Law Commons^™

An Approach To The Regulation Of Spanish Banking Foundations, Miguel Martínez

Miguel Martínez

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the legal framework governing banking foundations as they have been regulated by Spanish Act 26/2013, of December 27th, on savings banks and banking foundations. Title 2 of this regulation addresses a construct that is groundbreaking for the Spanish legal system, still of paramount importance for the entire financial system insofar as these foundations become the leading players behind certain banking institutions given the high interest that foundations hold in the share capital of such institutions.

Resituating The Automatic Stay Within The Federal Common Law Of Bankruptcy, Daniel J. Sheffner

Daniel Sheffner

Many bankruptcy judges and practitioners make broad references to the equitable powers of bankruptcy courts. Bankruptcy courts, they exclaim, are “courts of equity” and so may do as “equity” requires. One often-cited source of bankruptcy courts’ apparently vast equitable and supplemental powers is § 105(a) of the Bankruptcy Code. Section 105(a) empowers bankruptcy courts to “issue any order, process, or judgment that is necessary or appropriate to carry out the provisions of” the Code. Section 105(a) has been cited as the basis for re-imposing the Bankruptcy Code’s automatic stay once the stay has been terminated or otherwise modified. The automatic …

Divorcing Into Debt: How Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention And Consumer Protection Act Created A New Class Member In America's Debtors' Prisons, Bobby A. Lean Jr.

Bobby A Lean Jr.

This paper takes a look into BAPCPA and how 11 U.S.C. § 523(a)(15) of the bankruptcy code creates a debtors' prison. It then compares the Florida courts and the Ohio courts and how creditors can use this section to potentially jail their debtors. Using policy analysis the paper turns to possible solutions and the cost there of.

Nature Of Deposite Contarct In Iran Civil Laws, Mohamad Ali Ali Yousefkhani Mr, Shohre Kananizadeh

Mohamad Ali Ali Yousefkhani

In recent years many people would rather investing their capital into an outstanding bank , and buying companies debenture instead of to save their money and specified properties such as real states , therefore we see that some companies are bankrupted due to economy boomed and high taxation , this here it may be people capitals has ruined because of an unknown events so if they were not aware law it would be lost its money . In this article we want to consider various mechanism among some countries .

Crowdsourcing (Bankruptcy) Fee Control, Matthew Bruckner

Matthew Adam Bruckner

In this article, I explore how crowdsourcing can help reduce the cost of professional representation in corporate bankruptcy cases. The cost of professional representation in bankruptcy cases is currently a hot topic, with oral argument haven taken place before the U.S. Supreme Court in Baker Botts L.L.P. v. Asarco, L.L.C. in February 2015, which case addressed various issues raised in my article. In brief, the fees of lawyers, investment bankers, and other bankruptcy professionals has been spiraling out of control because chapter 11’s existing fee control system is broken. That system can neither identify nor control professional overcharging, which empirical …

Through The Lens Of Innovation, Mirit Eyal-Cohen

Mirit Eyal-Cohen

The legal system constantly follows the footsteps of innovation and attempts to discourage its migration overseas. Yet, present legal rules that inform and explain entrepreneurial circumstances lack a core understanding of the concept of innovation. By its nature, law imposes order. It provides rules, remedies, and classifications that direct behavior in a consistent manner. Innovation turns on the contrary. It entails making creative judgments about the unknown. It involves adapting to disarray. It thrives on deviations as opposed to traditional causation. This Article argues that these differences matter. It demonstrates that current laws lock entrepreneurs into inefficient legal routes. Using …

Examining Success, Jonathan C. Lipson

Jonathan C. Lipson

Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code presumes that managers will remain in possession and control of a corporate debtor. This presents an obvious agency problem: these same managers may have gotten the company into trouble in the first place. The Bankruptcy Code thus includes checks and balances in the reorganization process, one of which is supposed to be an “examiner,” a private individual appointed to investigate and report on the debtor’s collapse.

We study their use in practice. Extending prior research, we find that examiners are exceedingly rare, despite the fact that they should be “mandatory” in large cases ($5 …

Flexible Finality In Bankruptcy: The Right To Appeal A Denial Of Plan Confirmation, Joseph L. Nepowada

Joseph L Nepowada

This Article examines the current state of the law interpreting what “finality” means in context of a bankruptcy proceeding and what effect that interpretation has on the appealability of certain orders, such as the denial of plan confirmation under a Chapter 13 bankruptcy proceeding. The article highlights nine courts of appeals and their decisions concerning the appealability of a denial of a plan confirmation and it is apparent that the courts are split with three courts of appeal allowing a debtor to appeal a denial of plan confirmation as a matter of right, while six courts of appeal will deny …

Worlds Colliding: Competition Policy And Bankruptcy Fire Sales, Max Huffman

Max Huffman

Modern business bankruptcies commonly involve mergers and acquisitions pursued as “fire sales.” The bankruptcy forum and the unique incentives bankruptcy creates allow those acquisitions to take place with reduced constituent involvement and regulatory oversight. Those fire sale transactions may present antitrust concerns where they lead to undue concentration in the relevant marketplace. This paper studies the poorly explored tension between bankruptcy law, which favors mergers and acquisitions as value-maximizing propositions and creates opportunity for fire sales, and antitrust law, which disfavors combinations leading to undue concentrations of economic power. The substantial tension manifests both as a matter of substantive law …

Remembrance Of Claims Past: The Due Process Owed To Unknown And Unknowable Future Claimants In Light Of Williams V. Placid Oil Co. (In Re Placid Oil Co.), Amir Shachmurove

Amir Shachmurove

For more than two decades, whenever a debtor potentially subject to “mass tort” suits predicated on such latent injuries has filed a bankruptcy petition under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code, courts have struggled with how to classify such causes of action as Code “claims” under § 101 and how to ensure the notice guaranteed by the Due Process Clause of the Constitution’s Fifth Amendment is effectively afforded to these actions’ holders. In an area of bankruptcy law still influenced by its two earliest cases — In re Johns-Manville Corp. (“Manville”) and In re A. H. Robins Co. (“A.H. Robins”) …

Purchasing Claims And Changing Votes: Establishing "Cause" Under Rule 3018(A), Amir Shachmurove

Amir Shachmurove

Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code gives creditors whose rights will be impaired the right to vote to accept or reject a proposed plan of reorganization. Bankruptcy law subjects this right of franchise to two limitations. Section 1126(e) provides that a vote cast “not in good faith” or “not solicited or procured in good faith” may be “designated” or nullified. The second restriction on voting, the subject of this article, is set forth in the penultimate sentence of Federal Rule of Bankruptcy Procedure 3018(a), which requires “a creditor or equity security holder” seeking “to change or withdraw an acceptance or …

The Intersection Of Tax And Bankruptcy: The Mccoy Rule, John Ferguson

John Ferguson

No abstract provided.

Veiled Egos: Alter Ego, Veil-Piercing, And Sections 362(A) And 727(A), Amir Shachmurove

Amir Shachmurove

No abstract provided.

The Orderly Liquidation Authority: Fanatical Or Familiar? Idealistic Or Unrealistic?, Stephanie P. Massman

Stephanie P Massman

The systemic financial crisis of 2008 spurred the failure of numerous financial and non-financial entities. Regulators addressed each of these failures on an ad hoc ex-post basis, granting multiple bailouts in various forms. The refusal to extend these bailouts to one firm, Lehman Brothers, however, caused further panic and contagion throughout the already unstable market as one of the largest financial institutions of the U.S. underwent an extremely lengthy and value-destructive Chapter 11 bankruptcy. Criticism surrounding not only the bailouts, but also the decision to allow Lehman to fail under the Bankruptcy Code, led to the inclusion of the Orderly …

Against Regulatory Displacement: An Institutional Analysis Of Financial Crises, Jonathan C. Lipson

Jonathan C. Lipson

This paper uses “institutional analysis”—the study of the relative capacities of markets, courts, and regulators—to make three claims about financial crises.

First, financial crises are increasingly a problem of “regulatory displacement.” Through the ad hoc rescues of 2008 and the Dodd-Frank reforms of 2010, regulators displace market and judicial processes that ordinarily prevent financial distress from becoming financial crises. Because regulators are vulnerable to capture by large financial services firms, however, they cannot address the pathologies that create crises: market concentration and complexity. Indeed, regulators may inadvertently aggravate these conditions through resolution tactics that consolidate firms, and the volume and …

The Saga Of Income From Income-Producing Collateral Treatment In Bankruptcy For Undersecured Creditors, Ian D. Ghrist

Ian D. Ghrist

Abstract

Who gets the income from income-producing collateral during bankruptcy—the debtor or the undersecured creditor? Throughout the history of bankruptcy law in America, this question has not had a bright-line answer. It is one of those indelible questions whose answer lies even to this day within the equitable power of courts of equity. In 2014, the First Circuit looked at this question and adopted the Fifth Circuit’s “flexible approach.”

With the flexible approach growing in popularity, the lower courts’ tendency to adopt rigid valuation methodologies should fade. Instead of taking positions on either the addition method or the subtraction method, …

Unquantifiable Wrongs, Incomparable Remedies: Post-Petition Enforcement Of Noncompetition Agreements, Amir Shachmurove

Amir Shachmurove

No abstract provided.

Bankruptcy Rule 7004(H) After Espinosa: A Timely Distinction Between Constitutional And Statutory Service, Amir Shachmurove

Amir Shachmurove

In a contested matter or adversary proceeding, Federal Rule of Bankruptcy Procedure 7004(h) sets forth the requisites for service on an “insured depository institution.” Subject to three exceptions, a motion or complaint must be served by certified mail on an officer of these statutorily defined institutions. In a Chapter 13 case, a debtor may attempt to strip-off a wholly unsecured junior mortgage via a motion under § 506(a) pursuant to Rule 3012, a plan provision in accordance with § 1322(b)(2), an adversary proceeding, or some combination. This article focuses on how a debtor’s failure to satisfy Rule 7004(h) affects the …

Unstayed Non-Default State Judgments And The Bona Fide Dispute Language, William Burton

Bocconi Legal Papers

This Note begins by discussing involuntary bankruptcy generally, the 1984 amendment made to the code affecting this issue, the relative legislative history, and the development of a definition for bona fide dispute. Second, both approaches for dealing with unstayed non-default state judgments as they relate to the requirements of involuntary bankruptcy will be examined. Third, this Note investigates the persuasiveness and negativities behind both approaches. Finally, in an attempt to resolve the ambiguity and solidify Delaware and Pennsylvania courts and the Circuits courts themselves, a suggestion will be made that the Third Circuit, and eventually the Supreme Court, adopt the …

Should § 707(B) Apply In Chapter 7 Cases Converted From Chapter 13?, Anna Haugen, James Eidson, Amir Shachmurove

Amir Shachmurove

No abstract provided.

Marco Fidel Suárez: Víctima Del País Político.®, Daniel Fernando Gómez Tamayo

Daniel Fernando Gómez Tamayo

Marco Fidel Suárez: la víctima de la masoneria política, la hipoteca de bienes y la venta de salarios presidenciales.

The Virtue In Bankruptcy, Matthew Adam Bruckner

Matthew Adam Bruckner

In response to a gap in the corporate bankruptcy literature, this Article offers a new positive theory of corporate bankruptcy law based on virtue ethics. The dominant theory of corporate bankruptcy law—the creditors’ bargain model—is necessarily incomplete because it does not account for bankruptcy courts’ equitable and discretionary powers, or for bankruptcy courts’ need to consider decision-making criteria other than economic efficiency. By contrast, virtue ethics offers insights about these features of corporate bankruptcy law for at least three reasons. First, bankruptcy courts appear to give content to bankruptcy laws by using virtue ethical principles. Second, virtue ethics’ decision-making process—practical …

Suffolk County Resident Arrested For Grand Larceny For Stealing Televisions From Walmart, Shawn R. Kassman

Shawn R Kassman

Man was arrested in Suffolk County in the town of East Setauket and charged with fourth-degree grand larceny. Police said he put 55-inch television in a shopping cart at Walmart in East Setauket and left the store through the garden area.command was probably charged with grand larceny because the item was greater than $1000. If you take an item that is more than thousand dollars you will be charged with grand larceny. Typically if the merchandise is less than $1000 one would be charged with shoplifting also called petit larceny.

f you have New York Criminal Law related questions, please …

"Shut Up. Pay More. This Is What You Voted For." Why You Don't See Me At San Francisco's Hall Of Justice., David D. Butler

David D. Butler

This 2,285 essay combines California's often violent history with European and American high and low culture to explain my decision to leave San Francisco in the 1970's and to study and practice law in other states. At the time, I was platflorm man (operator) on the 30 Stockton electric trolley through South of Market, the Financial District, Chinatown, Pacific Heights, and the Marina. Nevertheless, at the time the Nation of Islam had at least one armed group, the Zebra killers, murdering Whites, often slowly with machetes. I joined the White, Middle-Class, Taxpaying majority in their diaspora to safer places. My …

Too Complex To Perceive?: Drafting Cash Distribution Waterfalls Directly As Code To Reduce Complexity And Legal Risk In Structured Finance, Master Limited Partnership, And Private Equity Transactions, Ralph Carter Mayrell

Ralph Carter Mayrell

The intricate procedural and data-driven decision trees that play a critical role in complex financial contracts like cash distribution waterfalls in structured finance agreement indentures (e.g., collateralized debt obligations (CDOs)), master limited partnership agreements, and private equity fund agreements are inefficiently depicted as written contracts. As Professor Henry Hu explains in Too Complex to Depict?, the difficulty of translation—or depiction—between original mathematical models, plain English prospectuses, legal contracts, and programmed execution means that often the written depictions that form the basis of disclosures do not accurately define the act of execution. To overcome this, the SEC proposed an amendment to …

Trasformazione In S.A.S., Cessione Della Quota E Fallimento In Estensione Dell'accomandatario, Valerio Sangiovanni

Valerio Sangiovanni

No abstract provided.

Negative Externalities And Subprime Auto Financing: Time To Let The Hanging Paragraph Go(2), Chunlin Leonhard

Chunlin Leonhard

Economists generally agree that when private transactions generate negative externalities (i.e. unintended harmful byproduct), government intervention is potentially necessary. Negative externalities are considered socially inefficient because they destroy market supply and demand equilibrium. The existence of negative externalities is therefore one of those rare occasions when government intervention in private transactions is justified. It follows that when the government does choose to intervene, its goal should be to remedy, not to encourage, negative externalities. This article identifies one bankruptcy rule, commonly known as the Hanging Paragraph in the Bankruptcy Code, 11 U.S.C. § 1325(a)(9), that violates the basic principle of …

Falência De Empresas Coligadas, Jorge Lobo

Rafaela Loureiro Pinheiro Furlan

No abstract provided.

The Economics And Regulation Of Network Branded Prepaid Cards, Todd J. Zywicki

Todd J. Zywicki

General-purpose reloadable prepaid cards have been one of the fastest-growing sectors of the consumer payments marketplace in recent years. Their importance has accelerated as a consequence of new regulations enacted in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis. This increased use of prepaid cards has also increased angst among regulators, especially regarding the number and size of fees on prepaid cards. State and federal regulators as well as Congress are interested in imposing new regulations on prepaid cards. These calls for regulation, however, have proceeded in a largely fact-free environment. This paper describes the current economic and regulatory landscape for …

An Audit A Day Keeps The Trustee Away: Use Of The Logical Relationship Test In The Medicare Recoupment Context, Adam T. Kahn

Adam T Kahn

Each year, the United States government wastes millions of dollars due to overpayments made to Medicare health care providers (generally hospitals and nursing homes) in bankruptcy. These overpayments stem from the Medicare/Medicaid payment scheme that requires advanced payments to Medicare providers based on estimates of services that will be provided, and adjusts later to account for the actual costs of the services provided. Where the prepaid estimates exceeded actual costs, the United States government—here a creditor—makes necessary annual retroactive adjustments by offsetting future monthly payments to Providers.

If a Medicare provider seeks relief under chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code, …