Engineering Commons^™

A Comprehensive Review On Controlling Surface Composition Of Pt-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts, Binwei Zhang, Huiling Yang, Yunxiao Wang, Shi Xue Dou, Hua-Kun Liu

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

With increasing energy demands worldwide, significant efforts have been made to develop superior electrocatalysts for efficient energy conversion systems. Among all the electrocatalysts exploited, Pt-based bimetallic nanomaterials stand out by virtue of their high catalytic activity and relatively low cost due to the introduction of a nonprecious metal component. It should be noted that electrocatalytic reactions only take place on the surface of catalysts, so investigations of the surface composition of Pt-based bimetallic nanomaterials are necessary for practical electrocatalysts. In this review, recent studies on controlling the surface composition of Pt-based bimetallic catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction, formic acid …

In Operando Mechanism Analysis On Nanocrystalline Silicon Anode Material For Reversible And Ultrafast Sodium Storage, Lei Zhang, Xianluo Hu, Chaoji Chen, Haipeng Guo, Xiaoxiao Liu, Gengzhao Xu, Haijian Zhong, Shuang Cheng, Peng Wu, Jiashen Meng, Yunhui Huang, Shi Xue Dou, Hua-Kun Liu

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

Presently, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are the most promising commercialized electrochemical energy storage systems. Unfortunately, the limited resource of Li results in increasing cost for its scalable application and a general consciousness of the need to find new type of energy storage technologies. Very recently, substantial effort has been invested to sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their effectively unlimited nature of sodium resources. Furthermore, the potential of Li/Li+ is 0.3 V lower than that of Na/Na+, which makes it more effective to limit the electrolyte degradation on the outer surface of the electrode.[1] Nevertheless, one major obstacle for the commercial application …

Compressive Behaviour Of Square Fibre-Reinforced Polymer-Concrete-Steel Hybrid Multi-Tube Concrete Columns, Chun Wa Chan, Tao Yu, Shi Shun Zhang

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Fibre-reinforced polymer-concrete-steel hybrid multi-tube concrete columns are a new form of columns recently proposed at the University of Wollongong. An multi-tube concrete column consists of an external fibre-reinforced polymer tube and a number of circular internal steel tubes, with the space inside all the tubes filled with concrete. This article presents the first ever experimental study on square multi-tube concrete columns. The experimental program included a total of 14 stub column specimens tested under axial compression, with the test variables being the thickness of the external fibre-reinforced polymer tube, and the dimensions and configuration of the internal steel tubes. The …

Influence Of Steel Fibres On The Behaviour Of Rpc Circular Columns Under Different Loading Conditions, Ahmed Al-Tikrite, Muhammad N. S Hadi

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

An experimental program was conducted to investigate the effect of inclusion of steel fibres on the behaviour of Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) columns. Three different types of steel fibre were used: micro straight steel fibre (MF), macro deformed steel fibre (DF) and waste steel fibre (WF) recovered from discarded tyres. In addition, a hybridization of steel fibres was made up to produce waste-industrial hybridization (WHF) (MF, DF and WF). Twenty reinforced RPC column specimens were prepared and tested under axial concentric, eccentric and flexural loading. Results of testing demonstrated that the ultimate axial load and the corresponding axial deformation increased …

Mechanical Properties And Microstructure Of A Ti-6al-4v Alloy Subjected To Cold Rolling, Asymmetric Rolling And Asymmetric Cryorolling, Hai Liang Yu, Ming Yan, Jintao Li, Ajit R. Godbole, Cheng Lu, Anh Kiet Tieu, Hui Jun Li, Charlie Kong

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

The mechanical properties of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy are significantly determined by the process used for manufacture. In this study, the mechanical properties of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy manufactured using cold rolling, asymmetric rolling and asymmetric cryorolling were characterized by subjecting it to the tensile test and the microhardness test. The evolution in the microstructure was studied using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy as well as energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. Results show that the Ti-6Al-4V alloy sheets subjected to asymmetrical cryorolling with low rolling speed ratio between the upper and lower rolls have the highest tensile strength and microhardness. The tensile …

Behaviour Of Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Polymer-Confined Hollow Circular Concrete Columns With Inner Polyvinyl Chloride Tube, Hussamaldeen Goaiz, Tao Yu, Muhammad N. S Hadi

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Existing studies have shown that the use of an inner tube can significantly enhance the effectiveness of confinement in fibre-reinforced polymer-confined hollow columns. The inner tube used in the existing studies, however, generally had a large stiffness and also served as longitudinal reinforcement. The use of a stiff inner tube is inefficient in resisting bending for hollow columns with a relatively small void and may be unnecessary for constraining the inner surface of concrete. Against this background, this article presents the first experimental study on fibre-reinforced polymer-confined hollow columns with an inner polyvinyl chloride tube. The experimental program included a …

Efficient Cost Aggregation For Feature-Vector-Based Wide-Baseline Stereo Matching, Xiaoming Peng, Abdesselam Bouzerdoum, Son Lam Phung

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

In stereo matching applications, local cost aggregation techniques are usually preferred over global methods due to their speed and ease of implementation. Local methods make implicit smoothness assumptions by aggregating costs within a finite window; however, cost aggregation is a time-consuming process. Furthermore, most existing local methods are based on pixel intensity values, and hence are not efficient with feature vectors used in wide-baseline stereo matching. In this paper, a new cost aggregation method is proposed, where a Per-Column Cost matrix is combined with a feature-vector-based weighting strategy to achieve both matching accuracy and computational efficiency. Here, the proposed cost …

Local Buckling Of Steel Plates In Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Columns At Elevated Temperatures, Ghanim Mohammed Kamil, Qing Quan Liang, Muhammad N. S Hadi

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Local buckling remarkably reduces the strength of steel plates in rectangular thin-walled concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns at ambient temperature. This effect is more remarkable at elevated temperature. However, there have been very limited experimental and numerical investigations on the local and post-local buckling behavior of steel plates in CFST columns at elevated temperatures. This paper presents numerical studies on the local and post-local buckling behavior of thin steel plates under stress gradients in rectangular CFST columns at elevated temperatures. For this purpose, finite element models are developed, accounting for geometric and material nonlinearities at elevated temperatures. The initial geometric …

A Construction For {0,1,-1} Orthogonal Matrices Visualized, N A. Balonin, Jennifer Seberry

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Forced Interpass Cooling On The Material Properties Of Wire Arc Additively Manufactured Ti6al4v Alloy, Bintao Wu, Zengxi Stephen Pan, Donghong Ding, Dominic Cuiuri, Hui Jun Li, Zhenyu Fei

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

To achieve improved microstructure and mechanical properties, an innovative wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process with forced interpass cooling using compressed CO₂ was employed in this study to fabricate Ti6Al4V thin-walled structures. The effects of various interpass temperatures and rapid forced cooling on deposition geometry, surface oxidation, microstructural evolution, and mechanical properties of the fabricated part were investigated by laser profilometry, optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), hardness testing and mechanical tensile testing. Results show that the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of the deposited metal are not greatly affected by an increasing interpass temperature, however, the deposited …

Shift-Tail Equivalence And An Unbounded Representative Of The Cuntz-Pimsner Extension, Magnus Goffeng, Bram Mesland, Adam C. Rennie

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

We show how the fine structure in shift-tail equivalence, appearing in the non-commutative geometry of Cuntz-Krieger algebras developed by the first two listed authors, has an analogue in a wide range of other Cuntz-Pimsner algebras. To illustrate this structure, and where it appears, we produce an unbounded representative of the defining extension of the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra constructed from a finitely generated projective bi-Hilbertian module, extending work by the third listed author with Robertson and Sims. As an application, our construction yields new spectral triples for Cuntz and Cuntz-Krieger algebras and for Cuntz-Pimsner algebras associated to vector bundles twisted by an …

A New Elementary Proof Of Euler's Continued Fractions, Joseph Tonien

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

A new elementary proof of Euler's continued fractions

The Impact Of Imaging Modality (Ct Vs Mri) And Patient Position (Supine Vs Prone) On Tangential Whole Breast Radiation Therapy Planning, Kylie L. Dundas, Elise M. Pogson, Vikneswary Batumalai, Geoff P. Delaney, Miriam M. Boxer, Mei Ling Yap, Verity Ahern, Christine Chan, Steven David, Marion Dimigen, Jennifer A. Harvey, Eng-Siew Koh, Karen Lim, George Papadatos, Elizabeth Lazarus, Joseph Descellar, Peter E. Metcalfe, Lois C. Holloway

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) versus computed tomography (CT)-derived planning target volumes (PTVs), in both supine and prone positions, for whole breast (WB) radiation therapy.

Methods and materials

Four WB radiation therapy plans were generated for 28 patients in which PTVs were generated based on CT or MRI data alone in both supine and prone positions. A 6-MV tangential intensity modulated radiation therapy technique was used, with plans designated as ideal, acceptable, or noncompliant. Dose metrics for PTVs and organs at risk were compared to analyze any differences …

Development And Evaluation Of An Mre-Based Absorber With Two Individually Controllable Natural Frequencies, Jie Yang, Shuaishuai Sun, J Chi, Donghong Ning, Haiping Du, Shan-Wen Zhang, Weihua Li, Shixin Mao

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Adaptive tuned mass absorbers, which are based on magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) have been widely accepted for vibration absorption due to their frequency shift capability. Wider frequency bandwidth indicates more effectiveness in reducing vibrations. In order to broaden the effective bandwidth of the MRE-based absorber, this study proposes a new design consisting of an eccentric mass. This design enables the absorber to have two natural frequencies: the rotational natural frequency and the translational one. These two natural frequencies can be controlled separately by adjusting the MRE stiffness and the eccentric length. This design not only broadens the effective bandwidth of the …

Position Control Of A Soft Prosthetic Finger With Limited Feedback Information, Solen Kumbay-Yildiz, Rahim Mutlu, Gursel Alici

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

One of the challenging research questions in soft robotics is the establishment of valid mathematical models and control techniques under limited feedback conditions. A soft robotic system will typically have a continuum or monolithic body seamlessly embodying its actuation and sensing elements, accompanied by mechanical structure, and even the energy source, much like a biological system. In this study, we propose a relay sliding mode controller based on the input - output model (RSMC-IO), which is a simple but effective control approach that does not require a complete system model, to control the tip position of a soft prosthetic finger, …

Driver Intention Based Coordinate Control Of Regenerative And Plugging Braking For Electric Vehicles With In-Wheel Pmsms, Wenfei Li, Haiping Du, Weihua Li

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Electric vehicles have been the focus of the automotive industry in recent years. However, relatively small driving range of electric vehicles makes it not be broadly adopted in the market. Regenerative braking is one of the most effective ways to extend the endurance of electric vehicles. To sufficiently utilise the regenerative braking of electric vehicles and explore the potential of the electric motor plugging braking capability to simplify the braking system structure and reduce the cost, a new braking strategy based on the driver's braking intention and motor working characteristics is proposed. Driver's braking intention is classified as the emergency …

A 3d Approach For The Visualization Of Network Intrusion Detection Data, Wei Zong, Yang-Wai Chow, Willy Susilo

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

With the increasing threat of cyber attacks, machine learning techniques have been researched extensively in the area of network intrusion detection. Such techniques can potentially provide a means for the real-time automated detection of attacks and abnormal traffic patterns. However, misclassification is a common problem in machine learning techniques for intrusion detection, and a lack of insight into why such misclassification occurs impedes the improvement of machine learning models. This paper presents an approach to visualizing network intrusion detection data in 3D. The purpose of this is to facilitate the understanding of network intrusion detection datasets using a visual representation …

Modeling Supply Network Configuration Problems With Varying Demand Profiles, Subodha Dharmapriya, Senevi Kiridena, Nagesh Shukla

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

In this paper, we develop a novel multi-objective modeling approach to support supply network configuration decisions, while considering varying demand profiles. In so doing, we illustrate how such an approach could contribute to building supply network robustness and resilience. The proposed model entails two key objectives; minimizing lead time and cost across the supply network. The solution approach first employs a bidding mechanism to select a set of supply network entities that match with a given demand profile from a candidate pool of entities. It then applies the popular technique known as N on-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II to generate a …

Preferred Traces On C⁎-Algebras Of Self-Similar Groupoids Arising As Fixed Points, Joan Claramunt, Aidan Sims

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Recent results of Laca, Raeburn, Ramagge and Whittaker show that any self-similar action of a groupoid on a graph determines a 1-parameter family of self-mappings of the trace space of the groupoid C⁎-algebra. We investigate the fixed points for these self-mappings, under the same hypotheses that Laca et al. used to prove that the C⁎-algebra of the self-similar action admits a unique KMS state. We prove that for any value of the parameter, the associated self-mapping admits a unique fixed point, which is a universal attractor. This fixed point is precisely the trace that extends to a KMS state on …

The Impact Of Contour Variation On Tumour Control Probability In Anal Cancer, Michael Jones, Jarad Martin, Kerwyn Y. Foo, Patrick Estoesta, Lois C. Holloway, Michael Jameson

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Background: While intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) has been widely adopted for the treatment of anal cancer (AC), the added contour complexity poses potential risks. This study investigates the impact of contour variation on tumour control probability (TCP) when using IMRT for AC. Methods: Nine Australian centres contoured a single computed tomography dataset of a patient with AC. The same optimised template-based IMRT planning protocol was applied to each contour set to generate nine representative treatment plans and their corresponding dose volume histograms. A geometric analysis was performed on all contours. The TCP was calculated for each plan using the linear …

The Murray Darling Basin Plan Is Not Delivering - There's No More Time To Waste, Quentin Grafton, Darla Hatton Macdonald, David Paton, Graham P. Harris, Henning Bjornlund, Jeffery D. Connor, John Quiggin, John Williams, Lin Crase, Richard T. Kingsford, Sarah Ann Wheeler

SMART Infrastructure Facility - Papers

More than five years after the Murray Darling Basin Plan was implemented, it's clear that it is not delivering on its key objectives. The Basin Plan, at its core, is about reducing the amount of water that can be extracted from its streams, rivers and aquifers. It includes an environmental water strategy to improve the conditions of the wetlands and rivers of the basin. The Productivity Commission will conduct a five-yearly inquiry into the effectiveness of the Basin Plan in 2018. It is high time to explain what is really going on in the Basin and water recovery. For this …

Comparison Study On Development Path For Small And Medium-Sized Enterprises E-Commerce Using Complex Fuzzy Sets, Lipeng Feng, Jun Ma, Yong Wang, Jie Yang

SMART Infrastructure Facility - Papers

E-commerce has grown exponentially in the past decade in global market. In China most E-commerce enterprises are small and medium-sized (SMEs). Compared to their large-sized counterparts, SMEs have to face many obstacles when extending their E-commerce businesses. In view of the complexity and periodicity of criteria in SMEs' development, the paper develop an evaluation method using complex fuzzy sets (CFS) to help them select appropriate development path. Then the paper focuses on a case study in Chongqing, China and compares the results with two other different methods (TOPSIS and COPRAS). The study indicates that the presented work can better handle …

Review Of Modelling Air Pollution From Traffic At Street-Level - The State Of The Science, Hugh I. Forehead, Nam N. Huynh

SMART Infrastructure Facility - Papers

Traffic emissions are a complex and variable cocktail of toxic chemicals. They are the major source of atmospheric pollution in the parts of cities where people live, commute and work. Reducing exposure requires information about the distribution and nature of emissions. Spatially and temporally detailed data are required, because both the rate of production and the composition of emissions vary significantly with time of day and with local changes in wind, traffic composition and flow. Increasing computer processing power means that models can accept highly detailed inputs of fleet, fuels and road networks. The state of the science models can …

Employing The Model Based Systems Engineering Methodologies To Develop A Domain Specific Language For Contracting Of Infrastructure Projects, Farid Shirvani, Pascal Perez, Peter Campbell, Ghassan Beydoun

SMART Infrastructure Facility - Papers

The procurement of infrastructure systems by the public sector is very costly, long and not transparent since the processes are based on preparing huge amounts of documents which are difficult to be kept consistent and to be used (e.g. bid evaluation). Acquisition architecture frameworks (AF) are metamodels, developed to model the whole enterprise/system life cycle stages including system procurement. Our previous study analyzed the currently used AFs such as DoDAF, MoDAF and TRAK to assess their adequacy and efficiency in modelling the infrastructure projects. The results showed that many of the procurement related concerns are overlooked such as financial matters …

A Genetic Column Generation Algorithm For Sustainable Spare Part Delivery: Application To The Sydney Droppoint Network, Michelle E. Dunbar, Simon Belieres, Nagesh Shukla, Mehrdad Amirghasemi, Pascal Perez, Nishikant Mishra

SMART Infrastructure Facility - Papers

Modern-day logistics companies require increasingly shorter lead-times in order to cater for the increasing popularity of on-demand services. There is consequently an urgent need for fast scheduling algorithms to provide high quality, real-time implementable solutions. In this work we model a spare part delivery problem for an on-demand logistics company, as a variant of vehicle routing problem. For large delivery networks, the optimisation solution technique of column generation has been employed successfully in a variety of vehicle routing settings and is often used in combination with exact methods for solving problems with a large number of variables. Challenges may arise …

Improving Connectivity Between Coastal Economics And Capital Cities, Fariba Ramezani, Joseph J. Branigan, Pascal Perez

SMART Infrastructure Facility - Papers

Tourism industry plays a significant role in NSW economy, directly contributing $17.3 billion to NSW Gross State Product (GSP) in 2016-17. Adding the indirect impacts of this sector, the total contribution of tourism to the NSW GSP will increase to $34.2 billion in the same year. The globally known attractions such as the Opera House, Bondi Beach and the Harbour Bridge make Sydney the most visited tourist destination in the State, especially for international tourists. The Illawarra region is also a nationally and internationally recognised tourist destination due to its proximity to Sydney, its unique natural resources such as the …

Towards The Right Ordering Of The Sequence Of Models For The Evolution Of A Population Using Agent-Based Simulation, Morgane Dumont, Johan Barthelemy, Nam N. Huynh, Timoteo Carletti

SMART Infrastructure Facility - Papers

Agent based modelling is nowadays widely used in transport and the social science. Forecasting population evolution and analysing the impact of hypothetical policies are often the main goal of these developments. Such models are based on sub-models defining the interactions of agents either with other agents or with their environment. Sometimes, several models represent phenomena arising at the same time in the real life. Hence, the question of the order in which these sub-models need to be applied is very relevant for simulation outcomes. This paper aims to analyse and quantify the impact of the change in the order of …

Residual Stresses Induced In T Butt Welds From Submerged Arc Welding Of High Strength Thick Section Steel Members, Glen Sloan, S Pearce, Valerie M. Linton, X Ficquet, E Kingston, I Brown

SMART Infrastructure Facility - Papers

The overall residual stress profiles of a weld fabricated structures such as a submarine pressure hull fabricated using high strength welds joining quench and tempered steels is complex as they are the net profiles from the build-up or relaxation of the residual stresses induced into the welds and structural members from each step in the fabrication process. University of Adelaide with its research partners has attempted to increase the knowledge of residual stresses in this type of structure by undertaking a comprehensive residual stress measurement program using test pieces representing each stage of the fabrication of a submarine pressure hull …

Metal-Oxygen Bonds: Stabilizing The Intermediate Species Towards Practical Li-Air Batteries, Yuyang Hou, Yuqing Liu, Zhen Zhou, Lili Liu, Haipeng Guo, Hua-Kun Liu, Jiazhao Wang, Jun Chen

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

Rechargeable nonaqueous Li-air batteries are attracting much attention due to their far higher theoretical energy density than lithium-ion batteries. However, Li-air batteries suffers from poor round-trip efficiency, low rate capability and poor cycle life. To reduce charge overpotentials by understanding reaction mechanism and to operate in ambient air instead of pure oxygen are prerequisites to realization of practical Li-air batteries. Here, we demonstrate a practical Li-air battery using Mo 2 C/CNT as a potential promoter with high round-trip efficiency (∼80%) and improved cycling performance (40 cycles) because Mo 2 C stabilizes the intermediate species from reduction of both O 2 …

The Effect Of Amorphous Tio2 In P25 On Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Performance, Kadhim Al-Attafi, Andrew Nattestad, Qijie Wu, Yusuke Ide, Yusuke Yamauchi, Shi Xue Dou, Jung Ho Kim

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

P25 is one of the most widely used forms of titanium(IV) oxide (TiO2), routinely utilised in dye-sensitised solar cells (DSCs), where it is often employed as a control, in spite of its poorly defined nature and the typically low device efficiency (or possibly because of this). Work by Park in 2000 and later by Lin et al. suggests that the rutile component might not be to blame for this, as has often been claimed. Recently it has been observed that P25 has quite a sizable amorphous content. A method to selectively remove this non-crystalline material has been developed, allowing for …