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Full-Text Articles in Law
Incentives For Peace And Profits: Federal Legislation To Encourage U.S. Enterprises To Invest In Arab-Israeli Joint Ventures, Daniel Lubetzky
Incentives For Peace And Profits: Federal Legislation To Encourage U.S. Enterprises To Invest In Arab-Israeli Joint Ventures, Daniel Lubetzky
Michigan Journal of International Law
This article proposes a set of provisions that would encourage U.S. companies and entities to invest in joint ventures with Israeli and Arab partners in the Middle East. The immediate effect of these provisions would be to revive and fortify the economies of that region. The long-term objectives behind the enactment of such incentives would be threefold: (1) to improve the prospects for peace and stability in the Middle East; (2) to enhance the strategic and political standing of the United States in the Middle East; and (3) to increase the long-term international competitiveness of U.S. businesses.
State Aids And European Community Law, Hans-Jorg Niemeyer
State Aids And European Community Law, Hans-Jorg Niemeyer
Michigan Journal of International Law
This article provides an overview of EC State aid rules, focusing on recent Commission policy and recent judgments of the Court of Justice on State aids. In Part I, some general points, such as what may constitute a State aid, are considered. In Part II, the procedural aspects are dealt with in more detail, with emphasis on the notification process, and the procedure for reviewing State aids. Part III examines the recovery of illegally granted aids, and the defenses a beneficiary may assert. Next, Part IV sets out the remedies available for breach of the State aid rules, including the …
Renegotiating Transnational Investment Agreements: Lessons For Develping Countries From The Ghana-Valco Experience, Paul Kuruk
Michigan Journal of International Law
This article describes the use of the renegotiation process to resolve problems that arise in the relations between participants in transnational investment. It draws conclusions from the successful renegotiation of an agreement executed in 1962 under which the Ghanaian government guaranteed bauxite and hydroelectric power supplies to support the smelting operations of the Volta Aluminium Company, Limited (Valco) in return for revenues from taxes and from payments for electricity, water, and use of the country's port facilities. The agreement between Ghana and Valco was entered into as part of the Volta River Project (VRP). This project was an investment scheme …
The Case For Employee Ownership In Overseas Operations Of U.S. Multinational Enterprises In Central America, William G. Hopping
The Case For Employee Ownership In Overseas Operations Of U.S. Multinational Enterprises In Central America, William G. Hopping
Michigan Journal of International Law
Part II of this note explains the relevance of using U.S. direct investment in Central America as a starting point for encouraging employee ownership. Part III describes the essential legal framework of the ESOP in the U.S., providing a framework from which to adapt the ESOP to other countries. Part IV argues that all parties participating in this form of expanded ownership will realize significant short and long-term benefits, but points out some problems of transferring ESOPs, a U.S. legal innovation, to different cultural and business environments. Part V presents some of the legal and economic issues of adapting ESOPs, …
Investment Incentives And Guarantees In The Republic Of China, The Republic Of Korea, Thailand, And The People's Republic Of China, Barbara J. Martin
Investment Incentives And Guarantees In The Republic Of China, The Republic Of Korea, Thailand, And The People's Republic Of China, Barbara J. Martin
Michigan Journal of International Law
This note will focus on direct investment in four countries in Southeast Asia: the Republic of China (ROC), the Republic of Korea (ROK or South Korea), Thailand, and the People's Republic of China (PRC). Despite similar goals, these four countries differ significantly in their treatment of foreign investors.
The Impact Of Industrial Legislation On The Behavior Of Multinational Enterprises And Labor In The Industrializing Countries Of East And Southeast Asia, Kojo Yelpaala
Michigan Journal of International Law
The phenomenon of industrial legislation is not new in the world. Several industrialized, non-industrialized, capitalist, and socialist countries all have at different stages in their development used industrial legislation for the achievement of industrial goals, development targets and national welfare objectives. This legislation has generally addressed labor relations, taxes, plant location, exchange controls, and capital controls. What is perhaps new is its focus on the behavior of Multinational Enterprises (MNE). The emergence of the MNE on the world economic scene has introduced an elusive but important element in the industrial policy calculus of nations.
United Kingdom Regulation Of Transnational Corporate Concentration, J. Denys Gribbin
United Kingdom Regulation Of Transnational Corporate Concentration, J. Denys Gribbin
Michigan Journal of International Law
This article begins by describing the United Kingdom's policy toward outward and inward direct investment and then sets out the essentials of the competition laws that are among the major, nondiscriminatory regulatory mechanisms that affect corporate behavior and planning. The article also analyzes the development of competition policy as a microeconomic instrument along with its application to monopoly, oligopoly, and cartels involving transnational corporations. Competition policy, except for cartels, is shown to be relatively benign toward mergers until recently, and with respect to monopoly and oligopoly has sought remedies in regulation of prices and behavior rather than through structural change. …
Regulation Of Concentration Through Merger Control: Germany's Continuing Efforts, Kurt Stockmann
Regulation Of Concentration Through Merger Control: Germany's Continuing Efforts, Kurt Stockmann
Michigan Journal of International Law
The Federal Republic of Germany's Law Against Restraints on Competition (the ARC), establishes an extensive regime for regulating market-dominating enterprises. Therefore, large corporations, both national and multinational, are the subject of particular scrutiny in the Federal Republic. Rather than identify and address all the provisions pertinent to corporate concentration (a task whose tedium would be matched only by its enormity), this analysis will undertake three tasks: (1) briefly describe the general scope of West German merger law, (2) discuss the application of the law to cases of transnational concentration, and (3) explain the proposed Fourth Amendment to the ARC as …
Regulating Multinational Corporate Concentration-The European Economic Community, John Temple Lang
Regulating Multinational Corporate Concentration-The European Economic Community, John Temple Lang
Michigan Journal of International Law
It is the purpose of this article to discuss the policies and goals of the efforts of the European Communities to regulate multinational corporate concentration. For reasons that will become clear in the course of the article, it is necessary to start by outlining the means available to the European Communities, both presently and potentially, to promote these policies. It is not possible to see what those policies might be or how they are likely to develop without understanding the practical implications of the various legal rules on which the Community might rely in the future. This article does not …
Supranational Regulation Of Transnational Corporations: The Unctad And Ctc Efforts, James D. Kurek
Supranational Regulation Of Transnational Corporations: The Unctad And Ctc Efforts, James D. Kurek
Michigan Journal of International Law
The focus of this article is the current United Nations’ efforts designed to influence the activities of transnational corporations (TNCs) and other participants in the foreign investment arena, with special attention being given to those provisions which deal with concentration. The efforts to be discussed are primarily centered in the U. N. Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the U. N. Economic and Social Council's Commission on Transnational Corporations (CTC). Since the approach and methods employed by these two bodies differ in several significant respects, each will be considered separately. The concluding discussion examines a variety of views on …