Law Commons^™

Zombies Attack Inadvertent Partnerships!—How Undead Precedents Killed By Uniform Statutes Still Roam The Reporters, Joseph K. Leahy

University of Richmond Law Review

Recently, the Texas Supreme Court breathed new life into some ancient zombies—zombie precedents, that is!—which have long lurked in the shadows of the nation’s partnership formation caselaw. This Article tells the story of those undead cases—describing them, debunking them, and plotting their demise.

This zombie tale begins with the supposed black-letter law of partnership formation. In nearly every state, formation of a general partnership is governed by one of two uniform partnership acts. Under both acts, a business relationship ripens into a partnership whenever the statutory definition of partnership is satisfied. The parties’ intent to become “partners” (or not) is …

Cftc & Sec: The Wild West Of Cryptocurrency Regulation, Taylor Anne Moffett

University of Richmond Law Review

Over the past few years, a turf war has been brewing between the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) over which agency should regulate cryptocurrencies. Both agencies have pursued numerous enforcement actions over the cryptocurrencies they believe to be within their jurisdiction. This turf war has many moving components, but the focus always comes back to one question: which cryptocurrencies are commodities, and which cryptocurrencies are securities? The distinction is important because the CFTC has statutory authority to regulate commodities, whereas the SEC has statutory authority to regulate securities. This Comment rejects the pursuit …

What's Driving Acquisitions? An In-Depth Analysis Of Ceo Drivers Determining Modern Form Acquisition Strategy, Jennifer E. Wuebker

University of Richmond Law Review

Part I provides an overview of the acquisition landscape, including

a brief history of the prevalence and success of acquisitions

as well as an analysis of acquisitions today. Part II outlines

the acquisition process and highlights the importance and dynamics

of decision making, both in principle and in practice. Part

III explores two theories of acquisitive strategy driving CEO decision

making: value enhancement and private interest. Part IV

analyzes the implications of CEO personality and psychological

drivers on acquisition strategy and decision making. This article

argues that CEO traits are central decision drivers, but that no

particular set of traits …

Forfeiting Federalism: The Faustian Pact With Big Tobacco, Ryan D. Dreveskracht

Richmond Journal of Law and the Public Interest

This article discusses the effects of the largest legal settlement in United States history: the so-called Master Settlement Agreement , or "MSA." Part I discusses the settlement generally, and its intended effect on the U.S. tobacco market. Parts II through IV discuss the unintended consequences of the settlement.' Part II considers how states got into their current disarray, and how a perceived state windfall of billions of dollars ended up putting states on what by all accounts now appears to be very real risk of insolvency. Part III examines how the major tobacco companies are using the states' dire financial …

Forfeiting Federalism: The Faustian Pact With Big Tobacco, Ryan D. Dreveskracht

Richmond Public Interest Law Review

This article discusses the effects of the largest legal settlement in United States history: the so-called Master Settlement Agreement , or "MSA." Part I discusses the settlement generally, and its intended effect on the U.S. tobacco market. Parts II through IV discuss the unintended consequences of the settlement.' Part II considers how states got into their current disarray, and how a perceived state windfall of billions of dollars ended up putting states on what by all accounts now appears to be very real risk of insolvency. Part III examines how the major tobacco companies are using the states' dire financial …

Advancing An Adaptive Standard Of Strict Scrutiny For Content-Based Commercial Speech Regulation, Nat Stern, Mark Joseph Stern

University of Richmond Law Review

No abstract provided.

Deepening Confidence In The Application Of Cisg To The Sales Agreements Between The United States And Japanese Companies, Yoshimochi Taniguchi

Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business

Parties to contracts between U.S. and Japanese companies usually agree to exclude the application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (“CISG”) from the sales agreement due to concerns about how the CISG will be interpreted and/or incompatibility with U.S. or Japanese law or both. In this paper, the author will suggest that the more countries amend their laws in accordance with CISG standards and the more national courts develop a unified interpretation of the CISG, the more the CISG will represent harmonized law, and as such, contracting parties should not exclude it.

This …

Mixed Agendas And Government Regulation Of Business: Can We Clean Up The Mess?, Thomas M. Arnold, Jerry L. Stevens

University of Richmond Law Review

The purpose of this article is first to navigate through variousperspectives on government regulation in an effort to develop areasonable and consistent view for regulatory proposals. Parts II and III of this article provide a brief outline of our current regulatory environment and its evolution. Part IV presents arguments for an efficient regulation of business by using market based regulation with a separation of efficiency and equity issues, where feasible. Examples of this regulatory approach appear throughout the article along with suggested reforms.

The Immediate And Lasting Impacts Of The 2008 Economic Collapse--Lehman Brothers, General Motors, And The Secured Credit Markets, Edward J. Estrada

University of Richmond Law Review

This article analyzes the early days of the credit crisis as well as two of the largest casualties of that period-Lehman Brothers and General Motors. In addition, by focusing on the bankruptcy proceedings of these two entities as well as other judicial decisions rendered since the financial crisis began, it examines the role that courts have played in the crisis.

Orderly Liquidation Authority: A New Insolvency Regime To Address Systemic Risk, Hollace T. Cohen

University of Richmond Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Silver Lining In The Red Giant: China's Residential Mortgage Laws Promote Temperance Among The Surging Middle Class, Clayton D. Laforge

University of Richmond Law Review

This comment examines the rise of China's middle class and proactive governance to protect its economy from a housing bubble during the global downturn. An analysis of recently enacted Chinese labor and corporate laws demonstrates how the government facilitated the rise of the middle class. The comment discusses the ramifications of strict domestic residential mortgage regulations and how China's tempered investment structure secured its domestic housing market. Part II of this comment examines China's investment and consumption patterns compared to domestic growth. Part III discusses how the surging middle class grew to seek investment opportunities in the real estate market …

The Recent Amendments To Ucc Article 9: Problems And Solutions, David Frisch

University of Richmond Law Review

This article examines three of the forthcoming amendments to Article 9 in some detail: (1) the required name of an individual on a financing statement; (2) the perfection of collateral following the debtor's relocation to a new jurisdiction; and (3) collateral acquired by a new debtor. In the interest of brevity, the discussion of other, less noteworthy, amendments of the statutory text and Official Comments is not as complete. The primary purpose of this article is to offer guidance to legal professionals confronting particular issues under current and future Article 9.

The United Nations Sale Convention: Delimitation, Influences, And Concurrent Application Of Domestic Law, Tamo Zwinge

Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business

The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods ("CISG"or "Convention") aims to create uniform international sales law to facilitate international trade. However, there are numerous sources of divergence in interpretation and application of the Convention in different jurisdictions. It is therefore possi- ble that courts of different countries interpret the words of the Convention differently. This article investigates the major influences of domestic law on the Convention's interpretation and application. Notably, the so-called "homeward trend" of interpreters is discussed. Furthermore, the article scrutinizes the scope of Article 4 of the CISG in order to delimitate the …

Reconciling Shareholder Limited Liability With Vicarious Copyright Liability: Holding Parent Corporations Liable For The Copyright Infringement Of Subsidiaries, Joshua M. Siegel

University of Richmond Law Review

No abstract provided.

Daimlerchrysler V. Cuno: An Escape From The Dormant Commerce Clause Quagmire?, S. Mohsin Reza

University of Richmond Law Review

No abstract provided.

Product Liability Law, Gary J. Spahn, Brent M. Timberlake

University of Richmond Law Review

While Virginia is not typically seen as "progressive" in the field of product liability law, the Commonwealth is nonetheless a forum in which these product liability battles take place. This article summarizes selected decisions of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, federal district courts in Virginia, and courts of the Commonwealth issued between July 1, 2004 and May 15, 2005. This article also includes a discussion of the most relevant legislative changes made by the Virginia General Assembly over the same time period. While a complete analysis of every decision and statute affecting product liability is …

Technology Law, J. Douglas Cuthbertson, Glen L. Gross

University of Richmond Law Review

No abstract provided.

Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act: Bringing Commercial Law Into The 21st Century, Richard L. Grier, Nancyellen Keane, Peter A. Gilbert

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

The e-commerce revolution has redefined the way business is transacted everywhere. Meanwhile, the body of commercial law lags behind the fast pace of technological changes and has yet to effectively address the numerous issues presented by radical changes in the world of commerce such as electronic contracts, electronic signatures, shrinkwrap agreements, and click-wrap agreements. In an effort to establish the Commonwealth of Virginia as a national leader on this subject, in 2000 the Virginia General Assembly passed the Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act ("UCITA"). UCITA legislation has been introduced in a handful of other states but the only other state …

The Taxation Of E-Commerce: The Inapplicability Of Physical Presence Necessitates An Economic Presence Standard, Kathleen P. Lundy

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

The explosive growth of electronic commerce has served as a catalyst for immense economic growth. Virtually every aspect of traditional commerce now has some presence on the Internet. As such, the way people shop for clothing, cars, airline tickets, and even groceries, has been changed forever. However, these developments may also have drawbacks. As more and more traditional brick-and-mortar stores transfer their operations to the Internet, there are many unintended consequences. The traditional infrastructure of retail stores may slowly begin to erode. Similarly, jobs in the retail industry may be eliminated in favor of more efficient, more cost-effective Internet technology.

University Of Richmond Law Review

University of Richmond Law Review

No abstract provided.

Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Revised Article 9: A Primer For The General Practitioner, David Frisch

University of Richmond Law Review

These are exciting times for commercial lawyers. Over the past fifteen years, the sponsoring organizations of the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC or the Code), the American Law Institute (ALI) and the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws (NCCUSL), have been hard at work to keep the UCC responsive to contemporary needs. Aside from periodic adjustments to existing UCC articles that reflect societal changes, two new articles have been added to cover commercial activity previously governed by the common law of contract. In 1998, the ALI and NCCUSL gave their approval to the final text of the newest version …

E-Business, E-Commerce & The Law, John F. Rudin

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

Advocates argue that UCITA (Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act) provides rules of the road for the technology highway much like the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) has done with our commerce system for several decades. However, the UCC provides a level playing field where businesses and customers are aware of the rules prior to conducting business. Among its many shortcomings, UCITA lacks the notice and disclosure features of the UCC. A simple double click of a mouse with the cursor on an icon that reads "I accept" binds the customer to a contract that has not been reviewed prior to purchase. …

A Literalist Proposes Four Modest Revisions To U.C.C. Article 3, Timothy R. Zinnecker

University of Richmond Law Review

I first taught a Payment Systems class during the fall of 1994. Not having taken the course in law school, and bringing very little "real world" experience in this area of commercial law to the classroom, I approached the task of teaching the course with some degree of fear and trepidation. I had already taught Secured Transactions, so I was familiar with the challenges of teaching a statutory course to a reluctant audience scarred by horror stories of their predecessors. I also audited a Payment Systems course taught by a colleague during the summer, so I had a good start …

City Of Cincinnati V. Discovery Network, Inc.: Towards Heightened Scrutiny For Truthful Commercial Speech?, Robert T. Cahill Jr.

University of Richmond Law Review

Only recently' has the Supreme Court given First Amendment protection to commercial speech. Initially, the Court refused to extend constitutional protection to commercial utterances. In Valentine v. Chrestensen, the Court, without citing any precedent, held that "we are equally clear that the Constitution imposes no such restraint on government as respects purely commercial advertising." However, soon after the Chrestensen decision, in the wake of post-war economic development, the Court began to express doubt about its validity. This doubt eventually culminated in Virginia State Board of Pharmacy v. Virginia Citizens Consumer Council.

University Of Richmond Law Review

University of Richmond Law Review

No abstract provided.

Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Commercial Law, Michael J. Herbert

University of Richmond Law Review

This survey of commercial law in Virginia discusses significant Uniform Commercial Code ("Code") cases decided by the Virginia Supreme Court during the past year, as well as all significant statutory changes made to the Code during the 1991 session of the General Assembly. It also reviews selected Code cases decided in the Virginia circuit courts and in the various federal courts sitting in Virginia.

University Of Richmond Law Review

University of Richmond Law Review

No abstract provided.

Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Commercial Law, Michael J. Herbert

University of Richmond Law Review

This survey of commercial law discusses all Supreme Court of Virginia cases interpreting Virginia's version of the Uniform Commercial Code (the "Code" or the "U.C.C.") during the previous year, as well as statutory changes made to the Code in the most recent session of the General Assembly. It also reviews significant Code cases decided in the Virginia circuit courts and in the various federal courts sitting in Virginia. It is current as of about May 1, 1990.

University Of Richmond Law Review

University of Richmond Law Review

No abstract provided.

Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Commercial Law, Michael J. Herbert

University of Richmond Law Review

This survey of commercial law discusses all Supreme Court of Virginia cases interpreting Virginia's version of the Uniform Commercial Code (the "Code") during the previous year, as well as statutory changes made to the Code in the most recent session of the General Assembly. It also reviews significant Code cases decided in the Virginia circuit courts and in the various federal courts sitting in Virginia. It is current as of about May 1, 1989.