jean R. Sternlight

Journal of Dispute Resolution

While the semantic question may be uninteresting, I suggest that it is useful to ask the normative question of how we should categorize binding arbitration.'7 Again, there may be no clear "right" answer. Nevertheless, addressing the question of the appropriate categorization of binding arbitration provides a good means for rethinking the nature of binding arbitration, what we mean by ADR, and how the variety of dispute resolution techniques typically grouped together as ADR relate to litigation. Artificially grouping these disparate processes together under the "ADR" umbrella is beginning to prove problematic. While we may continue to use the phrase in …

Consensual Approaches To Resolving Public Policy Disputes, Brett A. Williams

Journal of Dispute Resolution

This Comment will explore various consensual approaches and their application to public disputes. Specifically, unassisted and assisted negotiation will be examined in detail.9 In addition, the specific application of consensual approaches will be explored in the context of public environmental disputes.'0 Finally, the issue of alternative resolution to public disputes at the federal administrative level will be examined.