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Optimization Of Turbine Design In Wind Farms With Multiple Hub Heights, Using Exact Analytic Gradients And Structural Constraints, Andrew P.J. Stanley, Andrew Ning, Katherine Dykes
Optimization Of Turbine Design In Wind Farms With Multiple Hub Heights, Using Exact Analytic Gradients And Structural Constraints, Andrew P.J. Stanley, Andrew Ning, Katherine Dykes
Faculty Publications
Wind farms are generally designed with turbines of all the same hub height. If wind farms were designed with turbines of different hub heights, wake interference between turbines could be reduced, lowering the cost of energy (COE). This paper demonstrates a method to optimize onshore wind farms with two different hub heights using exact, analytic gradients. Gradient-based optimization with exact gradients scales well with large problems and is preferable in this application over gradient-free methods. Our model consisted of the following: a version of the FLOw Redirection and Induction in Steady-State wake model that accommodated three- dimensional wakes and calculated …