Engineering Commons^™

Bus Route Operational Efficiency Evaluation In Milwaukee County, Ebtesam Hazbavi

Theses and Dissertations

ABSTRACT

BUS ROUTE OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY EVALUATION IN MILWAUKEE COUNTY

by

Ebtesam Hazbavi

The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2015

Under the Supervision of Professor Yue Liu

Public transit systems are expanding in the majority of cities in the United States due to the increasing numbers of people who use public transportation as their main commute facility. Evaluating the efficiency of public transit systems results in providing better services for the residents on one hand and reduces the unnecessary costs on the other hand.

In this research, the efficiencies of bus routes options in County are evaluated. After reviewing different literature, Fuzzy AHP …

Keynote: Justifying Uberveillance- The Internet Of Things And The Flawed Sustainability Premise, Katina Michael

Professor Katina Michael

Imagine a world where everything was numbered. Not just homes with street addresses, or cars with number plates, or smart phones with telephone numbers, or email addresses with passwords, but absolutely everything you could see and touch and even that which you could not. Well, that world is here, right now. This vast expanse we call “Earth” is currently being quantified and photographed, inch by inch, by satellites, street cameras, drones and high altitude balloons. Longitude and latitude coordinates provide us with the precise degrees, minutes and seconds of the physical space, and unique time stamps tell us where a …

Modeling And Test Of The Efficiency Of Electronic Speed Controllers For Brushless Dc Motors, Clayton R. Green

Master's Theses

Small electric uninhabited aerial vehicles (UAV) represent a rapidly expanding market requiring optimization in both efficiency and weight; efficiency is critical during cruise or loiter where the vehicle operates at part power for up to 99% of the mission time. Of the four components (battery, motor, propeller, and electronic speed controller (ESC)) of the electric propulsion system used in small UAVs, the ESC has no accepted performance model and almost no published performance data. To collect performance data, instrumentation was developed to measure electrical power in and out of the ESC using the two wattmeter method and current sense resistors; …

The Effects Of Ivc Modulation On Modern Diesel Engines Equipped With Variable Valve Actuation At High Load And Speed, Troy E. Odstrcil, Gregory M. Shaver, Cody M. Allen

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

Modern diesel compression engines are known for their increased durability, fuel economy and torque when compared with their spark ignition gasoline counterparts. These are some of the reasons why diesel engines are preferred in heavy duty applications such as trains and semi-trucks. During the Heavy Duty Federal Test Procedure transient drive cycle, or HDFTP, nearly 85% of the total fuel burned is at speeds greater than 2000 revolutions per minute (RPM) for the studied engine. Therefore, it is desirable to increase the fuel economy at these loads and speeds. It is hypothesized that the use of late intake valve close …

Design And Comparison Of Si-Based And Sic-Based Three-Phase Pv Inverters, Wei Fu

Theses and Dissertations

The opportunities for both power density and efficiency improvements of photovoltaic (PV) inverter have come with the development of commercially available wide bandgap (WBG) devices such as Gallium Nitride (GaN), and Silicon Carbide (SiC).

In this thesis, how the replacement of Silicon (Si) Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT), with SiC Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) affects the power density and efficiency of a solar inverter implementation is presented. The focus is on achieving a minimum volume of the output filter which meet the current harmonic performance of IEEE standard, while meeting the thermal constraint of the semiconductor device. Efficiency improvements …

Slides: Food Production: Technical Challenges In Agricultural Water Conservation, Perry Cabot

Innovations in Managing Western Water: New Approaches for Balancing Environmental, Social and Economic Outcomes (Martz Summer Conference, June 11-12)

Presenter: Dr. Perry Cabot, Research Scientist and Extension Specialist, Colorado Water Institute, Colorado State University

35 slides

Electrolytic Recovery Of Bismuth And Copper As A Powder From Acidic Sulfate Effluents Using An Emew® Cell, Wei Jin, Paul I. Laforest, Alex Luyima, Weldon Read, Luis M. Navarro, Michael S. Moats

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Effective removal of bismuth is a primary concern during copper electrorefining. A novel electrowinning process using an emew® cell was developed to recover bismuth and copper from a copper electrorefining waste stream. Significant removal and co-deposition of copper and bismuth were achieved from a highly acidic sulfate industrial effluent using a current density of 350 A m^-2, but the current efficiency was low (27%). Operating at a lower current density (75 A m^-2) facilitated the preferred removal of Cu, while increasing current efficiency to 67.4% due to the decrease of aside-reaction. Consequently, a two-stage process was …

Improved Methods For Identifying, Applying, And Verifying Industrial Energy Efficiency Measures, Andrew Chase Harding

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Energy efficiency is the least expensive source of additional energy capacity for today's global energy expansion. Energy efficiency offers additional benefits of cost savings for consumers, reduced environmental impacts, and enhanced energy security. The challenges of energy efficiency include identifying potential efficiency measures, quantifying savings, determining cost effectiveness, and verifying savings of installed measures. This thesis presents three separate chapters which address these challenges. The first is a paper presented at the 2014 industrial energy technology conference (IETC) that details a compressed air system project using the systems approach to identify cost effective measures, energy intensity to project savings, and …

Drip Hydraulics Program, Garret Blocher

BioResource and Agricultural Engineering

This senior project report lays out the production of drip hydraulics software composed in Microsoft Excel and backed by coding in Visual Basic for Applications. The program performs 2 main functions useful in the design of irrigation systems. The first is based on performing single hose computations under three different circumstances. It can solve for the average emitter flow rate given the hose inlet pressure, the inlet pressure given the average emitter flow rate, and can model hose pressures and flow rates while flushing. The second function is to place a manifold in the hydraulically optimum location on a slope. …

A Study Of The Impact Of Various Geometric Factors On The Capacity Of Short Range Indoor Mimo Communications Channels, Anthony Grennan

Doctoral

MIMO antenna array systems have been proposed as a means of increasing the spectral efficiency of wireless systems. However, their performance is likely to be sub-optimal if typical uniform antenna array structures are arbitrarily positioned; as they depend on spatial multiplexing. This is particularly true for indoor environments in which transmission ranges are short resulting in a strong correlation of the main propagation paths, especially the line-of-sight components. This makes it difficult to achieve successful spatial multiplexing which depends on a decorrelated set of signal components. Thus, the physical propagation channel and geometry of the antenna arrays, especially the inter-element …

General Properties For Determining Power Loss And Efficiency Of Passive Multi-Port Microwave Networks, Ramakrishna Janaswamy

Ramakrishna Janaswamy

Starting from the scattering matrix formulation, three useful properties are derived that characterize the dissipative loss and the corresponding efficiency of a multiport, passive microwave network. Elementary examples are considered that involve both reciprocal and non-reciprocal networks to demonstrate the utility of the expressions provided. When applied to the equal-split, matched, 3-port resistive divider, they recover the known fact that the device is 50% efficient. The relations yield the new result that the efficiency of a 3-port Wilkinson power divider is 2/3 on the average. Using the results presented it is further shown that the Wilkinson power divider belongs to …

Indirect Radio-Chemo-Beta Therapy: A Targeted Approach To Increase Biological Efficiency Of X-Rays Based On Energy, Sianne Oktaria, Stephanie Corde, Michael L. F Lerch, Konstantin K. Konstantinov, Anatoly B. Rosenfeld, Moeava Tehei

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Despite the use of multimodal treatments incorporating surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, local control of gliomas remains a major challenge. The potential of a new treatment approach called indirect radio-chemo-beta therapy using the synergy created by combining methotrexate (MTX) with bromodeoxyuridine (BrUdR) under optimum energy x-ray irradiation is assessed. 9L rat gliosarcoma cells pre-treated with 0.01 μM MTX and/or 10 μM BrUdR were irradiated in vitro with 50 kVp, 125 kVp, 250 kVp, 6 MV and 10 MV x-rays. The cytotoxicity was assessed using clonogenic survival as the radiobiological endpoint. The photon energy with maximum effect was determined using radiation sensitization …

Energy Efficiency Analysis Of Antenna Selection Multi-Input Multi-Output Automatic Repeat Request Systems Over Nakagami-M Fading Channels, Ngoc Phuc Le, Le Chung Tran, Farzad Safaei, Vineeth Satheeskum Varma

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

In this study, the authors investigate energy efficiency in antenna selection multi-input multi-output automatic repeat request (MIMO ARQ) wireless systems. The authors first derive an approximate expression for the average frame-error rate (FER) in antenna selection MIMO systems over quasi-static Nakagami-m fading channels. The FER approximation is then used to obtain an analytical expression of an energy-efficiency metric that is defined as the total energy required to successfully deliver one information bit. The authors prove that this energy-efficiency metric is a quasi-convex function with respect to the average signal-to-noise ratio value. Based on this analysis, the authors obtain the optimal …

Maximising Energy Efficiency In Antenna Selection Mimo Wireless Systems Subject To Qos Constraints, Ngoc Phuc Le, Farzad Safaei, Le Chung Tran

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Energy-efficiency (EE) in antenna selection multi-input–multi-output (MIMO) systems over Nakagami-m fading channels is investigated. An EE metric is defined as the number of successfully received bits per unit of energy consumption, which takes into account several important system parameters such as channel coding and modulation. An optimisation problem that maximises the EE metric subject to an error-performance constraint is formulated. On the basis of an analysis of this problem, the optimal value of the average energy per transmitted data symbol is obtained, such that the EE in the system is maximised. Simulation results are provided to validate the analysis.

Mesoporous Hierarchical Anatase For Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Achieving Over 10% Conversion Efficiency, Jianjian Lin, Yoon-Uk Heo, Andrew Nattestad, Yusuke Yamauchi, S X. Dou, Jung Ho Kim

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

Interest in both one-dimensional and hierarchical architectures of metal oxide semiconductors has intensified within the field of materials science over recent years. Herein, a new mesoporous anatase TiO₂ architecture that combines these two concepts, as it is composed of individual, high-aspect-ratio, nanoribbon-like components, was synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method without any surfactant or template. An 8.3% solar-to-electric conversion efficiency was obtained when these structures were used in photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells, which are superior to commercial state-of-the-art TiO₂ (6.6%), due to enhanced dye loading and efficient light scattering. To further improve the light scattering effect, a …

Boosting The Efficiency Of Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells Up To 7.11% Through Simultaneous Engineering Of Photocathode And Photoanode, Yang Bai, Chao Han, Xinqi Chen, Hua Yu, Xu Zong, Zhen Li, Lianzhou Wang

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

We demonstrate a new strategy of boosting the efficiency of quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) by engineering the photocathode and photoanode simultaneously. Nanostructured photocathodes based on non-stoichiometric Cu_2-xSe electrocatalysts were developed via a simple and scalable approach for CdS/CdSe QDs co-sensitized solar cells. Compared to Cu₂S CE, remarkably improved photovoltaic performance was achieved for QDSSCs with Cu_2-xSe CEs. The superior catalytic activity and electrical conductivity of Cu_2-xSe CEs were verified by the electrochemical impedance spectra and Tafel-polarization measurements. To maximize the efficiency enhancement, the photoanodes were optimized by introducing a pillared …

Evaluation Of Tcp Header Fields For Data Overhead Efficiency, Justin K. Yirka

Undergraduate Research Posters

Bandwidth across the internet is constricted by monetary factors and hardware development, so researchers are left to improve the efficiency of data transmitted in order to improve internet speeds. The transmission control protocol (TCP) is the primary transport protocol on the modern internet, ensuring reliable delivery of the majority of data transmitted. I evaluated the TCP header fields for efficient use of data overhead so as to determine current waste and to suggest possible areas for revision. I examined original specifications for TCP mechanisms, comparing them to modern implementations as determined by updated standards and modern practices in the networking …

Working In Partnership To Develop Engineering Capacity In Energy Efficiency, Cheryl Desha, Duane A. Robinson, Alistair Sproul

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Energy efficiency is a complex topic to integrate into higher education curricula, with limited success internationally or in Australia. This paper discusses one of the successful initiatives within the Energy Efficiency Training Program, which was jointly managed and implemented by the New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage and Department of Education and Communities. The state government initiative aimed to increase the knowledge and skills of the New South Wales workforce, help business to identify and implement energy efficiency projects, and provide professional development for the training providers. Key sectors targeted included property, construction, manufacturing and services. The Program …

Application Of Adaptive Albedo Roofing Coatings In The Southeastern United States, Christopher Michael Gray

All ETDs from UAB

In hot climates, such as the Southeastern United States, the roof heat gain of low-rise commercial buildings has led to widespread adoption of high reflectivity, "cool" roofing materials to reduce the building's cooling load. Cooling reduction techniques are of particular interest to electric utilities in the Southeast who are obligated to provide energy infrastructure to supply these loads. Regrettably, a consequence of cool roofs is increased heating load in cool months, thereby reducing their overall value. A potential solution is a roof surface which reversibly and automatically adapts its albedo to the building's thermal profile. Thermochromic polymers, which reversibly change …

Increasing Efficiency Of Thermal Desalination, Jarrod A. Edwards, Mackinzie Washington, Chan Jung, Ben Garrison

Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects

No abstract provided.