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Articles 1 - 30 of 40
Full-Text Articles in Law
Barrock Lecture: Democracy In The Criminal Justice System: An Assessment, Carissa Byrne Hessick
Barrock Lecture: Democracy In The Criminal Justice System: An Assessment, Carissa Byrne Hessick
Marquette Law Review
None.
Racial Discrimination In Jury Selection: The Urgent Need For Sixth Amendment Protections For Black Capital Defendants, Claire Austin
Racial Discrimination In Jury Selection: The Urgent Need For Sixth Amendment Protections For Black Capital Defendants, Claire Austin
Marquette Benefits and Social Welfare Law Review
In the U.S., death row is made up of a disproportionate number of black persons. In capital trials, black defendants often face all white juries. The deep-rooted racial discrimination in the justice system impacts jury selection because prosecutors use peremptory strikes to remove black jurors from the jury panel. As the law stands today, the Sixth Amendment guarantee of an impartial jury made up of a fair representation of the jury applies only to the pool of jurors called in for jury service, not those who are actually selected to hear the case.
This comment analyzes the Supreme Court decision, …
The Legacy Of Trayvon Martin—Neighborhood Watches, Vigilantes, Race, And Our Law Of Self-Defense, Mark S. Brodin
The Legacy Of Trayvon Martin—Neighborhood Watches, Vigilantes, Race, And Our Law Of Self-Defense, Mark S. Brodin
Marquette Law Review
Reflecting back a decade later, what is the enduring significance of the Trayvon Martin case—a Black teenager whose life is violently cut short, and a legal system that accepted his death without consequence? The poet Elizabeth Alexander speaks of “The Trayvon Generation” of Black youth who have grown up in the haunting shadow of his killing, and the anguished parents who cannot protect their children from such a fate. America’s first Black president spoke for them: “When I think about this boy, I think about my own kids. If I had a son, he’d look like Trayvon,” Barack Obama told …
Deconstructing Dog Sniffs At Traffic Stops, Andrea J. Garland
Deconstructing Dog Sniffs At Traffic Stops, Andrea J. Garland
Marquette Law Review
Trial courts often uphold searches of cars at traffic stops when the grounds for the search are that a drug dog established probable cause to think that the vehicle was involved in a drug crime. Traditionally, courts have not considered the sniffs to be searches. The United States Supreme Court has relied on two presumptions to uphold searches based on dog sniffs. These are (1) the dog is trained to only signal the presence of the scent of contraband; and (2) the dog does not physically occupy the vehicle but simply walks around the vehicle.
The First Offense Is Just A Ticket? How Culture And Lobbying Shaped Wisconsin's Drunk Driving Law, And What To Do About It, Noah Wolfenstein
The First Offense Is Just A Ticket? How Culture And Lobbying Shaped Wisconsin's Drunk Driving Law, And What To Do About It, Noah Wolfenstein
Marquette Law Review
Wisconsin is known for, and proud of, its heavy drinking culture. The Badger State also acts as a safe haven for drunk drivers, of which there are many. Most notably, Wisconsin is the only member of the fifty states which does not criminally punish first-time drunk driving offenders. If the Wisconsin legislature has any interest in the public safety of its constituents, then new drunk driving prevention measures must be implemented.
Sovereign, Employer, Community: A Theory Of Military Justice Beyond Discipline, Obedience, And Efficiency, Dan Maurer
Sovereign, Employer, Community: A Theory Of Military Justice Beyond Discipline, Obedience, And Efficiency, Dan Maurer
Marquette Law Review
Unfortunately, when we look for such a theory to understand or legitimate the structure, foundational premises, and evolutionary path of the U.S. military’s separate criminal justice system, we find only a mirage—the blurry image of a super-rationale that simply evaporates the closer we inspect it. There is no theory that sheds light on why the system is what it is, nor how or why it could change further. This Article proposes such a theory. Aside from breaking ground as the first comprehensive theory of military justice in the field’s storied history, it aims to contribute to legislators’, the courts’, commanders’, …
Gender Confirmation Surgery And The Federal Prison System: Eighth Amendment Framework And Proposed Alternatives, Julie Barnett
Gender Confirmation Surgery And The Federal Prison System: Eighth Amendment Framework And Proposed Alternatives, Julie Barnett
Marquette Benefits and Social Welfare Law Review
As reform for individuals with gender dysphoria has developed, the prison system's accommodation of those individuals' needs has underperformed. There have been a number of cases in the past few years where inmates who are experiencing gender dysphoria have not received adequate care in the form of gender confirmation surgery. Four of the Federal Appellate Circuit Courts have decided that a physician's refusal to provide an inmate with gender confirmation surgery is not a violation of the 8th Amendment. One circuit ruled differently and held that denial of the surgery to an inmate experiencing gender dysphoria does violate the 8th …
In The Name Of “Justice”: Shiffra-Green Motions And Their Unintended Harms, Katharine A. Adler
In The Name Of “Justice”: Shiffra-Green Motions And Their Unintended Harms, Katharine A. Adler
Marquette Law Review
Sexual assault victims face many barriers to reporting the violence they have experienced. As few as one-third of sexual assaults are reported to the police and even fewer result in criminal charges. The criminal justice system can be grueling for sexual assault victims and carries with it the possibility of testifying at trial in front of their perpetrators, an experience that is daunting at best and terrifying at worst. Because of how few cases make it into the court system, along with how difficult the process can be for victims, any legal mechanisms that would create an unnecessary barrier to …
Does Public Health Start Within Jails? A New Incentive For Reform Of Wisconsin's Bail System, Mahmood N. Abdellatif
Does Public Health Start Within Jails? A New Incentive For Reform Of Wisconsin's Bail System, Mahmood N. Abdellatif
Marquette Law Review
Wisconsin’s Milwaukee and Dane Counties are among many jurisdictions in the country employing modern bail reforms, specifically the Public Safety Assessment (PSA). Most of these jurisdictions adopted the PSA before the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, but are increasingly relevant as the virus continues to derail public health measures. Through the intersection of detainees, correctional officers, judicial officials, attorneys, and visitors, millions of Americans filter in and out of correctional facilities on an annual basis. These facilities serve as a microcosm of society and breeding ground for mass infection. The COVID-19 pandemic amplified an existing need …
Plea Bargaining For The People, Daniel S. Mcconkie Jr
Plea Bargaining For The People, Daniel S. Mcconkie Jr
Marquette Law Review
Our criminal justice system must be democratic enough to allow for significant citizen participation. Unfortunately, our current system cuts the people out. Instead of juries, plea bargaining professionals like prosecutors, defense attorneys, and judges decide most cases. Plea bargaining does efficiently process cases but, in addition to its well-known coercive aspects that warp case outcomes, ignores what I call “criminal justice citizenship.” This refers to the people’s privilege to participate on an equal basis in the criminal justice system. That participation strengthens our democracy, shores up the legitimacy of the system, and helps to ensure that the system, within constitutional …
A Net For A Cooperator’S Leap Of Faith: The Due Process Need For Universal Acceptance Of Bad Faith Review Of Prosecutors’ Substantial Assistance Determinations In Federal Sentencing, Lucius T. Outlaw
Marquette Law Review
Cooperation is critical to federal criminal cases. For the government, cooperation is vital to securing the leads, information, and evidence needed to successfully investigate and prosecute criminal activity, particularly drug trafficking conspiracies and white-collar fraud crimes. For federal defendants, cooperation is the primary way to reduce their prison time exposure. Therefore, how a defendant’s cooperation is evaluated and translated into sentencing leniency is a significant issue for the government and cooperating defendants. Federal law and sentencing guidelines grant the keys to the
evaluation process to federal prosecutors by requiring a prosecutor’s substantial assistance motion before a judge can grant sentencing …
It’S Time To Put Character Back Into The Character-Evidence Rule, Steven Goode
It’S Time To Put Character Back Into The Character-Evidence Rule, Steven Goode
Marquette Law Review
Federal Rule of Evidence 404(b), which governs the admissibility of other-acts evidence, is a mess, and recently-promulgated amendments will not fix it. The amendments fail to address the two major problems underlying Rule 404(b). First, the rule is based on a categorical judgment about the relative probative value and unfair prejudice of other-acts evidence when offered as character evidence; that is, to prove the defendant acted in accordance with his or her character. In numerous cases, however, other-acts evidence is highly probative and the rule’s categorical judgment is decidedly wrong. Not surprisingly, courts often admit such evidence, typically by erroneously …
Rico Had A Birthday! A Fifty-Year Retrospective Of Questions Answered And Open, Randy D. Gordon
Rico Had A Birthday! A Fifty-Year Retrospective Of Questions Answered And Open, Randy D. Gordon
Marquette Law Review
The Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) came into
the world in 1970, a time of great social upheaval that was accompanied by
shifting attitudes towards both crime and civil litigation. From the outset, the
statute’s complexity, ambiguity, and uncertain purpose have confounded courts
and commentators. At least some doubts as to the statute’s meaning and
application arise because it has criminal and civil components that subject it
to the twin—yet antithetical—social impulses to be “tough on crime” while
containing a perceived “litigation explosion.” In this Article, I situate RICO
in this larger context and offer that context as …
Revenge Of The Sixth: The Constitutional Reckoning Of Pandemic Justice, Brandon Marc Draper
Revenge Of The Sixth: The Constitutional Reckoning Of Pandemic Justice, Brandon Marc Draper
Marquette Law Review
The Sixth Amendment’s criminal jury right is integral to the United States
criminal justice system. While this right is also implicated by the Due Process
Clause, Equal Protection Clause, and several federal and state statutes,
criminal jury trial rates have been declining for decades, down from
approximately 20% to 2% between 1988 to 2018. This dramatic drop in the
rate of criminal jury trials is an effective measure of the decreased access to
fair and constitutional criminal jury trials.
Growing Up Behind Bars: Pathways To Desistance For Juvenile Lifers, Laura S. Abrams, Kaylyn Canlione, D. Michael Applegarth
Growing Up Behind Bars: Pathways To Desistance For Juvenile Lifers, Laura S. Abrams, Kaylyn Canlione, D. Michael Applegarth
Marquette Law Review
In the wake of the landmark Supreme Court decision Miller vs. Alabama, a variety of state laws have paved the way for the resentencing and potential release of “juvenile lifers.” Desistance theories pertaining to youth with histories of violent offending suggest that a blend of maturation, internal motivation and identity shifts, and opportunities to adopt and fulfill adult roles will lead to cessation of criminal behavior. Yet, these theories may not apply to young people serving life sentences, as they have limited opportunity to adopt adult responsibilities while imprisoned, less motivation to desist if freedom is not viewed as attainable …
The Impact Of Incarceration On The Risk Of Violent Recidivism, Jennifer E. Copp
The Impact Of Incarceration On The Risk Of Violent Recidivism, Jennifer E. Copp
Marquette Law Review
Whether incarceration heightens an individual’s likelihood of recidivating is at the center of prison policy discussions. Yet rigorous empirical studies on the nature of the incarceration—recidivism link are limited. As a whole, existing research suggests that the effect of imprisonment, relative to noncustodial sanctions, is either null or slightly criminogenic. These findings call into question the ability of prisons to exert a specific deterrent effect. They also suggest that prisons are failing to address the underlying causes of recidivism among inmate populations. An important consideration, however, is the extent to which the effects of imprisonment are heterogeneous. The current discussion …
Violence Risk Assessment: Current Status And Contemporary Issues, Sarah L. Desmarais, Samantha A. Zottola
Violence Risk Assessment: Current Status And Contemporary Issues, Sarah L. Desmarais, Samantha A. Zottola
Marquette Law Review
Despite the increased use of violence risk assessment instruments in the criminal justice system, they remain the topic of continued discussion and debate. This Article will discuss the state of science and practice as it relates to assessing risk for violent recidivism, highlighting current issues of concern and empirical investigation. We first provide an overview of violence risk assessment and describe the role of violence risk assessments instruments in this process. We then discuss their current status in science and practice, including the accuracy with which violence risk assessment instruments forecast violent recidivism, their impact on criminal justice decisions, and …
Preventing Sexual Violence: Alternatives To Worrying About Recidivism, Eric S. Janus
Preventing Sexual Violence: Alternatives To Worrying About Recidivism, Eric S. Janus
Marquette Law Review
None
Violent Crime And Media Coverage In One City: A Statistical Snapshot, Michael O'Hear
Violent Crime And Media Coverage In One City: A Statistical Snapshot, Michael O'Hear
Marquette Law Review
Many commentators have argued that high levels of public fear and anger regarding violent crime result, at least in part, from distorted coverage of crime in the news media. Among other distortions, it is said that the news media devote greatly disproportionate coverage to the most outrageous instances of violent crime, and that the media fail to provide information that would helpfully contextualize the offenses or humanize the perpetrators. In order to test these latter claims, crime stories from a daily newspaper and an Internet news site in one mid-sized city were collected for one year. As expected, in comparison …
Balancing Sorna And The Sixth Amendment: The Case For A "Restricted Circumstance-Specific Approach", John F. Howard
Balancing Sorna And The Sixth Amendment: The Case For A "Restricted Circumstance-Specific Approach", John F. Howard
Marquette Law Review
The Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act (SORNA) is in place to protect the public, children especially, from sex offenders. Under SORNA, anyone and everyone convicted of what the law defines as a “sex offense” is required to register as a “sex offender,” providing accurate and up-to-date information on where they live, work, and go to school. Failure to do so constitutes a federal crime punishable by up to ten years imprisonment. But how do federal courts determine whether a particular state-level criminal offense constitutes a “sex offense” under SORNA? Oftentimes when doing comparisons between state and federal law for …
Factually Baseless Enforcement Of Criminal Law Is Okay. Full Enforcement Is Not., Darryl K. Brown
Factually Baseless Enforcement Of Criminal Law Is Okay. Full Enforcement Is Not., Darryl K. Brown
Marquette Law Review
none.
The Interrogations Of Brendan Dassey, Brian Gallini
The Interrogations Of Brendan Dassey, Brian Gallini
Marquette Law Review
On March 1, 2006, a pair of detectives interrogated sixteen-year-old Brendan Dassey—one of two defendants prominently featured in the 2015 Netflix series Making a Murderer—for several hours about his role in the October 31, 2005, disappearance of photographer Teresa Halbach. The prosecution introduced statements obtained during that interrogation at Dassey’s trial. With no corroborating physical evidence, those statements—including that Dassey cut Halbach’s throat—played a significant role in his conviction for Halbach’s murder.
Following his conviction, Dassey’s appellate arguments about the legitimacy of his confession focused on his March 1, 2006, confession. Most recently, his petition for a writ of certiorari …
Mens Rea In Comparative Perspective
Mens Rea In Comparative Perspective
Marquette Law Review
This Essay compares and contrasts the American and civilian approaches to mens rea. The comparative analysis generates two important insights. First, it is preferable to have multiple forms of culpability than to have only two. Common law bipartite distinctions such as general and specific intent fail to fully make sense of our moral intuitions. The same goes for the civilian distinction between dolus (intent) and culpa (negligence). Second, attitudinal mental states should matter for criminalization and grading decisions. Nevertheless, adding attitudinal mental states to our already complicated mens rea framework may end up confusing juries instead of helping them. As …
Collateral Consequences And Criminal Justice: Future Policy And Constitutional Directions
Collateral Consequences And Criminal Justice: Future Policy And Constitutional Directions
Marquette Law Review
National policy with respect to collateral consequences is receiving more attention than it has in decades. This article outlines and explains some of the reasons for the new focus. The legal system is beginning to recognize that for many people convicted of crime, the greatest effect is not imprisonment, but being marked as a criminal and subjected to legal disabilities. Consequences can include loss of civil rights, loss of public benefits, and ineligibility for employment, licenses, and permits. The United States, the 50 states, and their agencies and subdivisions impose collateral consequences—often applicable for life—based on convictions from any jurisdiction. …
Collateral Consequences For Justice-Involved Youth: A Model Approach To Reducing The Number Of Collateral Consequences, Jennica Janssen
Collateral Consequences For Justice-Involved Youth: A Model Approach To Reducing The Number Of Collateral Consequences, Jennica Janssen
Marquette Benefits and Social Welfare Law Review
Collateral consequences—stigma and disadvantages individuals face after becoming entangled in the legal system—for justiceinvolved youth differ by jurisdiction and number in the thousands. Although the American Bar Association (ABA) and the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) advocated for the reduction of juvenile collateral consequences over five years ago, after an initial surge in activism, the movement lost momentum. The Federal Advisory Committee on Juvenile Justice and several non-profit, public interest law firms, continue to advocate for the clarification of juvenile collateral consequences and the elimination of specific sanctions. This Note recognizes the importance of gathering juvenile collateral …
Sentencing Through The Media: How The Media Can Help Strengthen Legal Sanctions Against Sexual Assault By College Athletes, Samantha C. Huddleston
Sentencing Through The Media: How The Media Can Help Strengthen Legal Sanctions Against Sexual Assault By College Athletes, Samantha C. Huddleston
Marquette Sports Law Review
None
An Intersectional Approach To Homelessness: Discrimination And Criminalization
An Intersectional Approach To Homelessness: Discrimination And Criminalization
Marquette Benefits and Social Welfare Law Review
The purpose of this essay is to address discrimination against homeless people. First of all, the theory of intersectionality will be explained and then applied as a method of analysis. The complexity of defining homelessness will be tackled, focusing on the difficulties encountered when approaching this concept. I will discuss notions of protected ground and immutability of personal characteristics, then outline an intersectional approach to homelessness. Intersectional discrimination has not yet been applied by many courts and tribunals, but Canada has proven to be a vanguard in this area. For this reason, Canadian case law has been chosen as the …
The Prosecution Of Climate Change Dissent
The Prosecution Of Climate Change Dissent
Marquette Benefits and Social Welfare Law Review
A May 2015 op-ed in the Washington Post by Sen. Sheldon Whitehouse (D. RI) accused the fossil fuel industry of funding a campaign to mislead Americans about the environmental harm caused by carbon pollution. The Attorney Generals of New York and Massachusetts began investigating Exxon Mobil. We look at these two investigations through the lenses of the federal mail and wire fraud statutes (at issue in the racketeering case against big tobacco), and the First Amendment.
We analyze the difficulty of prosecuting someone under the federal mail and wire fraud statutes for expressing an opinion, and discuss why scientific statements …
Humility In Criminal Justice: What It Might Invite Us To Reconsider, Dean A. Strang
Humility In Criminal Justice: What It Might Invite Us To Reconsider, Dean A. Strang
Marquette Law Review
Imagine how our system of criminal justice might look different if one value ascended in the system's hierarchy of values: humility. Day to day, in my work, I do not see much humility among police officers, defense lawyers, prosecutors, probation agents, and judges. This is noteworthy, given how unavoidability uncertain--or at least contestable or close--many of the outcomes in our trial and appellate courts are to an objective eye. Even when the basic facts on guilt are fairly certain, the right sentence often is not. I propose that humility is an essential value that, properly understood, is tied to liberty; …
Socializing The Subject Of Criminal Law? Criminal Responsibility And The Purposes Of Criminalization, Nicola Lacey
Socializing The Subject Of Criminal Law? Criminal Responsibility And The Purposes Of Criminalization, Nicola Lacey
Marquette Law Review
none