Engineering Commons^™

Removal Of Methylene Blue By Adsorption Of Water Hyacinth Derived Active Carbon Embedded With Cobalt Nanoparticles, Hany A. Elazab, A. O. Okasha, M. A. Radwan, M. A. Sadek, Amin Firouzi, Tamer T. El-Idreesy

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this research, active carbon-based catalyst synthesis and characterization were tested for potential catalysts to be used in dye removal of methylene blue (MB). Water hyacinth is one of the major problems that is facing humankind and especially here in Egypt. One of the implications of industrial activities is environmental pollution. Dyes used in the production of textiles, paper, and clothes are one of the major pollutants. The waste of those dyes discharged into water supplies without treatment or with ineffective treatment harmfully impacts the environment. In this research, the treatment is implemented using active carbon-based catalysts using embedded nanoparticles. …

Durable Nanocomposite Face Masks With High Particulate Filtration And Rapid Inactivation Of Coronaviruses, Andrew Gonzalez, Hamada A. Aboubakr, John Brockgreitens, Weixing Hao, Yang Wang, Sagar M. Goyal, Abdennour Abbas

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The COVID-19 pandemic presents a unique challenge to the healthcare community due to the high infectivity rate and need for effective personal protective equipment. Zinc oxide nanoparticles have shown promising antimicrobial properties and are recognized as a safe additive in many food and cosmetic products. This work presents a novel nanocomposite synthesis approach, which allows zinc oxide nanoparticles to be grown within textile and face mask materials, including melt-blown polypropylene and nylon-cotton. The resulting nanocomposite achieves greater than 3 log₁₀ reduction (≥ 99.9%) in coronavirus titer within a contact time of 10 min, by disintegrating the viral envelope. The …

Hyperspectral Imaging And Data Analytics For Civil Infrastructure Inspection, Genda Chen

INSPIRE Archived Webinars

In this 50-minute lecture, the fundamental concept of hyperspectral imaging is reviewed. Each hyperspectral image represents a narrow, contiguous wavelength range of an electromagnetic spectrum, which could be indicative of a chemical substance. All the images in the spectral range of a hyperspectral camera are combined to form a three-dimensional hyperspectral data cube with two spatial dimensions and one spectral dimension. A hyperspectral cube can be sampled in four ways: spatial scanning, spectral scanning, snapshot imaging, and spatio-spectral scanning. This presentation will be focused on spatial scanning from a line-scan camera. The feasibility of horizontal imaging from a synchronized hyperspectral …

Frequency Domain Measurements Of Melt Pool Recoil Force Using Modal Analysis, Tristan Cullom, Cody Lough, Nicholas Altese, Douglas A. Bristow, Robert G. Landers, Ben Brown, For Full List Of Authors, See Publisher's Website.

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Recoil pressure is a critical factor affecting the melt pool dynamics during Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) processes. Recoil pressure depresses the melt pool. When the recoil pressure is low, thermal conduction and capillary forces may be inadequate to provide proper fusion between layers. However, excessive recoil pressure can produce a keyhole inside the melt pool, which is associated with gas porosity. Direct recoil pressure measurements are challenging because it is localized over an area proportionate to the laser spot size producing a force in the mN range. This paper reports a vibration-based approach to quantify the recoil force exerted …

Effect Of The Melt Pool Boundary Network On The Anisotropic Mechanical Properties Of Selective Laser Melted 304l, Myranda Spratt, Joseph William Newkirk, Okanmisope Fashanu, K. Chandrashekhara

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Anisotropic mechanical properties are a well-known issue in selective laser melted parts. The microstructure produced by selective laser melting (SLM) is directional, including the solidified melt pool structures and grains. This work investigates the melt pool boundary's effects on 304L stainless steel's compressive properties. 304L stainless steel solid cylinders were built using a pulse laser SLM machine in four directions using three hatch angle rotations: 0⁰, 67⁰, and 105⁰ . The twelve samples were compression tested, and the results were analyzed. Numerical models were also created with the different hatch angles and directions. The melt pool boundary network (MPBN) in …

Sensing Small Interaction Forces Through Proprioception, Fazlur Rashid, Devin Michael Burns, Yun Seong Song

Psychological Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Understanding the human motor control strategy during physical interaction tasks is crucial for developing future robots for physical human-robot interaction (pHRI). In physical human-human interaction (pHHI), small interaction forces are known to convey their intent between the partners for effective motor communication. The aim of this work is to investigate what affects the human's sensitivity to the externally applied interaction forces. The hypothesis is that one way the small interaction forces are sensed is through the movement of the arm and the resulting proprioceptive signals. A pHRI setup was used to provide small interaction forces to the hand of seated …

Anisotropy In Impact Toughness Of Powder Bed Fused Aisi 304l Stainless Steel, Sreekar Karnati, Atoosa Khiabhani, Aaron Flood, Frank W. Liou, Joseph William Newkirk

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The current effort involved investigation into the anisotropy of AISI 304L fabricated through laser powder bed fusion. Charpy V‐notch specimens made from material fabricated at three different build orientations were tested and analyzed. A statistically significant difference among the toughness values indicates the presence of anisotropy within the additively manufactured material. While the lowest toughness was found in vertically built specimens, the horizontal specimens were found to exhibit the highest toughness. From the fracture surfaces, an atypical mode of failure was observed. Exclusive crack propagation along the interlayer track boundaries was observed. The toughness variation correlated with the ease of …

Polarization-Dependent Optical Responses In Natural 2d Layered Mineral Teallite, Ravi P. N. Tripathi, Xiaodong Yang, Jie Gao

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Multi-element layered materials enable the use of stoichiometric variation to engineer their optical responses at subwavelength scale. In this regard, naturally occurring van der Waals minerals allow us to harness a wide range of chemical compositions, crystal structures and lattice symmetries for layered materials under atomically thin limit. Recently, one type of naturally occurring sulfide mineral, ternary teallite has attained significant interest in the context of thermoelectric, optoelectronic, and photovoltaic applications, but understanding of light-matter interactions in such ternary teallite crystals is scarcely available. Herein, polarization-dependent linear and nonlinear optical responses in mechanically exfoliated teallite crystals are investigated including anisotropic …

2d Layered Sip As Anisotropic Nonlinear Optical Material, Huseyin Sar, Jie Gao, Xiaodong Yang

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Two-dimensional (2D) material of silicon phosphide (SiP) has recently been shown as a promising optical material with large band gap, fast photoresponse and strong anisotropy. However, the nonlinear optical properties of 2D SiP have not been investigated yet. Here, the thickness-dependent in-plane anisotropic third-harmonic generation (THG) from the mechanically exfoliated 2D layered SiP flakes is reported. The crystal orientation of the SiP flake is determined by the angle-resolved polarized Raman spectroscopy. The angular dependence of the THG emission with respect to the incident linear polarization is found to be strongly anisotropic with the two-fold polarization dependence pattern. Furthermore, the effect …

Microstructural And Optical Properties Of Mgal2o4 Spinel: Effects Of Mechanical Activation, Y2o3 And Graphene Additions, Nina Obradovic, William Fahrenholtz, Cole Corlett, Suzana Filipovic, Marko Nikolic, Bojan A. Marinkovic, Simone Failla, Diletta Sciti, Daniele Di Rosa, Elisa Sani

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Magnesium Aluminate and Other Alumina-Based Spinels Attract Attention Due to their High Hardness, High Mechanical Strength, and Low Dielectric Constant. MgAl₂O₄ Was Produced by a Solid-State Reaction between MgO and Α-Al₂O₃ Powders. Mechanical Activation for 30 Min in a Planetary Ball Mill Was Used to Increase the Reactivity of Powders. Yttrium Oxide and Graphene Were Added to Prevent Abnormal Grain Growth during Sintering. Samples Were Sintered by Hot Pressing under Vacuum at 1450◦C. Phase Composition and Microstructure of Sintered Specimens Were Characterized by X-Ray Powder Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Rietveld Analysis Revealed 100% …

Naturally Occurring Layered Mineral Franckeite With Anisotropic Raman Scattering And Third-Harmonic Generation Responses, Ravi P. N. Tripathi, Jie Gao, Xiaodong Yang

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Vertically stacked van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures have introduced a unique way to engineer optical and electronic responses in multifunctional photonic and quantum devices. However, the technical challenges associated with the artificially fabricated vertical heterostructures have emerged as a bottleneck to restrict their proficient utilization, which emphasizes the necessity of exploring naturally occurring vdW heterostructures. As one type of naturally occurring vdW heterostructures, franckeite has recently attracted significant interest in optoelectronic applications, but the understanding of light-matter interactions in such layered mineral is still very limited especially in the nonlinear optical regime. Herein, the anisotropic Raman scattering and third-harmonic generation …

Anisotropic Optical Responses Of Layered Thallium Arsenic Sulfosalt Gillulyite, Ravi P. N. Tripathi, Jie Gao, Xiaodong Yang

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Multi-element two-dimensional (2D) materials hold great promise in the context of tailoring the physical and chemical properties of the materials via stoichiometric engineering. However, the rational and controllable synthesis of complex 2D materials remains a challenge. Herein, we demonstrate the preparation of large-area thin quaternary 2D material flakes via mechanical exfoliation from a naturally occurring bulk crystal named gillulyite. Furthermore, the anisotropic linear and nonlinear optical properties including anisotropic Raman scattering, linear dichroism, and anisotropic third-harmonic generation (THG) of the exfoliated gillulyite flakes are investigated. The observed highly anisotropic optical properties originate from the reduced in-plane crystal symmetry. Additionally, the …

The Bridge Newsletter Winter 2021, Missouri University Of Science And Technology

The Bridge Newsletter

-S&T contributes to infrastructure through national center
-Brinkmann leads Missouri Highways and Transportation Commission
-Wu wins NSF CAREER Award for 2D metals work
-Academy of Civil Engineers induction and 150^th celebration

Numerical Green's Function-Based Method For Modeling Radiated Emission From Pcbs In Shielding Enclosures, Zi An Wang, Li (Lijun) Jun Jiang, Jun Fa Mao, Ping Li

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Due to stringent electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) regulations, all electronic devices need to go through rigorous radiated emission tests before launching to market. Thus, efficient, accurate, and cheap characterization approaches are quite of interest. Instead of utilizing the time-consuming and expensive direct far-field measurement, in this work, a novel methodology on the basis of numerical Green's function (NGF) is proposed to acquire the parasitic EM emissions from PCBs placed in a shielding enclosure with ventilation slots. Referring to Schelkunoff's equivalence principle, the whole modeling procedure can be decomposed into two steps in order to obtain the emissions in the entire space. …

Temperature And Strain Sensing With Hybrid Interferometer, Lashari Ghulam Abbas, Zhou Ai, Farhan Mumtaz, Atta Muhammad, Yutang Dai, Rashda Parveen

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A hybrid interferometer for simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature is proposed and investigated experimentally. This hybrid design is composed of Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) and Michelson Interferometer (MI) cascaded with each other. It is developed by fusion splicing a single mode fiber (SMF), a multimode fiber (MMF), a dual side hole fiber (DSHF), a hollow core fiber (HCF) and a tapered-SMF. The tapered SMF was inserted into the HCF to form a reflection mirror for the FPI. The maximum temperature and strain sensitivity of the hybrid interferometer achieved through experiments is 11.6 pm/°C and 6.8 pm/mu varepsilon , respectively. The …

Approaching The Fundamental Limit Of Orbital-Angular-Momentum Multiplexing Through A Hologram Metasurface, Shuai S.A. Yuan, Jie Wu, Menglin L.N. Chen, Zhihao Lan, Liang Zhang, Sheng Sun, Zhixiang Huang, Xiaoming Chen, Shilie Zheng, Li (Lijun) Jun Jiang, Xianmin Zhang, Wei E.I. Sha

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Establishing and approaching the fundamental limit of orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) multiplexing are necessary and increasingly urgent for current multiple-input multiple-output research. In this work, we elaborate the fundamental limit in terms of independent scattering channels (or the degrees of freedom of scattered fields) through angular-spectral analysis, in conjunction with a rigorous Green's function method. The scattering-channel limit is universal for arbitrary spatial-mode multiplexing, which is launched by a planar electromagnetic device, such as antenna, metasurface, etc., with a predefined physical size. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally the limit by a phase-only metasurface hologram that transforms …

Natural Van Der Waals Heterostructure Cylindrite With Highly Anisotropic Optical Responses, Arindam Dasgupta, Jie Gao, Xiaodong Yang

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The mechanical exfoliation of naturally occurring layered materials has emerged as an easy and effective method for achieving ultrathin van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures with well-defined lattice orientations of the constituent two-dimensional (2D) material layers. Cylindrite is one such naturally occurring vdW heterostructure, where the superlattice is composed of alternating stacks of SnS2-like and PbS-like layers. Although the constituent 2D lattices are isotropic, inhomogeneous strain occurring from local atomic alignment for forcing the commensuration makes the cylindrite superlattice structurally anisotropic. Here, we demonstrate the highly anisotropic optical responses of cylindrite thin flakes induced by the anisotropic crystal structure, including angle-resolved …

Impact Of Surface And Pore Characteristics On Fatigue Life Of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Ti–6al–4v Alloy Described By Neural Network Models, Seunghyun Moon, Ruimin Ma, Ross Attardo, Charles Tomonto, Mark Nordin, Paul Wheelock, Michael Glavicic, Maxwell Layman, Richard Billo, Tengfei Luo

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this study, the effects of surface roughness and pore characteristics on fatigue lives of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) Ti–6Al–4V parts were investigated. The 197 fatigue bars were printed using the same laser power but with varied scanning speeds. These actions led to variations in the geometries of microscale pores, and such variations were characterized using micro-computed tomography. To generate differences in surface roughness in fatigue bars, half of the samples were grit-blasted and the other half were machined. Fatigue behaviors were analyzed with respect to surface roughness and statistics of the pores. For the grit-blasted samples, the contour …

Multi-Scale Hydrologic Evaluation Of The National Water Model Streamflow Data Assimilation, Bong Chul Seo, Witold F. Krajewski, Felipe Quintero

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Streamflow predictions derived from a hydrologic model are subjected to many sources of errors, including uncertainties in meteorological inputs, representation of physical processes, and model parameters. To reduce the effects of these uncertainties and thus improve the accuracy of model prediction, the United States (U.S.) National Water Model (NWM) incorporates streamflow observations in the modeling framework and updates model-simulated values using the observed ones. This updating procedure is called streamflow data assimilation (DA). This study evaluates the prediction performance of streamflow DA realized in the NWM. We implemented the model using WRF-Hydro® with the NWM modeling elements and assimilated 15-min …

Antibody-Drug Nanoparticle Induces Synergistic Treatment Efficacies In Her2 Positive Breast Cancer Cells, Muhammad Raisul Abedin, Kaitlyne Powers, Rachel Aiardo, Dibbya Barua, Sutapa Barua

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Chemotherapeutic drugs suffer from non-specific binding, undesired toxicity, and poor blood circulation which contribute to poor therapeutic efficacy. In this study, antibody–drug nanoparticles (ADNs) are engineered by synthesizing pure anti-cancer drug nanorods (NRs) in the core of nanoparticles with a therapeutic monoclonal antibody, Trastuzumab on the surface of NRs for specific targeting and synergistic treatments of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive breast cancer cells. ADNs were designed by first synthesizing ~ 95 nm diameter × ~ 500 nm long paclitaxel (PTX) NRs using the nanoprecipitation method. The surface of PTXNRs was functionalized at 2′ OH nucleophilic site …

Dechlorination Apparatus For Treating Chloride Salt Wastes: System Evaluation And Scale-Up, Brian J. Riley, Saehwa Chong, Charmayne E. Lonergan

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper describes an apparatus used to remove chlorine from chloride salt-based nuclear wastes from electrochemical reprocessing and/or chloride-based molten salt reactors (MSRs) through dechlorination by reacting the salts with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH₄H₂PO₄ or ADP) at temperatures up to 600 °C to produce NH₄Cl as a byproduct. The benefits of removing the Cl from these salts include ³⁷Cl recovery from Cl-based MSR salts, formation of UCl₃ from the NH₄Cl, as well as removal of Cl from the salts and conversion of the salt cations to oxides to allow …

Naturally Occurring Van Der Waals Heterostructure Lengenbachite With Strong In-Plane Structural And Optical Anisotropy, Arindam Dasgupta, Xiaodong Yang, Jie Gao

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Lengenbachite is a naturally occurring layered mineral formed with alternating stacks of two constituent PbS-like and M₂S₃-like two-dimensional (2D) material layers due to the phase segregation process during the formation. Here, we demonstrate to achieve van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures of lengenbachite down to a few layer-pair thickness by mechanical exfoliation of bulk lengenbachite mineral. The incommensurability between the constituent isotropic 2D material layers makes the formed vdW heterostructure exhibit strong in-plane structural anisotropy, which leads to highly anisotropic optical responses in lengenbachite thin flakes, including anisotropic Raman scattering, linear dichroism, and anisotropic third-harmonic generation. Moreover, …

Investigating Anisotropic Blast Wave Parameters Near The Explosive-Air Boundary Using Computer Simulation And Experimental Techniques With Varying Charge Geometry, Kelly Williams, Catherine E. Johnson

Mining Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The prediction of blast wave overpressure using scaled distance calculations use the charge mass and radial distance variables and assumes that the blast wave is isotropic. Simulations and empirical studies demonstrate that altering the charge geometry results in a significant deviation in overpressure vs orientation. While this effect has been measured for cylinders, truncated cones, and cubes, the mechanisms driving geometric blast wave product anisotropy have not been well defined. Velocity vectors plotted from computer simulations in this study show an isotropic radial flow from the cylindrical charges, while the prismatic charges with rectangle, triangle, and five-point star cross sections …

Multimodal Ensemble Deep Learning To Predict Disruptive Behavior Disorders In Children, Sreevalsan S. Menon, K. Krishnamurthy

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder, collectively referred to as disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs), are prevalent psychiatric disorders in children. Early diagnosis of DBDs is crucial because they can increase the risks of other mental health and substance use disorders without appropriate psychosocial interventions and treatment. However, diagnosing DBDs is challenging as they are often comorbid with other disorders, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, and depression. In this study, a multimodal ensemble three-dimensional convolutional neural network (3D CNN) deep learning model was used to classify children with DBDs and typically developing children. The study participants included 419 females and 681 …

Machine Learning Identifies Liquids Employing A Simple Fiber-Optic Tip Sensor, Wassana Naku, Chen Zhu, Anand K. Nambisan, Rex E. Gerald, Jie Huang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

We proposed an extremely simple fiber-optic tip sensor system to identify liquids by combining their corresponding droplet evaporation events with analyses using machine learning techniques. Pendant liquid droplets were suspended from the cleaved endface of a single-mode fiber during the experiment. The optical fiber-droplet interface and the droplet-air interface served as two partial reflectors of an extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer (EFPI) with a liquid droplet cavity. As the liquid pendant droplet evaporated, its length diminished. A light source can be used to observe the effective change in the net reflectivity of the optical fiber sensor system by observing the resulting optical …

Reducing Kidney Discard With Artificial Intelligence Decision Support: The Need For A Transdisciplinary Systems Approach, Richard Threlkeld, Lirim Ashiku, Casey I. Canfield, Daniel Burton Shank, Mark A. Schnitzler, Krista L. Lentine, David A. Axelrod, Anil Choudary Reddy Battineni, Henry Randall, Cihan H. Dagli

Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Purpose of Review: A transdisciplinary systems approach to the design of an artificial intelligence (AI) decision support system can more effectively address the limitations of AI systems. By incorporating stakeholder input early in the process, the final product is more likely to improve decision-making and effectively reduce kidney discard.

Recent Findings: Kidney discard is a complex problem that will require increased coordination between transplant stakeholders. An AI decision support system has significant potential, but there are challenges associated with overfitting, poor explainability, and inadequate trust. A transdisciplinary approach provides a holistic perspective that incorporates expertise from engineering, social science, and …

Analysis Of Energy Utilization And Losses For Jet-Propelled Vehicles, Mohammad Abbas, David W. Riggins

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The global control volume-based energy utilization balance for an aerospace vehicle is extended to allow for the analysis of jet-propelled vehicles. The methodology is first developed for analyzing the energy utilization and entropy generation characteristics of jet engines without airframe considerations. This methodology, when combined with separate energy utilization analysis for an unpowered airframe, allows for the assessment of a powered vehicle. Wake entropy generation for a powered vehicle is shown to be the summation of the wake entropy generation associated with the propulsion system (no airframe) and the unpowered airframe. The fundamental relationship between overall entropy generation and the …

Aiche Virtual Communities Of Practice – Supporting Faculty During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Christi L. Patton (Luks)

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, chemical engineering departments from around the world shifted their course offerings from in-person to online almost instantaneously. The AIChE Education Division immediately responded to this educational shift by developing five Virtual Communities of Practice (VCPs) that allowed faculty to share experiences and best practices as well as provide a network for emotional support. Community creation, methods and materials shared, and surveys related to the impact of this initiative will be discussed.

Newmark-Type Pseudo-Three-Dimensional Back-Analysis Of Co-Seismic Landslides In Egkremnoi, Lefkada, Greece, Weibing Gong, Dimitrios Zekkos, Marin Clark, Dalia Kirschbaum

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A pseudo-three-dimensional (pseudo-3D) methodology to back-analyze coseismic landslides was developed and applied to 68 mapped landslides, which occurred over approximately 1 km2area in Egkremnoi, Greece, during the 2015 Mw6.5 Lefkada earthquake. The methodology is based on a one-dimensional (1D) Newmark-type sliding block model to assess instability and a spatial projection in 3D topography to derive landslide geometry. The strength parameters for modeled landslides that best match the landslide location, area, and volume were derived through an iterative scheme that optimizes the match using predefined matching criteria. The range of different-sized landslides produced shear strength estimates from ~10 to 300 kPa …

Human-Human Hand Interactions Aid Balance During Walking By Haptic Communication, Mengnan Wu, Luke Drnach, Sistania M. Bong, Yun Seong Song, Lena H. Ting

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Principles from human-human physical interaction may be necessary to design more intuitive and seamless robotic devices to aid human movement. Previous studies have shown that light touch can aid balance and that haptic communication can improve performance of physical tasks, but the effects of touch between two humans on walking balance has not been previously characterized. This study examines physical interaction between two persons when one person aids another in performing a beam-walking task. 12 pairs of healthy young adults held a force sensor with one hand while one person walked on a narrow balance beam (2 cm wide x …