Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Articles 1 - 3 of 3
Full-Text Articles in Geological Engineering
Underestimated Passive Volcanic Sulfur Degassing Implies Overestimated Anthropogenic Aerosol Forcing, U. A. Jongebloed, A. J. Schauer, J. Cole-Dai, C. G. Larrick, R. Wood, T. P. Fischer, S. A. Carn, S. Salimi, S. R. Edouard, S. Zhai, L. Geng, B. Alexander
Underestimated Passive Volcanic Sulfur Degassing Implies Overestimated Anthropogenic Aerosol Forcing, U. A. Jongebloed, A. J. Schauer, J. Cole-Dai, C. G. Larrick, R. Wood, T. P. Fischer, S. A. Carn, S. Salimi, S. R. Edouard, S. Zhai, L. Geng, B. Alexander
Michigan Tech Publications
The Arctic is warming at almost four times the global rate. An estimated sixty percent of greenhouse-gas-induced Arctic warming has been offset by anthropogenic aerosols, but the contribution of aerosols to radiative forcing (RF) represents the largest uncertainty in estimating total RF, largely due to unknown preindustrial aerosol abundance. Here, sulfur isotope measurements in a Greenland ice core show that passive volcanic degassing contributes up to 66 ± 10% of preindustrial ice core sulfate in years without major eruptions. A state-of-the-art model indicates passive volcanic sulfur emissions influencing the Arctic are underestimated by up to a factor of three, possibly …
Out Of The Blue: Volcanic So2 Emissions During The 2021–2022 Eruptions Of Hunga Tonga—Hunga Ha’Apai (Tonga), S. A. Carn, N. A. Krotkov, B. L. Fisher, C. Li
Out Of The Blue: Volcanic So2 Emissions During The 2021–2022 Eruptions Of Hunga Tonga—Hunga Ha’Apai (Tonga), S. A. Carn, N. A. Krotkov, B. L. Fisher, C. Li
Michigan Tech Publications
Most volcanism on Earth is submarine, but volcanic gas emissions by submarine eruptions are rarely observed and hence largely unquantified. On 15 January 2022 a submarine eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH) volcano (Tonga) generated an explosion of historic magnitude, and was preceded by ∼1 month of Surtseyan eruptive activity and two precursory explosive eruptions. We present an analysis of ultraviolet (UV) satellite measurements of volcanic sulfur dioxide (SO2) between December 2021 and the climactic 15 January 2022 eruption, comprising an unprecedented record of Surtseyan eruptive emissions. UV measurements from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA’s Aura satellite, the …
Separation Of Ash And Sulfur Dioxide During The 2011 Grímsvötn Eruption, E. D. Moxnes, N. I. Kristiansen, A. Stohl, L. Clarisse, A. J. Durant, K. Weber, A. Vogel
Separation Of Ash And Sulfur Dioxide During The 2011 Grímsvötn Eruption, E. D. Moxnes, N. I. Kristiansen, A. Stohl, L. Clarisse, A. J. Durant, K. Weber, A. Vogel
Michigan Tech Publications
Modeling the transport of volcanic ash and gases released during volcanic eruptions is crucially dependent on knowledge of the source term of the eruption, that is, the source strength as a function of altitude and time. For the first time, an inversion method is used to estimate the source terms of both volcanic sulfur dioxide (SO2) and ash. It was applied to the explosive volcanic eruption of Grímsvötn, Iceland, in May 2011. The method uses input from the particle dispersion model, FLEXPART (flexible particle dispersion model), a priori source estimates, and satellite observations of SO2 or ash total columns from …