Engineering Commons^™

Manufacturing Energy Consumption And Assessment For Us Small And Medium Sized Manufacturers, Yadan Zeng

Theses and Dissertations

U.S. Manufacturing sector consumes remarkable amount of energy while the energy efficiency is quite low. Energy consumption of CNC machines is significant and various empirical models have been developed to model the Specific Energy Consumption (SEC) of CNC machines. However, most of the models are developed for specific machines, hence have limited applications in manufacturing industry. In this research, a general empirical SEC model for milling machine at certain power level is developed based on actual cutting experimental data. In this model, stand-by power and spindle power are used in the SEC model for the first time. The Material Removal …

Best Trade-Off Point Method For Efficient Resource Provisioning In Spark, Peter P. Nghiem

Computer Science and Engineering

Considering the recent exponential growth in the amount of information processed in Big Data, the high energy consumed by data processing engines in datacenters has become a major issue, underlining the need for efficient resource allocation for more energy-efficient computing. We previously proposed the Best Trade-off Point (BToP) method, which provides a general approach and techniques based on an algorithm with mathematical formulas to find the best trade-off point on an elbow curve of performance vs. resources for efficient resource provisioning in Hadoop MapReduce. The BToP method is expected to work for any application or system which relies on a …

Understanding Residential Electricity Consumption Considering Energy Efficiency Policies And The Impact On The Electricity System, Meryem Nur Morgül Tumbaz, Hatice Tekiner Muğlkoç

International Journal of Business and Technology

Electricity consumption increases substantially over the years where residential use significantly contributes to the overall consumption. The growth in the population and variety of home appliances together with increasing comfort levels of the people results in higher levels of residential electricity use. In fact, nearly one fourth of Turkey's total electricity consumption is due to the domestic use. To achieve global sustainability targets and reduce the overall electricity use, focusing on the domestic consumption is crucial. In this research, the energy consumptions patterns of households are determined to identify the potential electricity savings existing in the residential sector. Moreover, specific …

Thermal Bridging In Concrete Sandwich Walls, Taylor J. Sorensen, Robert J. Thomas, Sattar Dorafshan, Marc Maguire

Faculty Publications

Energy efficiency requires continuity of the insulation system in structural and architectural details.

Spectrum- And Energy-Efficient Radio Resource Allocation For Wireless Communications, Shengjie Guo

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Wireless communications has been evolved significantly over the last decade. During this period, higher quality of service (QoS) requirements have been proposed to support various services. In addition, due to the increasing number of wireless devices and transmission, the energy consumption of the wireless networks becomes a burden. Therefore, the energy efficiency is considered as important as spectrum efficiency for future wireless communications networks, and spectrum and energy efficiency have become essential research topics in wireless communications. Moreover, due to the exploding of number mobile devices, the limited radio resources have become more and more scarce. With large numbers of …

Design And Characterization Of Polymer Nanocomposites For Engineering Applications, Joseph Richard Nalbach

Theses and Dissertations

Polymer nanocomposites represent an area of materials that can yield useful properties not achievable in bulk materials. Not only can they have such properties but also they can be relatively easy to generate. With dwindling fossil fuels there is an increased need for both new methods to harvest energy and to transport the captured energy more effectively. Two separate nanocomposite materials are created to support this work with dramatically different properties, both to aid in energy efficiency. The first is an energy harvesting foam to fully utilize the structural deformability of such a material. A dissolvable sugar scaffold is combined …

How Gpu Rendering Affects Image Processing And Scientific Calculation Speed, Power And Energy On A Raspberry Pi, Qihao He

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In this thesis, we explore the speed, power, and energy performance of the same data process on the central processing unit (CPU) with and without the acceleration of the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) on the microcomputer Raspberry Pi (RPI). We tested on the RPI in two different fields. The first was comparing the speed, power, and energy usage with and without GPU acceleration in the image processing impacts on RPI model B+. The second was comparing speed, power, energy usage, and accuracy for scientific calculation with and without GPU acceleration on RPI model B+ and 3B.

We used a novel …

Demand Side Management For Building Energy Efficiency Through Hybrid Daylighting System And Battery Energy Storage System, Tonghui Li

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation aims to investigate demand side management (DSM) to improve building energy efficiency and reduce on-peak electricity demand. Daylighting device and battery energy storage system (BESS) for peak shaving are proposed and studied. To reduce the cost and improve the efficiency of building lighting, an innovative parabolic trough solar lighting and thermal (PTL/T) system is designed and analyzed. In the proposed system, a parabolic trough collector (PTC) controlled by two-axis solar tracking system is used as solar collector. The collected sunlight is split by a cold mirror into visible light and infrared light. The visible light is reflected by …

Trident: A Comprehensive Timing Error Resilient Technique Against Choke Points At Ntc., Aatreyi Bal, Sanghamitra Roy, Koushik Chakraborty

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Near Threshold Computing (NTC) systems have been inherently plagued with heightened process variation (PV) sensitivity. Choke points are an intriguing manifestation of this PV sensitivity. In this paper, we explore the probability of minimum timing violations, caused by choke points, in an NTC system and, their non-Trivial impacts on the system reliability. We show that conventional timing error mitigation techniques are inefficient in tackling choke point induced minimum timing violations. Consequently, we propose a comprehensive error mitigation technique, Trident, to tackle choke points, at NTC. Trident offers a 1.37x performance improvement and a 1.1x energy efficiency gain over Razor at …

Qtsac: An Energy-Efficient Mac Protocol For Delay Minimization In Wireless Sensor Networks, Yuxin Liu, Kaoru Ota, Kuan Zhang, Ming Ma, Naixue Xiong, Anfeng Liu, Jun Long

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Millions of sensors are deployed to monitor the smart grid. They consume huge amounts of energy in the communication infrastructure. Therefore, the establishment of an energy-efficient medium access control (MAC) protocol for sensor nodes is challenging and urgently needed. The Quorum-based MAC protocol independently and adaptively schedules nodes’ wake-up times and decreases idle listening and collisions, thereby increasing the network throughput and extending the network lifetime. A novel Quorum time slot adaptive condensing (QTSAC)-based MAC protocol is proposed for achieving delay minimization and energy efficiency for the wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Compared to previous protocols, the QTSAC-based MAC protocol has …

Energy Slices: Benchmarking With Time Slicing, Katarina Grolinger, Hany F. Elyamany, Wilson Higashino, Miriam Am Capretz, Luke Seewald

Electrical and Computer Engineering Publications

Benchmarking makes it possible to identify low-performing buildings, establishes a baseline for measuring performance improvements, enables setting of energy conservation targets, and encourages energy savings by creating a competitive environment. Statistical approaches evaluate building energy efficiency by comparing measured energy consumption to other similar buildings typically using annual measurements. However, it is important to consider different time periods in benchmarking because of differences in their consumption patterns. For example, an office can be efficient during the night, but inefficient during operating hours due to occupants’ wasteful behavior. Moreover, benchmarking studies often use a single regression model for different building categories. …

A Lightweight Classification Algorithm For Human Activity Recognition In Outdoor Spaces, Graham Mccalmont, Huiru Zheng, Haiying Wang, S. I. Mcclean, Matteo Zallio, Damon Berry

Conference Papers

The aim of this paper is to discuss the development of a lightweight classification algorithm for human activity recognition in a defined setting. Current techniques to analyse data such as machine learning are often very resource intensive meaning they can only be implemented on machines or devices that have large amounts of storage or processing power. The lightweight algorithm uses Euclidean distance to measure the difference between two points and predict the class of new records.

The results of the algorithm are largely positive achieving accuracy of 100% when classifying records taken from the same sensor position and accuracy of …

Optimizing Fpga-Based Cnn Accelerator For Energy Efficiency With An Extended Roofline Model, Sayed Omid Ayat, Mohamed Khalil-Hani, Ab Al-Hadi Ab Rahman

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

In recent years, the convolutional neural network (CNN) has found wide acceptance in solving practical computer vision and image recognition problems. Also recently, due to its flexibility, faster development time, and energy efficiency, the field-programmable gate array (FPGA) has become an attractive solution to exploit the inherent parallelism in the feedforward process of the CNN. However, to meet the demands for high accuracy of today's practical recognition applications that typically have massive datasets, the sizes of CNNs have to be larger and deeper. Enlargement of the CNN aggravates the problem of off-chip memory bottleneck in the FPGA platform since there …

Energy Efficiency With An Application Container, Özmen Emre Demi̇rkol, Aşkin Demi̇rkol

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Efficient use of energy is an issue that the information technology (IT) world gives prominence to both in academia and industry. Cloud computing and the Internet of things, today's most popular subjects, make the efficient use of resources and energy even more important. Every year, millions of smart devices connected to the Internet increase the demand for data center capacity to provide service to those devices. This increases energy consumption in the IT sector. Thus, more efficient use of energy in these systems is of critical importance. The increase in the migration to cloud computing makes fast and efficient infrastructure-as-a-service …

Design Of A Multiagent-Based Smart Microgrid System For Building Energy And Comfort Management, Batyrkhan Omarov, Aigerim Altayeva

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Modern intelligent control system design methodology in the electric power industry and their features are considered when providing the required comfort in multizone buildings with the use of multiagent power consumption and comfort management systems. Such a control system covers all the monitored zones of a building and, if necessary, can provide the greatest possible overall comfort in the building while reducing the required electric power. The purpose of this study was to develop a comfort management system in a multizoned building that can provide comfort while reducing the required electric power.

Comparative Study Of On-Off Control And Novel High- Low Control Of Regenerative Indirect Evaporative Cooler (Riec)., Yi Chen, Huaxia Yan, Hongxing Yang

Faculty of Science & Technology (THEi)

The main characteristic of an indirect evaporative cooler (IEC) is its dependency on ambient air conditions. To ensure stable indoor temperature and provide better thermal comfort for the occupants, proper control strategy is essential. However, very limited studies report the controller used in IEC. Therefore, two control schemes are comparatively studied for regenerative indirect evaporative cooler (RIEC) application, including conventional on-off control and newly proposed high-low (H-L) control. Under on-off control scheme, the fans are either in operation at constant rated speeds or turned off if the indoor temperature is satisfied. While under H-L control scheme, the fans would be …

Further Development Of A Thermal Comfort Based Fuzzy Logic Controller For A Direct Expansion Air Conditioning System, Huaxia Yan, Yan Pan, Zhao Li, Shiming Deng

Faculty of Science & Technology (THEi)

The primary purpose of A/C is offering occupants with acceptable indoor thermal comfort levels. Thermal comfort is a complicated result of non-linear interactions between six parameters. However, many of current A/C systems solely control air temperature. Whenever anyone of the five parameters other than temperature varies significantly, an occupant may feel thermally uncomfortable. To address the issue, a comprehensive thermal comfort index should be used as regulator in A/C systems. One fuzzy logic controller is available. However, the approach to the fuzzy logic controller is complicated. In this paper, one previous established fuzzy logic controller is simplified for its real …

Energy-Efficient And Reliable Data Collection In Wireless Sensor Networks, Deepa Puneeth, Nishanth Joshi, Pradeep Kumar Atrey, Muralidhar Kulkarni

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Ensuring energy efficiency, data reliability, and security is important in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). A combination of variants from the cryptographic secret sharing technique and the disjoint multipath routing scheme is an effective strategy to address these requirements. Although Shamir's secret sharing (SSS) provides the desired reliability and information-theoretic security, it is not energy efficient. Alternatively, Shamir's ramp secret sharing (SRSS) provides energy efficiency and data reliability, but is only computationally secure. We argue that both these approaches may suffer from a compromised node (CN) attack when a minimum number of nodes is compromised. Hence, we propose a new scheme …

A Framework For Energy Monitoring Of Machining Workshops Based On Iot, Xingzheng Chen, Congbo Li, Ying Tang, Li Li, Qinge Xiao

Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering Faculty Scholarship

Machining workshop is a widely distributed manufacturing system that consumes massive energy in low efficiency. Due to the complicated and dynamic energy flow of the machining workshop, machinery manufacturers still lack an effective method to monitor and manage the energy efficiency. Hence, this paper proposes an energy efficiency monitoring system for machining workshop with the support of the newly emerging Internet of Things (IoT) technology. With the application of the proposed system, potential opportunities for energy efficiency improvement can be identified. Machinery manufacturers can easily reduce energy consumption and energy cost by managing the machining process.

Dynamic Choke Sensing For Timing Error Resilience In Ntc Systems, Aatreyi Bal, Shamik Saha, Sanghamitra Roy, Koushik Chakraborty

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Process variation (PV) is a conspicuous predicament for submicrometer VLSI circuits. In this paper, we illustrate "choke points" as a vital consequence of PV in the near-threshold computing domain. Choke points are PV affected sensitized logic gates with increased delay deviation. They dominate the choice of critical paths postfabrication. To mitigate the timing errors induced thereby, we propose dynamic choke sensing (DCS). This technique senses the timing error causing opcode sequences, and uses the knowledge to prevent similar sequences from causing errors in the future. We propose two variants of our scheme. Our techniques provide ~55% improvement in performance and …

Consumer Engagement With Efficient And Renewable Energy Technology: Case Studies On Smart Meter Utilization And Support For A Community Anaerobic Biodigester System In Vermont, Samantha Whitney Lewandowski

Graduate College Dissertations and Theses

Residential electricity consumption in the United States has many adverse impacts, such as greenhouse gas emissions, dependence on fossil fuels, and costs. Efficient and renewable energy technologies have the potential to help mitigate some of these impacts, but appear to be under-utilized in the United States. One major barrier to expanding the deployment of these kinds of technologies and maximizing the benefits they can provide is a lack of consumer engagement. The overall purpose of this thesis is to better understand the extent to which efficient and renewable energy technologies are being engaged with and what factors may influence such …

A Human Side Of The Smart Grid: Behavior-Based Energy Efficiency From Renters Using Real-Time Feedback And Competitive Performance-Based Incentives, Daniel Fredman

Graduate College Dissertations and Theses

Our energy system is rapidly transforming, partially due to advances in internet and communications technologies that leverage an unprecedented amount of data. Industry proponents of the so-called “smart grid” suggest these technologies facilitate deeper engagement with end-users of energy (utility customers) that can in turn drive behavior-based changes and accelerate a renewable energy transition. While there has been progress in understanding how these technologies change consumer behavior using, for example, real-time feedback, it’s unclear how specific segments (e.g., renters) respond to these interventions; it’s also unclear why feedback is, or is not, producing changes in energy consumption. The literature suggests …

Optimisation Of Stand-Alone Hybrid Energy Systems For Power And Thermal Loads, Barun Kumar Das

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Stand-alone hybrid energy systems are an attractive option for remote communities without a connection to a main power grid. However, the intermittent nature of solar and other renewable sources adversely affects the reliability with which these systems respond to load demands. Hybridisation, achieved by combining renewables with combustion-based supplementary prime movers, improves the ability to meet electric load requirements. In addition, the waste heat generated from backup Internal Combustion Engines or Micro Gas Turbines can be used to satisfy local heating and cooling loads. As a result, there is an expectation that the overall efficiency and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of …