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Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Transient Analysis Of Second-Order Charge Pump Pll For Phase Step Input, Mohammad Vafadar, Habib Adrang Aug 2015

Transient Analysis Of Second-Order Charge Pump Pll For Phase Step Input, Mohammad Vafadar, Habib Adrang

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

This paper presents the analysis and simulation of second-order charge pump phase-locked loop by applying the phase step at the entrance and calculates the fast lock and transient time and the effects of loop parameters such as capacitor, resistor, loo filter current, control voltage oscillator at the at the fast lock investigated and plotted in the diagram at transition time. All simulation was performed by matlab software.


Optimal Design And Feasibility Study Of Renewable Hybrid Energy Systems, Sayantani Dey, Samrat Malakar Aug 2015

Optimal Design And Feasibility Study Of Renewable Hybrid Energy Systems, Sayantani Dey, Samrat Malakar

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

Of the 1.24 billion people in the country, more than 450 million people do not have access to electricity as well as over 95,000 villages still remain dark after sunset. Even the electrified villages suffer power cuts of 15 hours or more on a daily basis. These problems compel us to resort to other energy sources that are inexhaustible. The paper proposes analysis and comparative study of Hybrid Renewable Electric System, especially Photovoltaic-Fuel cell hybrid system, Wind-Fuel cell hybrid system and Photovoltaic-Wind-Fuel Cell hybrid system with Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) software for distributed generation system. The model …


An Efficient Diode Clamped Multilevel Inverter For Reducing Thd With Selective Harmonic Elimination Pulse Width Modulation (Shepwm), M. Abbas Khan, Haider Ali, Syed Nouman Shah, Dr.M Tariq Aug 2015

An Efficient Diode Clamped Multilevel Inverter For Reducing Thd With Selective Harmonic Elimination Pulse Width Modulation (Shepwm), M. Abbas Khan, Haider Ali, Syed Nouman Shah, Dr.M Tariq

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

Selective harmonic elimination pulse width modulation (SHEPWM) technique is applied to diode clamped multi-level inverter (DCMLI) to reduce total harmonic distortion (THD) and improve the quality of output power. The modulation technique is implemented centered on dog leg optimization method to find the optimized values for switching angles (θ) of switches (IGBTs) employed. Twelve level diode clamped inverter is implemented in Matlab and the results are compared with non-optimized switching angles also 5-level DCMLI using SHEPWM is compared with other modulation techniques.


Traveling Wave Solutions For The Foam Drainage Equation And The Enhanced ( G/G )-Expansion Method, S. M. Rayhanul Islam, M. Shuzon Ali, M. Shaiful Islam, Kamruzzaman Khan Aug 2015

Traveling Wave Solutions For The Foam Drainage Equation And The Enhanced ( G/G )-Expansion Method, S. M. Rayhanul Islam, M. Shuzon Ali, M. Shaiful Islam, Kamruzzaman Khan

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

In this paper, the enhanced ( G/G )-expansion method is used to assemble the traveling wave solutions involving parameters of the Foam Drainage equation, where G  G() satisfies a second order linear differential equation. The traveling wave solutions are expressed by the hyperbolic functions and the trigonometric functions. When some arbitrary functions included in these solutions are taken as some special functions, these solutions possess profuse structures. This method is direct, concise elementary and effective and can be used for many other nonlinear evolutions equations.


Performance Of Discrete Wavelet Transform Based On Ofdm With Adaptive Modulation, Weaam Talaat Ali Aug 2015

Performance Of Discrete Wavelet Transform Based On Ofdm With Adaptive Modulation, Weaam Talaat Ali

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

In the mobile environments, the channel will be highly hostile at high data rate transmission. To combat with this problem, many designs were proposed and developed, such as, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system. Adaptive modulation improves the system efficiency by matching transmission parameters to channel variations, so that, OFDM system with Adaptive modulation technique will be achieved an efficient bandwidth transmission technique in wireless fading environments. In this paper, Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is used in OFDM system and illustrates the improvement of Bit Error Rate (BER) and throughput performances compared with used Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT). DWT with …


Steady State Analysis Of Wind Driven Sm-Bdfig In The Super-Synchronous Range Of Operation, Mahmoud A. Saleh, Maged N. F. Nashed,, Mona N. Eskander Aug 2015

Steady State Analysis Of Wind Driven Sm-Bdfig In The Super-Synchronous Range Of Operation, Mahmoud A. Saleh, Maged N. F. Nashed,, Mona N. Eskander

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

In this paper a simplified mathematical model of a single machine brushless double fed induction generator (SM-BDFIG) connected to a variable speed wind turbine is presented. The SM-BDFIG consists of a slip ring induction machine, which is the main generator, a converter, and a battery pack mounted on the same shaft. In the supersynchronous speed range of operation, which is investigated in this research paper, the rotor voltage is rectified and used to charge the batteries. The steady state performance of the proposed generator is studied at different values of battery open circuit voltage, different values of the battery internal …


Design And Modeling Of A Novel Micro-Power Generator Based On Harvesting Omni-Directional Vibration Energy, E. Elsherbiny, M. T. Elhagry, M. S. M. Soliman, Essam Abu Elzahab Aug 2015

Design And Modeling Of A Novel Micro-Power Generator Based On Harvesting Omni-Directional Vibration Energy, E. Elsherbiny, M. T. Elhagry, M. S. M. Soliman, Essam Abu Elzahab

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

In This paper reports on the integration of several technologies to realize, by modeling and design the first twodimensional (2D) micro power generator which harvesting multi-directional vibration energy from surrounding environmental, which consists of composite cylindrical system with fixed coil and two rounded axial Neodymium permanent magnets


Power Quality Improvement By 11 Level Multilevel Inverter With Reduced Number Of Switches, P. T.Krishna Sai, Mahammad. Iliyas Aug 2015

Power Quality Improvement By 11 Level Multilevel Inverter With Reduced Number Of Switches, P. T.Krishna Sai, Mahammad. Iliyas

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

This paper deals with 11-level multilevel inverter. Almost all the drawbacks of the conventional multilevel inverters is rectified by the proposed topology. This topology uses less number of switches as compared with conventional topology, where it reduces the complexity and overall size of the system which in turn reduces the harmonics and cost of the entire system. Fewer switches will be conducting for specific time intervals so switching loss is also reduced in the proposed topology. A 11-level inverter simulation is carried with the implementation of nearest level control. The proposal is validated by extensive simulation studies.


Design Of 8-Element Linear Array With Practical Problem Diagnosis Of Faulty Element Using Particle Swarm Optimization, Vishal Puri, Shaveta Puri Jul 2015

Design Of 8-Element Linear Array With Practical Problem Diagnosis Of Faulty Element Using Particle Swarm Optimization, Vishal Puri, Shaveta Puri

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

Design of 8 element linear array as a model set up by using IE3D setup. Satellite applications involve millions of elements Defect in an element is difficult to diagnose and require optimization approach. The paper intends to design 8 element arrays as a satellite model and making its element defective for diagnosis Particle swarm optimization technique is used for the purpose of diagnosis. Detection of defective element in a satellite antenna requires optimized approach A calibration system can be used in satellite itself but in case of any failure, calibration can also be defective. So the good solution will be …


Implementation Of Regular Linear Carry Select Adder With Binary To Excess-1 Converter, K. Bala Sindhuri Jul 2015

Implementation Of Regular Linear Carry Select Adder With Binary To Excess-1 Converter, K. Bala Sindhuri

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

Regular Linear Carry Select Adder (RCSLA) is one of the fastest adders. From the structure of RCSLA, there is scope to reduce area by using Binary to Excess-1 converter (BEC) technique. By using BEC technique in RCSLA 16, 32, 64 bit architectures have been developed and compared with Regular Linear Carry Select Adder. The modified architectures have reduced area and power with slight increase in delay. Simulation and Synthesis are carried on Xilinx ISE 12.2.The result analysis shows that the modified architectures are better than RCSLA.


Dynamic Performance Of A Single Machine Brushless Dfig During Wind Speed Variation, Mona N. Eskander, Mahmoud A. Saleh, Maged N. F. Nashed Jul 2015

Dynamic Performance Of A Single Machine Brushless Dfig During Wind Speed Variation, Mona N. Eskander, Mahmoud A. Saleh, Maged N. F. Nashed

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

In this paper, the dynamic performance of the specially-designed Single Machine Brushless Doubly-Fed Induction Generator "SM-BDFIG" coupled to variable speed wind turbine is investigated. The rotor voltage of the SM-BDFIG during super-synchronous operation is used to charge a number of batteries, connected to the rotor via a 3- phase bridge rectifier. The number of charged battery cells are changed, by parallel and series connections, according to the wind speed variation, and consequently, the rotor voltage variation. The response of the stator, rotor, and DC link voltages and currents due to wind speed variations is presented. The electromagnetic torque, the stator …


Accident Prevention By Eye Blinking Sensor And Alcohol Detector, Deepa K. B, Chaitra M, Ankit Kumar Sharma, Sreedhar V. S, Prashanth Kumar H.K Jul 2015

Accident Prevention By Eye Blinking Sensor And Alcohol Detector, Deepa K. B, Chaitra M, Ankit Kumar Sharma, Sreedhar V. S, Prashanth Kumar H.K

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

This system provides a unique method to curb drunken and drowsy people. This system has an alcohol sensor and eye blinking sensor embedded in the vehicles. Whenever the driver start vehicle, the sensors senses the eye blink and measures the content of alcohol in his breathe and automatically sends the signal to buzzer, gsm and lcd. In this system the outputs of sensors are given to the microcontroller for comparison. If the value reaches to fixed limit then automatically gsm will send the sms, buzzer will produces sound and lcd will display the message.


Simulation Of Power Transformer Protection Using Microcontroller Relay, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Arpit Rana, Jeet Shah, Anuradha Deshpande Jun 2015

Simulation Of Power Transformer Protection Using Microcontroller Relay, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Arpit Rana, Jeet Shah, Anuradha Deshpande

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

Power transformers are key components for electrical energy transfer in a Power system. In order to protect the transformers from these faults different protective methods are adopted. Some of them are differential protection, over excitation Protection, etc. In this Paper Over Voltage protection is established for the protection of the transformer. Microcontroller is used for the Power Transformer Protection as a relay. It will sense the fault Due to over voltage of about +5% and send trip signal to the relay driver circuit and the power transformer will automatically get isolated from the system. The Simulation circuit is designed in …


Single Phase Pv Inverter Applying A Dual Boost Technology, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Sudha Bhutada, S.R. Nigam Jun 2015

Single Phase Pv Inverter Applying A Dual Boost Technology, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Sudha Bhutada, S.R. Nigam

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

In this paper, a single-phase PV inverter applying a dual boost converter circuit inverter is proposed for photovoltaic (PV) generation system and PV grid connected system. This system is designed to improve integration of a Single phase inverter with Photovoltaic panel. The DC 24V is converted into to 86V DC and then 86V DC to 312V DC. The 312 V DC is then successfully inverted to AC 220V. Hence solar energy is powerfully converted into electrical energy for fulfilling the necessities of the home load, or to link with the grid. Matlab Simulation software was used for simulation of the …


Enhancement Of Performance Parameters Of Transformer Using Nanofluids, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Raja Sekhar Dondapati, Vishnu Saini, Niraj Kishore, Vicky V Jun 2015

Enhancement Of Performance Parameters Of Transformer Using Nanofluids, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Raja Sekhar Dondapati, Vishnu Saini, Niraj Kishore, Vicky V

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

Transformer is a soul of both transmission and distribution systems. It performs low voltage to high voltage conversion in transmission lines and similarly high voltage to low voltage conversion in distribution lines. The operation of transformer is decided by the cooling provided to the system. The efficient cooling method is achieved by the use of forced (or) natural oil cooling medium. The oils used for the purpose of coolants are the hydrocarbons of paraffin (or) naphtha based petroleum products. The oil is used as coolant is made from highly refined mineral oil and it has high dielectric strength. During the …


Stability Enhancement For Transmission Lines Using Neural Network In Static Synchronous Series Compensator, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Ishwar Lal Yadav, Satayadharma Bharti Jun 2015

Stability Enhancement For Transmission Lines Using Neural Network In Static Synchronous Series Compensator, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Ishwar Lal Yadav, Satayadharma Bharti

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

In this paper, a Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) is used to investigate the effect of this device in controlling active and reactive powers as well as damping power system oscillations in transient mode. During the analyzing its found that the SSSC based power oscillation damping system cannot able to sustain the power oscillations neither alone nor with lead-leg POD controller, so this work proposes SSSC structure equipped with the neural network controller to efficiently sustain the power oscillations. SSSC has a source of energy in the DC link which can supply or absorb the reactive and active power to …


A Novel Dynamic Model For A Crane System With A Flexible Cable And Large Swing Angle, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Mohammad H. Fatehi, Mohammad Eghtesad, Roya Amjadifard Jun 2015

A Novel Dynamic Model For A Crane System With A Flexible Cable And Large Swing Angle, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Mohammad H. Fatehi, Mohammad Eghtesad, Roya Amjadifard

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

In this paper a novel dynamical model will be developed for an overhead crane with transverse vibrations of flexible cable while considering large angle of the cable/payload swing. The major problem addressed is expressing the dynamic interaction between the cables and other elements in the crane system which demands investigation into boundary induced cable vibrations and large swing angle. The developed model is achieved as an ODE model and it is appropriate enough to design suitable control systems. Thus, to perform the modeling, RayleighRitz discretization method is used to achieve an ODE model for transverse deflection of the cable having …


Selective Harmonic Elimination Pwm Technique Implementation For A Multilevel Converter, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Dilip Kumar N, Puneet Kaur Jun 2015

Selective Harmonic Elimination Pwm Technique Implementation For A Multilevel Converter, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Dilip Kumar N, Puneet Kaur

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

This paper presents the selective harmonic elimination technique implementation for hybrid seven-level cascaded multilevel converter. The converter configuration is the cascaded connection of a three-level Active neutral-pointclamped (ANPC) converter and an H-bridge per phase, thus forming a hybrid seven-level multilevel converter. The converter is operated by maintaining the switching frequency of a converter to a minimum value using selective harmonic elimination pulse width modulation (SHE-PWM). Analysis of the topology operated under SHE-PWM is presented on the basis of simulation results obtained from MATLAB/SIMULINK.


Comparision Of Perturb And Observer And Incremental Conductance Mppt Based Solar Tracking System, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Nilam Rajendra Deshmukh May 2015

Comparision Of Perturb And Observer And Incremental Conductance Mppt Based Solar Tracking System, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Nilam Rajendra Deshmukh

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

This paper presents a detailed analysis of the two most well-known hill-climbing maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms: the perturb-and-observe (P&O) and incremental conductance (INC). The purpose of the analysis is to clarify some common misconceptions in the literature regarding these two trackers, therefore helping the selection process of MPPT


Monitoring And Controlling Of Air Pollution Using Intelligent Control System, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Anil.H. Sonune, S.M. Hambarde May 2015

Monitoring And Controlling Of Air Pollution Using Intelligent Control System, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Anil.H. Sonune, S.M. Hambarde

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

This paper focuses on implementation of Environmental air pollution monitoring and controlling system. First, the air pollution monitoring system contains sensors to monitor the interested pollution parameter in environment. Second, wireless communication modules for monitoring system were developed using wireless sensor networks technologies based on ZigBee network. And then a performance of modules was estimated in the real-fields. Finally, integrated wireless sensor board which employs dust, CO2, temperature, humidity sensor and a ZigBee module was developed. The board is embedded device based on Arm processor LPC2148. This paper accelerates the digital convergence age through continual research and development of technologies …


Comparison On Two Harmonic Current Determinate Methods Of P-Q And Ip-Iq, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Vanbao Chau, Congphuong Vo, Minhthuyen Chau May 2015

Comparison On Two Harmonic Current Determinate Methods Of P-Q And Ip-Iq, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Vanbao Chau, Congphuong Vo, Minhthuyen Chau

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

This paper implements a comparison on p-q and ipiq methods. The simulations demonstrated that it gives same accurate results in case source voltage is symmetric and undistorted. In vice versa case the harmonic current can be detected accurately by ip-iq method, while the p-q method gives results are not accurately


Accurate Hybrid Method For Rapid Fault Detection, Classification And Location In Transmission Lines Using Wavelet Transform And Anns, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Kamran Hosseini May 2015

Accurate Hybrid Method For Rapid Fault Detection, Classification And Location In Transmission Lines Using Wavelet Transform And Anns, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Kamran Hosseini

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

The present paper presents an accurate hybrid framework capable to rapidly detect, classify & locate shortcircuit faults on transmission lines. The proposed algorithm has employed the values resulted from each three- phase currents wavelet transform in order to obtain instantaneous fault detection. Singling out short-circuit faults based on the measured voltage waveforms and three-phase current is done when fault events occur in power transmission lines. The energy derived from three-phase currents and three-phase voltages wavelet transform has been used as the classification algorithm input .Then fault location has been activated as the result of fault classification method. Combining the methods …


Design Of An Electrical Power System For The Openorbiter Cubesat, Sofiane Chaieb, Michael Wegerson, Jeremy Straub, Ronald Marsh, David Whalen Apr 2015

Design Of An Electrical Power System For The Openorbiter Cubesat, Sofiane Chaieb, Michael Wegerson, Jeremy Straub, Ronald Marsh, David Whalen

Jeremy Straub

The OpenOrbiter Small Spacecraft Development Initiative aims to create an Open Prototype for Educational Nanosats (OPEN) framework (see [1]) for a complete 1-U CubeSat (10 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm, 1.33 kg spacecraft) with a total parts cost of less than $5,000 [2]. In order to supply all spacecraft subsystems with power, an electrical power system (EPS) has been implemented. The EPS generates power using multiple solar panels, stores it in batteries and regulates it to provide continuous levels of power to all of the subsystems of the spacecraft. The EPS has a crucial role in the spacecraft …


Scada System Security: Accounting For Operator Error And Malicious Intent, Ryan Kilbride, Jeremy Straub, Eunjin Kim Apr 2015

Scada System Security: Accounting For Operator Error And Malicious Intent, Ryan Kilbride, Jeremy Straub, Eunjin Kim

Jeremy Straub

Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems are becoming more and more com-monplace in many industries today. Industries are making better use of software and large scale control systems to run efficiently, without the need for large amounts of oversight. Security is a particularly large issue with such systems, however. A human must still be involved to ensure smooth operation in the event of catastrophic system error, or unusual circumstanc-es. Human involvement presents problems: operators could make mistakes, configure the system to operate sub-optimally or take malicious actions. This imple-mentation of SCADA security aims to combat these problems.


Photonic Generation Of Higher Order Uwb Signals Using Optical Amplifiers, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, T. Sabapathi, I.Thanga Dharsni Apr 2015

Photonic Generation Of Higher Order Uwb Signals Using Optical Amplifiers, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, T. Sabapathi, I.Thanga Dharsni

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

Photonic generation of UWB signals is an emerging technique as it requires no complex optical-electrical or electrical-optical conversion. There are a number of techniques employed to generate lower order UWB signals photonically. But applications that uses UWB signals demands higher order wave. Also the generation scheme should consider optimum hardware utility and inturn the reconfigurability of the components used. Considering these criteria this paper analyses the techniques of generating UWB signals using optical amplifiers. Optical amplifiers that works based on the principal of spontaneous and stimulated emission has the inherent property of reconfigurability in response to the applied bias current …


Modeling And Simulation For Hybrid Of Pv-Wind System, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Abeer A. M. El-Hady, Shawky H. Arafa, Maged N. F. Nashed, Salah G. Ramadan Apr 2015

Modeling And Simulation For Hybrid Of Pv-Wind System, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Abeer A. M. El-Hady, Shawky H. Arafa, Maged N. F. Nashed, Salah G. Ramadan

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

The rising consumption rate of fossil fuels causes a significant pollution impact on the atmosphere, unwanted greenhouse gases has drawn worldwide attention towards renewable energy sources. Moreover, in recent year’s generation of electricity using the different types of renewable sources are specifically evaluated in the economical performance of the overall equipment. This paper focuses on the modeling and analysis of a Standalone Photovoltaic (PV)- wind energy hybrid generation system under different conditions using MATLAB. The proposed system consists of two renewable sources i.e. wind and solar energy. Modeling of PV array and wind turbine is explained. The wind subsystem is …


Hiding Of Speech Based On Chaotic Steganography And Cryptography Techniques, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Abbas Salman Hameed Apr 2015

Hiding Of Speech Based On Chaotic Steganography And Cryptography Techniques, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Abbas Salman Hameed

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

The technique of embedding secret information into cover media, like image, video, audio and text called Steganography, so that only the sender and the authorized recipient who have a key can detect the presence of secret information. In this paper Steganography and Cryptography techniques of speech present with Chaos. Fractional order Lorenz and Chua systems that provides an expanded in key space are used to encrypt speech message. The large key space addition to all properties of randomness and nonlinearity which are possessed these chaotic systems ensure a highly robustness and security for cryptography process. As well as Modified Android …


Statistical Analysis Of The Performance Of Solar Photovoltaic Module With The Influence Of Different Meteorological Parameters In Tripura, India., Innovative Research Publications Irp India, T. Bhattacharya, A. K. Chakraborty, K. Pal Mar 2015

Statistical Analysis Of The Performance Of Solar Photovoltaic Module With The Influence Of Different Meteorological Parameters In Tripura, India., Innovative Research Publications Irp India, T. Bhattacharya, A. K. Chakraborty, K. Pal

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

An equation has been developed to measure the efficiency of PV module instantly, if the climatic parameters of the area are known. The measured and calculated values of efficiency are verified to check the percentage error between them. It is observed that developed equation has very correlation with the measured values.


Influence Of Environmental Dust On The Operating Characteristics Of The Solar Pv Module In Tripura, India, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, T. Bhattacharya, A. K. Chakraborty, K. Pal Mar 2015

Influence Of Environmental Dust On The Operating Characteristics Of The Solar Pv Module In Tripura, India, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, T. Bhattacharya, A. K. Chakraborty, K. Pal

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

The production of PV power depends on different meteorological parameters. Accumulation of dust is one of the factor which reduces the output power. The recent study was done in Tripura, India and there is maximum of 13% and minimum of 9% reduction in efficiency has been observed during the period of experiment


A Stand Alone Robust Pv-Fc-Eletrolyzer Utilization Scheme, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Maged N. F. Nashed Mona Eskander, Adel M Sharaf ,Life Mar 2015

A Stand Alone Robust Pv-Fc-Eletrolyzer Utilization Scheme, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Maged N. F. Nashed Mona Eskander, Adel M Sharaf ,Life

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

A stand-alone efficient robust photovoltaic (PV)- Electrolyzer Scheme using a PV-Array, a DC-DC buck-boost converter, an Electrolyzer, a hydrogen tank, and an additional Fuel Cell (FC) stack feeding an standalone autonomous load is investigated and validated for efficient energy utilization, voltage stabilization and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of the PV array under different insolation and temperature variations. The DC-DC Converter by controlled to ensure stable regulated operation. The PV generated power is used to electrolyze water to Hydrogen H2 and Oxygen O2, where hydrogen is stored in a suitably sized tank to be used later for the PEM-Proton Exchange …