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Demanding Individual Rights And Civil Liberties: An Iranian Approach, Zahra Takhshid

Zahra Takhshid

Iran has a long history of social movements and revolutions. The 1906 Constitutional Revolution led to the recognition of individual rights as part of Iran’s first Constitution. With the Islamic Revolution of 1979, a new constitution was enacted, which devoted one chapter to “the Rights of the Nation.”

The Constitution has introduced several methods to protect the recognized rights: the Guardian Council, the Tribunal of Administrative Justice, and the Commission of Article 90.

In addition to the institutions introduced in the Constitution, the Legislature and the Executive branch proposed new safeguarding procedures and adopted new statutes, which recognized broader range …

The Layha For The Mujahideen: An Analysis Of The Code Of Conduct For The Taliban Fighters Under Islamic Law, Muhammad Munir Dr.

Dr. Muhammad Munir

The following article focuses on the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan Rules for the Mujahideen to determine their conformity with the Islamic jus in bello. This code of conduct, or Layha, for Taliban fighters highlights limiting suicide attacks, avoiding civilian casualties, and winning the battle for the hearts and minds of the local civilian population. However, it has altered rules or created new ones for punishing captives that have not previously been used in Islamic military and legal history. Other rules disregard the principle of distinction between combatants and civilians and even allow perfidy, which is strictly prohibited in both Islamic …

The Protection Of Women And Children In Islamic Law And International Humanitarian Law: A Critique Of John Kelsay”, Hamdard Islamicus, Xxv (3) (July-September 2002), Pp. 69-82, Muhammad Munir Dr.

Dr. Muhammad Munir

Islam introduced the most humane rules in warfare before other religions or faiths could do it. Most authors acknowledge this fact, however, John Kelsay, Fredrick Donner, and few others doubt Islam's enormous contribution to bring in humanity in warfare. These authors assume that Islam has learned humanitarian principles, such as the principle of distinction, from the pre-Islamic practices; that Imam Al-Shafi'i allowed the killing of all women whether combatant or non-combatant; that even the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) allowed the killing of women and children; and that women and children can be enslaved. This work completely rebuts all …