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Articles 1 - 30 of 105
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Investigation Of Retrieved Cardiac Devices, Anmar Salih, Iosif Papadakis Ktistakis, Spyridon Manganas, Abdul Wase, Tarun Goswami
Investigation Of Retrieved Cardiac Devices, Anmar Salih, Iosif Papadakis Ktistakis, Spyridon Manganas, Abdul Wase, Tarun Goswami
Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering Faculty Publications
Damage assessment of lead and pulse generator with various exposure times is important in the development of cardiac devices. Approximately, 92.1 million patients in the US suffer from cardiovascular diseases with an estimated healthcare cost of over $300 billion and at least one million with implantable cardiac devices. These devices are complex and composed on multiple levels and present challenges while assessing the damage. However, the study on the analysis of cardiac devices may lend insight into common damage patterns and improve future cardiac devices design. The objective of this work is to perform a thorough in vivo damage assessment …
Investigation Of A Neuro-Stimulator Retrieved Posthumously, Megan Markl, Rodney J. Gutherie, Tarun Goswami
Investigation Of A Neuro-Stimulator Retrieved Posthumously, Megan Markl, Rodney J. Gutherie, Tarun Goswami
Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering Faculty Publications
A neurostimulator was investigated in this paper posthumously. Device was presented to our anatomical gift program. Investigation was multi-fold and contained visual inspection, using an optical microscope, and mechanical and electrical testing of leads and its insulator. It was concluded that the device could have been damaged during implantation, in vivo, during removal, and/or during transportation to author’s laboratories. The damage observed on the lead insulation is similar to that which can occur due to anchoring of the lead and hardening due to oxidation. Insulation stiffness was determined to be 1/10 of new insulator. The results reported here on the …
Simulation Of Skull Fracture Due To Falls, Anthony Vicini, Tarun Goswami
Simulation Of Skull Fracture Due To Falls, Anthony Vicini, Tarun Goswami
Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering Faculty Publications
This study presents novel predictive equations for von Mises stress values of bones in the frontal and lateral regions of the skull. The equations were developed based on results of a finite element model developed during this research. The model was validated for frontal and lateral loading conditions with input values mimetic to fall scenarios. Using neural network processing of the information derived from the model achieved R2 values of 0.9990 for both the stress and deflection. Based on the outcome of the fall victims, a threshold von Mises stress of 40.9 to 46.6 MPa was found to indicate skull …
Accelerated Relaxation In Disordered Solids Under Cyclic Loading With Alternating Shear Orientation, Nikolai V. Priezjev
Accelerated Relaxation In Disordered Solids Under Cyclic Loading With Alternating Shear Orientation, Nikolai V. Priezjev
Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications
The effect of alternating shear orientation during cyclic loading on the relaxation dynamics in disordered solids is examined using molecular dynamics simulations. The model glass was initially prepared by rapid cooling from the liquid state and then subjected to cyclic shear along a single plane or periodically alternated in two or three dimensions. We showed that with increasing strain amplitude in the elastic range, the system is relocated to deeper energy minima. Remarkably, it was found that each additional alternation of the shear orientation in the deformation protocol brings the glass to lower energy states. The results of mechanical tests …
Deep Brain Stimulation: Prediction Model For Volume Of Tissue Stimulated, Melissa Jones, Tarun Goswami
Deep Brain Stimulation: Prediction Model For Volume Of Tissue Stimulated, Melissa Jones, Tarun Goswami
Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering Faculty Publications
An attempt has been made to understand deep brain stimulation in humans via marketable devices that are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. The electrode characteristics were presented to influence the volume of tissue stimulated. Experimental data were digitized and VTS data were presented a function of electrode diameter, aspect ratio, applied current, pulse duration, voltage and frequency. Amongst other trends voltage and VTS were found to exhibit a three-stage relation, where Stage II characteristics were represented by a linear equation. It is in this stage, the VTS was found to be stable and where the most effective …
Aging And Rejuvenation During Elastostatic Loading Of Amorphous Alloys, Nikolai V. Priezjev
Aging And Rejuvenation During Elastostatic Loading Of Amorphous Alloys, Nikolai V. Priezjev
Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications
Using molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the effect of uniaxial elastostatic compression on the potential energy, structural relaxation, and mechanical properties of binary glasses. We consider the three-dimensional Kob-Andersen binary mixture, which was initially cooled from the liquid state to the glass phase with a slow rate at zero pressure. The glass was then loaded with a static stress at the annealing temperature during extended time intervals. It is found that the static stress below the yielding point induces large-scale plastic deformation and significant rejuvenation when the annealing temperature is smaller than a fraction of the glass transition temperature. By …
Atomistic Modeling Of Heat Treatment Processes For Tuning The Mechanical Properties Of Disordered Solids, Nikolai V. Priezjev
Atomistic Modeling Of Heat Treatment Processes For Tuning The Mechanical Properties Of Disordered Solids, Nikolai V. Priezjev
Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications
We investigate the effect of a single heat treatment cycle on the potential energy states and mechanical properties of metallic glasses using molecular dynamics simulations. We consider the three-dimensional binary mixture, which was initially cooled with a computationally slow rate from the liquid state to the solid phase at a temperature well below the glass transition. It was found that a cycle of heating and cooling can relocate the glass to either rejuvenated or relaxed states, depending on the maximum temperature and the loading period. Thus, the lowest potential energy is attained after a cycle with the maximum temperature slightly …
The Potential Energy States And Mechanical Properties Of Thermally Cycled Binary Glasses, Nikolai V. Priezjev
The Potential Energy States And Mechanical Properties Of Thermally Cycled Binary Glasses, Nikolai V. Priezjev
Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications
The influence of repeated thermal cycling on mechanical properties, structural relaxation, and evolution of the potential energy in binary glasses is investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. We consider a binary mixture with strongly non-additive cross interactions, which is annealed across the glass transition with different cooling rates and then exposed to one thousand thermal cycles at constant pressure. We found that during the first few hundred transient cycles, the potential energy minima after each cycle gradually decrease and the structural relaxation proceeds via collective, irreversible displacements of atoms. With increasing cycle number, the amplitudes of the volume and potential energy …
Stress Shielding In Cemented Hip Implants Assessed From Computed Tomography, Bharadwaj Cheruvu, Indresh Venkatarayappa, Tarun Goswami
Stress Shielding In Cemented Hip Implants Assessed From Computed Tomography, Bharadwaj Cheruvu, Indresh Venkatarayappa, Tarun Goswami
Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering Faculty Publications
Background: Aseptic loosening is the major cause of revisions for hip replacement. This mode of failure is often caused by stress shielding. Stress shielding in the femur occurs when some of the loads are taken by the prosthesis and shielded from going to the bone. There is little information regarding the stress shielding among cemented hip implants. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of stress shielding on the proximal femur with a femoral prosthesis. Methods: A patient had undergone open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) due to a comminuted reversed oblique fracture of the right …
Deep Neural Ranking For Crowdsourced Geopolitical Event Forecasting, Giuseppe Nebbione, Derek Doran, Srikanth Nadella, Brandon Minnery
Deep Neural Ranking For Crowdsourced Geopolitical Event Forecasting, Giuseppe Nebbione, Derek Doran, Srikanth Nadella, Brandon Minnery
Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications
There are many examples of “wisdom of the crowd” effects in which the large number of participants imparts confidence in the collective judgment of the crowd. But how do we form an aggregated judgment when the size of the crowd is limited? Whose judgments do we include, and whose do we accord the most weight? This paper considers this problem in the context of geopolitical event forecasting, where volunteer analysts are queried to give their expertise, confidence, and predictions about the outcome of an event. We develop a forecast aggregation model that integrates topical information about a question, meta-data about …
The Influence Of Complex Thermal Treatment On Mechanical Properties Of Amorphous Materials, Nikolai V. Priezjev, Qing-Long Liu
The Influence Of Complex Thermal Treatment On Mechanical Properties Of Amorphous Materials, Nikolai V. Priezjev, Qing-Long Liu
Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications
We study the effect of periodic, spatially uniform temperature variation on mechanical properties and structural relaxation of amorphous alloys using molecular dynamics simulations. The disordered material is modeled via a non-additive binary mixture, which is annealed from the liquid to the glassy state with various cooling rates and then either aged at constant temperature or subjected to thermal treatment. We found that in comparison to aged samples, thermal cycling with respect to a reference temperature of approximately half the glass transition temperature leads to more relaxed states with lower levels of potential energy. The largest energy decrease was observed for …
The Influence Of Periodic Shear On Structural Relaxation And Pore Redistribution In Binary Glasses, Nikolai V. Priezjev, Maxim A. Makeev
The Influence Of Periodic Shear On Structural Relaxation And Pore Redistribution In Binary Glasses, Nikolai V. Priezjev, Maxim A. Makeev
Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications
The evolution of porous structure, potential energy and local density in binary glasses under oscillatory shear deformation is investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. The porous glasses were initially prepared via a rapid thermal quench from the liquid state across the glass transition and allowed to phase separate and solidify at constant volume, thus producing an extended porous network in an amorphous solid. We find that under periodic shear, the potential energy decreases over consecutive cycles due to gradual rearrangement of the glassy material, and the minimum of the potential energy after thousands of shear cycles is lower at larger strain …
Visual Entailment: A Novel Task For Fine-Grained Image Understanding, Ning Xie, Farley Lai, Derek Doran, Asim Kadav
Visual Entailment: A Novel Task For Fine-Grained Image Understanding, Ning Xie, Farley Lai, Derek Doran, Asim Kadav
Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications
Existing visual reasoning datasets such as Visual Question Answering (VQA), often suffer from biases conditioned on the question, image or answer distributions. The recently proposed CLEVR dataset addresses these limitations and requires fine-grained reasoning but the dataset is synthetic and consists of similar objects and sentence structures across the dataset. In this paper, we introduce a new inference task, Visual Entailment (VE) - consisting of image-sentence pairs whereby a premise is defined by an image, rather than a natural language sentence as in traditional Textual Entailment tasks. The goal of a trained VE model …
The Effect Of Cryogenic Thermal Cycling On Aging, Rejuvenation, And Mechanical Properties Of Metallic Glasses, Nikolai V. Priezjev
The Effect Of Cryogenic Thermal Cycling On Aging, Rejuvenation, And Mechanical Properties Of Metallic Glasses, Nikolai V. Priezjev
Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications
The structural relaxation, potential energy states, and mechanical properties of a model glass subjected to thermal cycling are investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. We study a non-additive binary mixture which is annealed with different cooling rates from the liquid phase to a low temperature well below the glass transition. The thermal treatment is applied by repeatedly heating and cooling the system at constant pressure, thus temporarily inducing internal stresses upon thermal expansion. We find that poorly annealed glasses are relocated to progressively lower levels of potential energy over consecutive cycles, whereas well annealed glasses can be rejuvenated at sufficiently large …
Structural Transformations During Periodic Deformation Of Low-Porosity Amorphous Materials, Nikolai V. Priezjev, Maxim A. Makeev
Structural Transformations During Periodic Deformation Of Low-Porosity Amorphous Materials, Nikolai V. Priezjev, Maxim A. Makeev
Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications
Atomistic simulations are employed to study structural evolution of pore ensembles in binary glasses under periodic shear deformation with varied amplitude. The consideration is given to porous systems in the limit of low porosity. The initial ensembles of pores are comprised of multiple pores with small sizes, which are approximately normally distributed. As periodic loading proceeds, the ensembles evolve into configurations with a few large-scale pores and significantly reduced number of small pores. These structural changes are reflected in the skewed shapes of the pore-size distribution functions and the appearance of a distinct peak at large length scales after hundreds …
Hierarchical Carbon Structures With Vertically- Aligned Nanotube Carpets For Oil-Water Separation Under Different Conditions, Kimia Kiaei
Browse all Theses and Dissertations
The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the role of surface nano-structuring in fluid separation. It is hypothesized that hierarchical carbon structures consisting of aligned carbon nanotube arrays strongly adhered to the surface of porous carbon solids such as fabric and foam, can be used for separation of polar and non-polar fluids by selective wettability of one fluid and rejection of another. The vertically-aligned carbon nanotube arrays, as synthesized, possess super hydrophobicity demonstrated by high water contact angle on their surfaces. On the other hand, they are incredibly oleophilic, showing a high affinity to adsorb oil. These properties …
Preparation And Characterization Of Porous Pdms For Printed Electronics, Eyad Khalid M. Balbaid
Preparation And Characterization Of Porous Pdms For Printed Electronics, Eyad Khalid M. Balbaid
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Fabricating an elastomeric substrate with internal features could provide a novel structure with distinctive mechanical properties that allow them to stretch, bend and absorb the impact force. To date, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a great candidate as a substrate for flexible electronic applications, due to easy fabrication, high stability and low cost. In the current thesis, porous PDMS samples are fabricated and characterized based on the particle size and the fusion of salt and sugar treated micro-regions. The liquid PDMS is prepared by mixing the silicon elastomer base (Sylgard 184) and elastomer curing agent using volume ration 10:1. The salt and …
Tapped-Inductor Buck Dc-Dc Converter, Ankit Chadha
Tapped-Inductor Buck Dc-Dc Converter, Ankit Chadha
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There is a high demand for low step-down dc voltage conversions. Many conventional power converters that are currently being used have a moderate conversion ratio and this may not be sufficient to meet the demand. This can be achieved by either cascading power converters or using converters with a low step-down conversion ratio. Cascading the converters increases the power conversion stage complexity and increase the order of the system, while also affecting the stability. Using converters with a high conversion ratio seems to be a more intelligent option to root. This dissertation tackles to analyze one such converter, called tapped-inductor …
Chondroitin Sulfate Hydrogels For Total Wound Care Devices, Tushar Goswami
Chondroitin Sulfate Hydrogels For Total Wound Care Devices, Tushar Goswami
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Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a naturally occurring bio-polymer found in areas of high cartilage in mammals. In directed applications, such as hydrogels, CS can be used to impact keratinocyte growth cycles. In this work, CS based hydrogels were utilized to accelerate wound healing and, in conjunction with a graphene sensor, monitor wound fluid pH. The hydrogels were cast onto a graphene field effect transistor (GFET) to obtain the benefits of the hydrogel wound healing capabilities, while also utilizing the pH sensitivity of the graphene. Results showed that the hydrogel caused a fivefold increase in cell size over the course of …
Analyzing Public View Towards Vaccination Using Twitter, Mahajan Rutuja
Analyzing Public View Towards Vaccination Using Twitter, Mahajan Rutuja
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Educating people about vaccination tends to target vaccine acceptance and reduction of hesitancy. Social media provides a promising platform for studying public perception regarding vaccination. In this study, we harvested tweets over a year related to vaccines from February 2018 to January 2019. We present a two-stage classifier to: (1) classify the tweets as relevant or non-relevant and (2) categorize them in terms of pro-vaccination, anti-vaccination, or neutral outlook. We found that the classifier was able to distinguish clearly between anti-vaccination and pro-vaccination tweets, but also misclassified many of these as neutral. Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation, we found that two …
Augmenting Flight Imagery From Aerial Refueling, James D. Anderson, Scott Nykl, Thomas Wischgoll
Augmenting Flight Imagery From Aerial Refueling, James D. Anderson, Scott Nykl, Thomas Wischgoll
Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications
© 2019, This is a U.S. government work and not under copyright protection in the U.S.; foreign copyright protection may apply. When collecting real-world imagery, objects in the scene may be occluded by other objects from the perspective of the camera. However, in some circumstances an occluding object is absent from the scene either for practical reasons or the situation renders it infeasible. Utilizing augmented reality techniques, those images can be altered to examine the affect of the object’s occlusion. This project details a novel method for augmenting real images with virtual objects in a virtual environment. Specifically, images from …
An Interactive Game For Cultural Proficiencytraining Featuring Virtual Reality Immersion, Paul J. Hershberger, Blaine A. Klingler, Matt Davis, Sankalp Mishra, Miteshkumar Vasoya, Dixit Patel, Aishwarya Bositty, Tanuja Addanki, Frank A. Allen, Suneesh Menon, Sabrina Neeley, Angie Castle, Todd Pavlak, Yong Pei, Thomas Wischgoll
An Interactive Game For Cultural Proficiencytraining Featuring Virtual Reality Immersion, Paul J. Hershberger, Blaine A. Klingler, Matt Davis, Sankalp Mishra, Miteshkumar Vasoya, Dixit Patel, Aishwarya Bositty, Tanuja Addanki, Frank A. Allen, Suneesh Menon, Sabrina Neeley, Angie Castle, Todd Pavlak, Yong Pei, Thomas Wischgoll
Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Visual Entailment Task For Visually-Grounded Language Learning, Ning Xie, Farley Lai, Derek Doran, Asim Kadav
Visual Entailment Task For Visually-Grounded Language Learning, Ning Xie, Farley Lai, Derek Doran, Asim Kadav
Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications
We introduce a new inference task - Visual Entailment (VE) - which differs from traditional Textual Entailment (TE) tasks whereby a premise is defined by an image, rather than a natural language sentence as in TE tasks. A novel dataset SNLI-VE (publicly available at https://github.com/necla-ml/SNLI-VE) is proposed for VE tasks based on the Stanford Natural Language Inference corpus and Flickr30k. We introduce a differentiable architecture called the Explainable Visual Entailment model (EVE) to tackle the VE problem. EVE and several other state-of-the-art visual question answering (VQA) based models are evaluated on the SNLI-VE dataset, facilitating grounded language understanding and providing …
Xr-Based Workforce Develop In The Southwestern Region Of Ohio, Thomas Wischgoll
Xr-Based Workforce Develop In The Southwestern Region Of Ohio, Thomas Wischgoll
Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Use Of Virtual Reality Technology In Medical Training And Patient Rehabilitation, Sankalp Mishra
Use Of Virtual Reality Technology In Medical Training And Patient Rehabilitation, Sankalp Mishra
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Coaching patients to follow the rehabilitation routines correctly and timely after surgery is often a challenge due to the limited medical knowledge of patients and limited availability of clinicians. Similarly, it is also a challenge to train medical professionals with both the technical and communication skills required in their practices. The recent emergence of VR technologies shines the light on improving the current training practices. In this thesis research, I will look at the development and application of VR-based immersive training games for two particular cases: 1. Post hand surgery rehab; and, 2. Training for Social determinants of health (SDOH) …
Structural Relaxation Of Porous Glasses Due To Internal Stresses And Deformation Under Tensile Loading At Constant Pressure, Nikolai V. Priezjev, Maxim A. Makeev
Structural Relaxation Of Porous Glasses Due To Internal Stresses And Deformation Under Tensile Loading At Constant Pressure, Nikolai V. Priezjev, Maxim A. Makeev
Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications
The time evolution of the pore size distributions and mechanical properties of amorphous solids at constant pressure is studied using molecular dynamics simulations. The porous glasses were initially prepared at constant volume conditions via a rapid thermal quench from the liquid state to the glassy region and allowing for simultaneous phase separation and material solidification. We found that at constant pressure and low temperature, the porous network becomes more compact and the glassy systems relocate to progressively lower levels of the potential energy. Although the elastic modulus and the average glass density both increase with the waiting time, their dependence …
Spatiotemporal Analysis Of Nonaffine Displacements In Disorderedsolids Sheared Across The Yielding Point, Nikolai V. Priezjev
Spatiotemporal Analysis Of Nonaffine Displacements In Disorderedsolids Sheared Across The Yielding Point, Nikolai V. Priezjev
Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications
The time evolution and spatial correlations of nonaffine displacements in deformed amorphous solids are investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. The three-dimensional model glass is represented via the binary mixture, which is slowly annealed well below the glass transition temperature and then sheared at a constant strain rate. It is shown that with increasing strain,the typical size of clusters of atoms with large nonaffine displacements increases, and these clusters remain spatially homogeneously distributed, until the yielding point when mobile atoms become localized within a system-spanning shear band. Furthermore, the yielding transition is associated with an abrupt change in the spatial correlation …
Shear Band Formation In Amorphous Materials Under Oscillatoryshear Deformation, Nikolai V. Priezjev
Shear Band Formation In Amorphous Materials Under Oscillatoryshear Deformation, Nikolai V. Priezjev
Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications
The effect of periodic shear on strain localization in disordered solids is investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. We consider a binary mixture of one million atoms annealed to a low temperature with different cooling rates and then subjected to oscillatory shear deformation with a strain amplitude slightly above the critical value. It is found that the yielding transition occurs during one cycle but the accumulation of irreversible displacements and initiation of the shear band proceed over larger number of cycles for more slowly annealed glasses. The spatial distribution and correlation function of nonaffine displacements reveal that their collective dynamics changes …
High Security Cognitive Radio Network Via Instantaneous Channel Information, Kaiyu Huang
High Security Cognitive Radio Network Via Instantaneous Channel Information, Kaiyu Huang
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The cognitive radio network has been considered one of the most promising communication technologies for next generation wireless communication. One important aspect of cognitive radio network research is the so-called Primary User Authentication. Naturally, the primary user authentication in the cognitive radio network requires strong encryption. For the primary user identification, this dissertation provides a method which hides the user information in the header of the data frames with an underlay waveform. It is important to note that the underlay waveform will not bring redundancy data to the communication system. Using the synchronizing frequency as the underlay waveform carrier also …
Accelerating Reverse Engineering Image Processing Using Fpga, Matthew Joshua Harris
Accelerating Reverse Engineering Image Processing Using Fpga, Matthew Joshua Harris
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In recent decades, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) have evolved beyond simple, expensive computational components with minimal computing power to complex, inexpensive computational engines. Today, FPGAs can perform algorithmically complex problems with improved performance compared to sequential CPUs by taking advantage of parallelization. This concept can be readily applied to the computationally dense field of image manipulation and analysis. Processed on a standard CPU, image manipulation suffers with large image sets processed by highly sequential algorithms, but by carefully adhering to data dependencies, parallelized FPGA functions or kernels offer the possibility of significant improvement through threaded CPU functions. This thesis …