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Theses/Dissertations

Missouri University of Science and Technology

Bachelors Theses

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Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Subsolidus Equilibria And Metastable Phase Development In The System Zro₂-Al₂O₃-Sio₂, Charles Christopher Sorrell Jan 1975

Subsolidus Equilibria And Metastable Phase Development In The System Zro₂-Al₂O₃-Sio₂, Charles Christopher Sorrell

Bachelors Theses

"Subsolidus equilibria in the low silica portion of the system ZrO₂-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ were studied by X-ray diffraction of quenched samples fired at 1300°, 1400°, and 1480°C. Samples prepared as powders from combinations of a-Al₂O₃, Al(OH)₃, silicic acid, ZrO₂, and kaolinite reacted very slowly at 1300° and 1400°C and the trends toward equilibria are not apparent. A mixture of zircon and Al(OH)₃ reacted slowly at 1480°C to form mullite and ZrO₂, indicating that the latter phases are the stable assemblage rather than zircon and alumina. A gel prepared from aluminum nitrate, zirconyl nitrate, and colloidal silica reacted at 1480°C to form alumina, …


The Effect Of Glaze Fit Upon The Strength Of Missouri Zadock, Karl Emil Krill, Floyd Rolland Elliott Jan 1941

The Effect Of Glaze Fit Upon The Strength Of Missouri Zadock, Karl Emil Krill, Floyd Rolland Elliott

Bachelors Theses

"We know that, in the case of a beam, the really effective part of the cross-sectional area is that part farthest from the neutral axis. The I-beam, with most of the central area eliminated, is just as strong as is the rectangular beam of similar outside dimensions. Why should not the glaze on a piece of ceramic ware play as important a part in the strength of the piece as does the outermost area in a beam? Microscopic cracks in the flanges of an I-beam weaken it appreciably. Might not a parallel case exist in a piece of glazed pottery …


Dry Pressing Refractory Insulating Brick, Frank Clarence Steimke Jan 1941

Dry Pressing Refractory Insulating Brick, Frank Clarence Steimke

Bachelors Theses

"The expensive process of grinding the insulating brick and the slow production methods of hand forming led to the possibilities of dry pressing the brick. The use of the dry press would increase production, give greater uniformity to the brick and materially reduce grinding if not eliminating it entirely. Since present day combustives were either impractical or else impossible to use, some new material must be found. Three materials presented themselves, napthalene, sulfur, and petroleum coke. The former for its low melting temperature and the latter two for their complete volatility at high temperatures and low if not negligible resiliency. …


Firing Behavior Of Missouri Plastic Fire Clay, William E. Crockett Jan 1941

Firing Behavior Of Missouri Plastic Fire Clay, William E. Crockett

Bachelors Theses

"There are two districts in Missouri in which plastic fire clay occurs. The oldest and least significant of these deposits is the "Cheltenham", in the St. Louis area. The most prominent area in which plastic fire clay occurs is generally termed the "east central" district. Included in this district are Calloway, Montgomery, Audrain, Warren, Boone, Monroe, Pike and Lincoln Counties. The clay as tested in this report occurs in Boone County, near Columbia. A plastic fire clay does not have as high a P.C.E. (pyrometric cone equivalent) as the ordinary flint and semi-flint clays, but its high plasticity warrants its …


The Relative Merits Of The Electrolytic Deposit And The Galvanic Nickel Deposit When Used To Produce Enamel Adherence, Marvin Edward Pingel Jan 1941

The Relative Merits Of The Electrolytic Deposit And The Galvanic Nickel Deposit When Used To Produce Enamel Adherence, Marvin Edward Pingel

Bachelors Theses

"The purpose of this paper is to determin sic if nickel deposited electrolytically from a nickel bath at 100ʻF. or less gives the same adherence qualities to enameling steel that nickel deposited galvanically at 160-180ʻF. produces"--Purpose of This Paper, page 1.


Characteristics Of Pyrometric Cone Equivalent Test Furnaces, Alfred W. Allen, Joseph T. Dusza Jan 1941

Characteristics Of Pyrometric Cone Equivalent Test Furnaces, Alfred W. Allen, Joseph T. Dusza

Bachelors Theses

"Though the method of determining the pyrometric cone equivalent of various silicate materials used in the refractories industry has been standardized by the American Society for Testing Materials (A.S.T.M. Designation: C24-35) as to the rate of heating, method of preparation of sample, mounting of test cones, and the interpretation of results, there still remains some variation in the results obtained by different operators using different types of P.C.E. furnaces. The three types of furnaces most generally used are: the Fulton-Coursen Granular Resistance Furnace, the Denver Fireclay Furnace developed by the American Refractories Institute using gas, and the General Refractories' Oxy-acetylene …


Solubility Of Glass Tank Refractories Using A Small Electrically Heated Furnace, James Vincent Heddell Jan 1941

Solubility Of Glass Tank Refractories Using A Small Electrically Heated Furnace, James Vincent Heddell

Bachelors Theses

"This investigation was undertaken to study the refractory blocks used in glass furnaces - their relation with the molten glass. It was decided to employ for this examination a model glass tank, heated by electrical carborundum resistors known as Globars. Experimental glass tanks have been constructed using fuel oil or gas to obtain the required heat to perform melting. These fuels were used mainly to simulate commercial practice and thus to obtain results which could be easily applied to industrial furnaces. The design of a model electric tank is included as part of this investigation"--Purpose of the Investigation, page 4-5.


Firing Behavior Tests And Other Tests On A Missouri Stoneware Clay To Determine Its Commercial Possibilities, Ivan Martin Niedling Jan 1940

Firing Behavior Tests And Other Tests On A Missouri Stoneware Clay To Determine Its Commercial Possibilities, Ivan Martin Niedling

Bachelors Theses

"A clay's essential character is its plasticity, whether it is to be used for common brick purposes, the manufacture of refractory articles, or merely as a bonding agent for nonplastic materials. Plasticity is a very large subject; there are many theories as to its cause and many methods have been developed to record it, but so far no satisfactory quantitative measure of plasticity has been found. Perhaps the most satisfactory method is to judge by handling the clay, and with constant practice one can become expert in judging the plasticity of a clay by its feel. Such a method is, …


The Production Of High Alumina Refractories Bonded With Lumnite Refractory Cement, Joseph Lewis Hoffman Jan 1940

The Production Of High Alumina Refractories Bonded With Lumnite Refractory Cement, Joseph Lewis Hoffman

Bachelors Theses

"Users of refractories are constantly demanding a better product. There is a demand for a satisfactory neutral or basic refractory with a P.C.E. equivalent of cone 35 or better. A refractory with a very high alumina content would seem to solve this problem, however, the main difficulty has been to bond the unplastic alumina. From the literature it was learned that Lumnite cement has been satisfactory in the manufacture of a refractory concrete. Therefore this investigation was carried out to determine the adaptability of bonding corundum with Lumnite"--Introduction, page 1.


The Effect Of Clays On The Properties Of Masonry Cement, William Joseph Smothers Jan 1940

The Effect Of Clays On The Properties Of Masonry Cement, William Joseph Smothers

Bachelors Theses

"Portland cement is not a material of great antiquity. It was discovered only a little over a century ago and quite by accident. It has been the custom in the manufacture of hydraulic limes to heat argillaceous limestones to temperatures not greatly above that at which the carbon dioxide would be liberated, but this process was carried out in a stack furnace under conditions such that some parts of the material were heated to temperatures which produced sintering. These hard lumps of sintered material were discarded because they were so much more difficult to grind than the unsintered However, in …


A Study Of Opacity Produced By Insoluble Refractory Opacifiers, Theodore J. Planje Jan 1940

A Study Of Opacity Produced By Insoluble Refractory Opacifiers, Theodore J. Planje

Bachelors Theses

"To investigate opacification produced by insoluble, refractory opacifiers in an effort to obtain some knowledge and reliable data concerning the electrical charge on the particles - its quality and quantity, and the effect of heavy metallic ions upon the flocculation and deflocculation of the opacifying particles"--Object, page 1.


The Bloating Of Clays, Everett Walter Sharp Jan 1940

The Bloating Of Clays, Everett Walter Sharp

Bachelors Theses

"The effect of firing on clays in relation to volume is either a shrinkage, bloating, or no change whatso-ever. The reason for the shrinkage and the constant volume is well known, but the cause of the bloating has not as yet been determined. In some instances, as the use of fire clay brick in steel ladles, this property of bloating is desirable to a certain extent because this packs the brick lining in the ladle tightly after the first heat is poured in, and prevents the brick lining from floating out when the metal is poured. There is little or …


Red Glazes, Sidney Austin Peer Jan 1940

Red Glazes, Sidney Austin Peer

Bachelors Theses

"Red glazes are extremely difficult to produce on pottery except at relatively low temperatures, or under conditions which can only be regarded as largely accidental. For many years ceramists have demanded a red glaze maturing at cone 4. To produce this glaze, much time and research is required...The object of this study was to produce a commercial red glaze at cone 4 from different oxides in a base glaze of white lead and silica"--Scope of Investigation, pages 1, 7.


X-Ray Data Concerning Some Manganese-Copper Alloys, George Lester Mitsch Jan 1940

X-Ray Data Concerning Some Manganese-Copper Alloys, George Lester Mitsch

Bachelors Theses

"Until recently the only commercial method of producing metallic manganese in large ammounts sic was a pyrometallurgical process. Producing a metal of about 97% purity, it was not very satisfactory. With the advent of a process for producing a metal of 99.9 plus % purity electrolytically, introduced by the United States Bureau of Mines, for the first time was there a sufficient quantity of pure manganese available for alloy use. The manganese-copper system was chosen for study because of the inconsistencies in the reports of previous investigators, and because of the properties alloys of these components possess, such as magnetism, …


A Process For Making Refractory Insulating Brick, Albert Lloyd Tetley Jan 1939

A Process For Making Refractory Insulating Brick, Albert Lloyd Tetley

Bachelors Theses

"The object of this study was to investigate the fundamental principles of producing an insulating brick by making the pore structure of air bubbles entrapped in a clay slip. Since a clay water mixture or any material containing entrapped air will loose this air when placed under vacuum, it is thought that placing the clay slips under a pressure would cause a considerable pore structure in the slip when the pressure is released. In the common method of making insulting brick, the fired brick must be ground to size as they cannot be molded to a definite size and shape. …


Effects Of Zirconium Compounds On A Bright Glaze, Stuart Dods Jan 1939

Effects Of Zirconium Compounds On A Bright Glaze, Stuart Dods

Bachelors Theses

"The standard method for producing opacity and to some extend sic mattness in a glaze has always been the use of small amounts of tin oxide. This oxide, however, is very expensive and tends to fluccuate sic in price over a wide range due to world market conditions. The ceramic industry, therefore, has been searching for some substitutes for the tin oxide with some success. At the present time zinc oxide, antimony oxide, and zirconium oxide are used with varying degrees of success as opacifiers. Zirconium oxide and compounds are less soluble than the other oxides previously used. Therefore, it …


A Comparison Of Silicates Of Sodium And Potassium As The Bonding Agent In Cold-Set Refractory Cements, Kenneth Frederick Sheckler Jan 1937

A Comparison Of Silicates Of Sodium And Potassium As The Bonding Agent In Cold-Set Refractory Cements, Kenneth Frederick Sheckler

Bachelors Theses

"The insistent demand for higher grade refractories has resulted in the manufacture of a product which will withstand higher temperatures, have greater slag resistance, greater resistance to spalling action and deformation under load. These better grades of refractory materials have been developed as the result of extensive research on the part of the manufacturers. In order that these higher quality refractories may be employed with the best results, it is necessary that they be set with a refractory cement which also possesses these desirable properties. The commercial refractory cements may be divided into two classes according to their method of …


The Development Of A New Process For The Manufacture Of Insulating Refractories, Miles E. Tyrrell Jan 1937

The Development Of A New Process For The Manufacture Of Insulating Refractories, Miles E. Tyrrell

Bachelors Theses

"In as much as the grinding of insulating brick to size after the firing operation is one of the most important and at the same time one of the most expensive operations involved in their manufacture, it was felt that the development of a method for manufacture of insulating brick which would do away with the necessity of grinding after firing would be a very worth while project. With this object in mind it was decided that the logical method would be to incorporate the pore structure in the mix while green and at the same time to add some …


The Development Of Spinels In Two Component Coloring Oxide Systems And Their Applications As Underglaze And Overglaze Colors, Michael Edward Green Jan 1937

The Development Of Spinels In Two Component Coloring Oxide Systems And Their Applications As Underglaze And Overglaze Colors, Michael Edward Green

Bachelors Theses

"For many years the fact has been known that when two or more of the coloring oxides are intimately mixed together and fired, there is a reaction between the components of the mixture. Little is known of these reactions - whether they are chemical, physical or mineralogical changes in the nature of the substances. The purpose of this investigation has been to ascertain the true nature of these reactions and the effect of the changes in the two components making up the system, upon their uses as underglaze and overglaze colors as applied in the ceramic industry"--Introduction, page 1.


The Use Of Phosphoric Acid As A Pickling Reagent For Enamels, Alan John Hoener Jan 1936

The Use Of Phosphoric Acid As A Pickling Reagent For Enamels, Alan John Hoener

Bachelors Theses

"A review of the available literature reveals that no one has used phosphoric acid for pickling sheet steel for enameling purposes. Articles have been published indicating the corrosive action of phosphoric acid, but these investigations were carried out in an attempt to find an alloy that would resist the corrosive action of the acid"--Introduction, page 1.


The Effect Of Ammonium Carbonate And Aluminum Chloride On The Porosity Of Refractory Material, William Gail Twyman Jan 1936

The Effect Of Ammonium Carbonate And Aluminum Chloride On The Porosity Of Refractory Material, William Gail Twyman

Bachelors Theses

"At the present time there are many insulating materials on the market. The temperatures at which these may be utilized vary from the lower temperature range of 100 degrees C, to a high temperature range of 2800 degrees C. Those insulating materials falling in the class of low temperature insulators have very little usage in commercial manufacturing processes therefore they will not be discussed in this paper. Materials that have a range from 600 degrees C to 2800 degrees C are of vital importance to the manufacturing processes. It is this type of material which we will endeavor to discuss …


The Use Of Fluorspar As A Flux Ingredient In Ceramic Bodies, Edward Henry Frauenfelder Jan 1936

The Use Of Fluorspar As A Flux Ingredient In Ceramic Bodies, Edward Henry Frauenfelder

Bachelors Theses

"The term "flux" is a relative one and does not refer to any particular class of substances. A flux is any material which will lower the softening, fusion, or liquifying sic temperature of another Bases act as fluxes to siliceous substances while in basic compositions like Portland cement, silica is a flux. Feldspar is a flux for white ware mixtures, and is regarded as a refractory in the low temperature enamels. Although fluorspar is used in considerable quantities in many divisions of the ceramic industry, namely: the glassware division, the enamels division, and in the manufacture of cement, its use …


The Suitability Of An Electric Glo-Bar Furnace For The Hot Load Test On Refractories, Paul Curtis Branstetter Jan 1936

The Suitability Of An Electric Glo-Bar Furnace For The Hot Load Test On Refractories, Paul Curtis Branstetter

Bachelors Theses

"This investigation was carried out to determine, if possible, the suitability of the Glo-Bar furnace for the hot load test by comparing results obtained with the standard furnace with those obtained on the Glo-Bar furnace on different brands of refractories"--Scope of Investigation, page 2.


Roofing Granules, Morris Harold Grober Jan 1936

Roofing Granules, Morris Harold Grober

Bachelors Theses

"An abundant amount of chats and clays of various kinds is available in Missouri. In the mining districts of south-eastern and south-western Missouri enormous piles of gang known as chats have accumulated. The mining companies desire to rid themselves of this accumulation and would dispose of the chats at a very low price. In northern Missouri and in the diaspore district of central Missouri suitable clays could be found which may be had for a small royalty, mining and transportation costs. Some of the requirements for roofing granules are that they have (1) a size limited by 10 and 30 …


Red Glazes, Robert M. Springer Jan 1936

Red Glazes, Robert M. Springer

Bachelors Theses

"The object of this study was to produce a commercial red glaze at cone 3 from a base glaze of colemanite and steatite"--Scope of Investigation, page 3.


Development Of A Refractory Insulating Brick, Edwin Laughlin Dudley Jan 1935

Development Of A Refractory Insulating Brick, Edwin Laughlin Dudley

Bachelors Theses

"The method of bloating brick of low refractoriness has been accomplished by the addition of carbonates of the alkalines and alkaline earths which when acid is applied give off CO₂ to form a porous structure. It was thought that if a material which would not act as a flux might even enhance the refractoriness of the clay used a high temperature insulator might be produced which would compare favorably to those now produced by the use of volatiles. An aluminum salt which when combines with a non-metalic sic base that would generate a gas was selected. The aluminum in the …


The Effect Of Electrical Lubrication On The Transmission Of Pressure In Dry Pressed Bodies, Oliver William Kamper Jan 1935

The Effect Of Electrical Lubrication On The Transmission Of Pressure In Dry Pressed Bodies, Oliver William Kamper

Bachelors Theses

"One of the great problems facing the Ceramic industry today is the production of perfect brick by the dry press process. This problem has been of vital importance because of the physical defects obtained in the dry pressing operation due to the ununiform transmission of pressure in the ware produced. As a result of this ununiform transmission of pressure, strains, cracks, differential shrinkage, low strength, and laminations have been accentuated after the firing of the body. Pressure transmission is influenced by several factors: the size and shape of grog and clay grain, the time and duration of pressure application, the …


The Use Of Missouri Halloysite As A Suspending Medium For Enamels, Collins H. Mcdonald Jan 1935

The Use Of Missouri Halloysite As A Suspending Medium For Enamels, Collins H. Mcdonald

Bachelors Theses

"The object of this study was to find if Missouri halloysite could be used satisfactorily to float enamel frits, preventing them from settling during the spraying or dipping operation, so as to get a uniform coating of proper thickness over the surface of the ware. Halloysite is a clay-like natural aluminum silicate resembling kaolinite, but containing a larger but uncertain amount of water. The material that was used in this investigation was found in Lawrence County, Missouri"--Object of Investigation, page 1.


The Effects Of Sodium, Barium And Calcium Chloride Upon The Physical Properties Of A Whiteware Body, William Newton Coffman Jan 1934

The Effects Of Sodium, Barium And Calcium Chloride Upon The Physical Properties Of A Whiteware Body, William Newton Coffman

Bachelors Theses

"The wide spread use of American kaolins and ball clays has been frowned upon by the majority of white-ware manufactures because the product resulting from their use in most cases has a color which is inferior to ware produced from English raw materials. This inferior color is generally attributed to the presence of a small amount of iron in the American clays. If some inexpensive chemical addition could be made which would eliminate the iron stain or in some way mask it, a wider market could be found in the white-ware industry for the domestic clays. One way to eliminate …


A Comparison Of Florida, Georgia And G-1 Kaolin As The Chief Clay Ingredient For A Sanitary Ware Casting Body, George Armour Sellers Jan 1934

A Comparison Of Florida, Georgia And G-1 Kaolin As The Chief Clay Ingredient For A Sanitary Ware Casting Body, George Armour Sellers

Bachelors Theses

"The purpose of this investigation, originally, was to determine the suitability of substituting G-1 kaolin for Florida kaolin in a sanitary ware casting body. It was later extended to embrace a comparative study of Florida, Georgia and G-1 kaolin as the chief clay ingredient in a sanitary ware casting body"--Introduction, Purpose of the Investigation, page 1.