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Articles 1 - 30 of 31
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Biomechanics Of Prosthetic Knee Systems : Role Of Dampening And Energy Storage Systems, Hande Argunsah Bayram
Biomechanics Of Prosthetic Knee Systems : Role Of Dampening And Energy Storage Systems, Hande Argunsah Bayram
ETD Archive
One significant drawback of the commercial passive and microprocessored prosthetic devices, the inability of delivering positive energy when needed, is due to the absence of the knee flexion during stance phase. Moreover, consequences such as circumduction and disturbed gait pattern take place due to the improper energy flow at the knee and the absence of the positive energy delivery during the swing phase. Current generation powered design has solved these problems by delivering the needed energy with heavy battery demanding motors, which increase the mass of the device significantly. Hence, the gait quality of transfemoral amputees has not improved significantly …
Scalp Eeg And Tms Based Electrophysiological Study Of Brain Function Of Motor Control In Aging, Mehmed Satuk Bayram
Scalp Eeg And Tms Based Electrophysiological Study Of Brain Function Of Motor Control In Aging, Mehmed Satuk Bayram
ETD Archive
Voluntary movements of human body are controlled by the brain through corticomuscular pathways. Although neuromuscular control mechanisms of voluntary movements have been studied extensively, many remain to be learned, especially neuromuscular adaptations related to clinical conditions such as neurological disorders and aging. This research aims at a better understanding of functional connection between the brain and muscle during voluntary motor activities in aging and the extent to which this connection can be changed by training the neuromuscular system. Three research projects were conducted to achieve this aim. The analyses in the first two projects are based on comparisons of non-invasive …
Electrochemical/Electroflotation Process For Dye Wastewater Treatment, Erick Benjamin Butler
Electrochemical/Electroflotation Process For Dye Wastewater Treatment, Erick Benjamin Butler
ETD Archive
The use of dyes has become very significant across various industries such as textiles, paper, and clothing. The organic chemical composition of dyes is a major concern when discharging wastewater not only into the environment, but also within wastewater treatment plants. Dye effluent consists of high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and also color, components that require treatment before discharge. As a result, federal legislation has required industries that discharge high components in wastewater to undergo treatment within the plants. Within literature, authors have considered various biological, physical, and chemical methods of treating dye wastewater. Recently, electrocoagulation/electroflotation (ECF) has been an …
An In Silico Liver: Model Of Gluconeogenesis, Elie R. Chalhoub
An In Silico Liver: Model Of Gluconeogenesis, Elie R. Chalhoub
ETD Archive
An in silico liver was developed in attempt to represent the in vivo state of the fasted liver. It featured two conceptual models. The first one represented carbohydrate metabolism of the human liver, which included the heterogeneous nature of the liver by incorporating spatial variation of key enzyme activities. This model was able to predict the overall fluxes in tissue and the effect of high intensity exercise on the various hepatic fluxes. A second model of hepatic metabolism was developed to represent the complex interplay between gluconeogenesis, lipid metabolism, and alcohol metabolism in the fasted rat liver. Biochemical pathways are …
A Robotic Neuro-Musculoskeletal Simulator For Spine Research, Robb W. Colbrunn
A Robotic Neuro-Musculoskeletal Simulator For Spine Research, Robb W. Colbrunn
ETD Archive
An influential conceptual framework advanced by Panjabi represents the living spine as a complex neuromusculoskeletal system whose biomechanical functioning is rather finely dependent upon the interactions among and between three principal subsystems: the passive musculoskeletal subsystem (osteoligamentous spine plus passive mechanical contributions of the muscles), the active musculoskeletal subsystem (muscles and tendons), and the neural and feedback subsystem (neural control centers and feedback elements such as mechanoreceptors located in the soft tissues) [1]. The interplay between subsystems readily encourages "thought experiments" of how pathologic changes in one subsystem might influence another--for example, prompting one to speculate how painful arthritic changes …
Method For Determination Of Kinematic Sensor Position And Orientation From Magnetic Resonance Images, Caglar Ozturk
Method For Determination Of Kinematic Sensor Position And Orientation From Magnetic Resonance Images, Caglar Ozturk
ETD Archive
Concussion and mild traumatic brain injury risk remain high for young athletes participating in helmeted and non-helmeted sports. Because of the short and potential long-term effects on young athletes and early onset Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, there is a dire need to correlate a relationship between head impact intensity, frequency, duration and athlete brain health. To address this need, the Cleveland Clinic is developing a custom mouthguard embedded with flexible circuitry and sensors, known as the 'Intelligent Mouthguard'(IMG). To accurately quantify peak values of head impacts or concussions, orientation and position of each sensor relative to CG (Center of Gravity) …
Radial Diffusion Of Florescein Molecules (376 Da) In Canine Bone Tissue, Daniel O'Conor
Radial Diffusion Of Florescein Molecules (376 Da) In Canine Bone Tissue, Daniel O'Conor
ETD Archive
No abstract provided.
Lipid Production By Scenedesmus Dimorphus: Comparison Of Extraction Techniques And Effect Of Sodium Nitrate Concentration, Bahareh Kanani
Lipid Production By Scenedesmus Dimorphus: Comparison Of Extraction Techniques And Effect Of Sodium Nitrate Concentration, Bahareh Kanani
ETD Archive
No abstract provided.
Application Of Sliding Mode Controller And Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Controller To A Pmsm Speed System, Yang Zhao
ETD Archive
Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is a popular electric machine in industry for its small volume, high electromagnetic torque, high reliability and low cost. It is broadly used in automobiles and aircrafts. However, PMSM has its inherent problems of nonlinearity and coupling, which are challenges for control systems design. In addition, the external disturbances such as load variation and noises could degrade the systems performance. Both sliding mode control (SMC) and active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) are robust against disturbances. They can also compensate the nonlinearity and couplings of the PMSM. Therefore, in this thesis, we apply both SMC and …
Determining The Mechanical Properties Of Lattice Block Structures, Nathan Wilmoth
Determining The Mechanical Properties Of Lattice Block Structures, Nathan Wilmoth
ETD Archive
Lattice block structures and shape memory alloys possess several traits ideal for solving intriguing new engineering problems in industries such as aerospace, military, and transportation. Recent testing at the NASA Glenn Research Center has investigated the material properties of lattice block structures cast from a conventional aerospace titanium alloy as well as lattice block structures cast from nickel-titanium shape memory alloy. The lattice block structures for both materials were sectioned into smaller subelements for tension and compression testing. The results from the cast conventional titanium material showed that the expected mechanical properties were maintained. The shape memory alloy material was …
Synthesis And Characterization Of Ph-Responsive Elastin-Like Polypeptides With Different Configurations, Mingjie Tang
Synthesis And Characterization Of Ph-Responsive Elastin-Like Polypeptides With Different Configurations, Mingjie Tang
ETD Archive
Elastin-like polypeptides (ELP) are environmentally responsive polymers that exhibit phase transition behavior in response to various stimuli such as temperature, pH and irradiation. In this work, we focused on pH-responsive ELPs. It has been shown that pH value, configurations of ELPs, ELP concentration, and salt concentration can impact the phase transition behavior of pH-responsive ELPs. Quantitative models have been developed to engineer various linear ELPs, but there has not been any detailed study for engineering ionizable ELP with non-linear configurations. In this study, we designed, synthesized, and characterized pH-responsive ELPs with two different configurations. One is linear ELP, (GVGVPGEGVPGVGVP)12, and …
Increased Capacity For Vdl Mode 2 Aeronautical Data Communication, Sanjin Đerić
Increased Capacity For Vdl Mode 2 Aeronautical Data Communication, Sanjin Đerić
ETD Archive
VDL Mode 2 is the principal data communication technology for aeronautical communications implemented in the NextGen project for the National Airspace System (NAS), with potentially worldwide service. Aeronautical communications have strict transmission delay standards for safety considerations. Meeting the strict standards significantly drops the capacity of the number of aircraft that can communicate using the Very High Frequency (VHF) Data Radio (VDR). In this thesis, three methods of increasing the capacity while maintaining the strict standards are evaluated: transmit power control, load regulation and ground station placement. A simulation model using OPNET software is used for testing. Load regulation shows …
Hybrid Position And Impedance Control Of A Forging Process, Derek Stake
Hybrid Position And Impedance Control Of A Forging Process, Derek Stake
ETD Archive
"Pick and place" robotic material handling has been a key to increase piece rates and reduced variability in forging processes. One of the drawbacks to current "pick and place" robotic material handling methods is the inability to locate the part after a forging operation and move it to the next position in a timely manner. If the billet changes position during the forging process, the manipulator will take longer to find the part and transfer it to the next station or the manipulator will be unable to move the part to the next position correctly which may cause scrap. Another …
External Control Interface, Dynamic Modeling And Parameter Estimation Of A Research Treadmill, Omer Sirin
External Control Interface, Dynamic Modeling And Parameter Estimation Of A Research Treadmill, Omer Sirin
ETD Archive
Treadmills providing linear continuous movement are used for robotic testing of prostheses in order to study their operating characteristics. However, traditional exercise treadmills are not able to simulate various conditions such as avoiding an obstacle, climbing, descending, reversing direction, or stopping instantly. The focus of this thesis is to examine control algorithms (position, speed and force) for the drive mechanism of a research treadmill to fulll the gap in the situations described above. The system consists of a power supply, a computer with Matlab, and the treadmill that includes a DC motor, a pulley and belt. Also, an external encoder …
Path Planning And Evolutionary Optimization Of Wheeled Robots, Daljeet Singh
Path Planning And Evolutionary Optimization Of Wheeled Robots, Daljeet Singh
ETD Archive
Probabilistic roadmap methods (PRM) have been a well-known solution for solving motion planning problems where we have a fixed set of start and goal configurations in a workspace. We define a configuration space with static obstacles. We implement PRM to find a feasible path between start and goal for car-like robots. We further extend the concept of path planning by incorporating evolutionary optimization algorithms to tune the PRM parameters. The theory is demonstrated with simulations and experiments. Our results show that there is a significant improvement in the performance metrics of PRM after optimizing the PRM parameters using biogeography-based optimization, …
Pure Component Adsorption Of Methane, Ethylene, Propylene And Carbon Dioxide In Silicalite, Qianqian Zhou
Pure Component Adsorption Of Methane, Ethylene, Propylene And Carbon Dioxide In Silicalite, Qianqian Zhou
ETD Archive
Adsorption isotherms are measured for pure methane, ethylene, propylene and carbon dioxide in silicalite. Isotherm data are collected using a volumetric method at three different temperatures of 10C, 35C and 65C at pressure up to 100psi. The Virial equation and Langmuir equation have been applied to represent excess amount adsorbed in each pure component system. The binary adsorption equilibrium for various mixtures are predicted from the pure component adsorption data, using the Ideal Adsorption Solution Theory (IAST)
State Estimation Based On Nested Particle Filters, Swathi Srinivasan
State Estimation Based On Nested Particle Filters, Swathi Srinivasan
ETD Archive
In reality many processes are nonlinear and in order to have a knowledge about the true process conditions, it is important to make decisions based on the state of the system. Process measurements such as pressure, temperature, and pH, are available at time instances and this information is necessary in order to obtain the state of the system. Filtering is a state estimation technique by which the estimate is obtained at a time instant, given the process measurements at their respective time instances. Several lters have been developed so far for the estimation of the states of the system. Kalman …
Scaffold Composition And Architecture Critically Regulate Extracellular Matrix Synthesis By Cardiomyocytes, Arsela Gishto
Scaffold Composition And Architecture Critically Regulate Extracellular Matrix Synthesis By Cardiomyocytes, Arsela Gishto
ETD Archive
Heart failure accounts for over 5 million cases in the U.S. A major onset of this is myocardial infarction, which causes the myocardium to loose cardiomyocytes and transform into a scar tissue. Given that the adult infarcted cardiac tissue has a limited ability to regenerate, alternative methods to restore the damaged area need to be developed. The goal of these approaches is to design an optimal scaffold that can retain and deliver cardiomyocytes at the site of damaged myocardium. This tissue engineering approach would allow cardiac reconstruction by replacing the lost cardiomyocytes, delivering the required biomolecules, as well as remodeling …
Bench-Top Validation Of "Intelligent" Mouth Guard, Alper Aksu
Bench-Top Validation Of "Intelligent" Mouth Guard, Alper Aksu
ETD Archive
Concussion is the signature athletics injury of the 21st Century. Scientists are hard at work monitoring effects of hard impacts on the human brain. However, existing tools and devices are inadequate to screen the effects. Hence, a new approach is required to accurately quantify peak values of head impacts or concussions and relate these values to clinical brain health outcomes. A new head impact dosimeter, the "Intelligent Mouth Guard" (IMG) has been developed and can be conveniently located inside the mouth. In this study, the IMG printed circuit board (PCB) including four (4) high-quality shock resistant sensors has been developed …
Moving Horizon Estimation With Dynamic Programming, Mohan Kumar Ramalingam
Moving Horizon Estimation With Dynamic Programming, Mohan Kumar Ramalingam
ETD Archive
Moving Horizon Estimation(MHE) is a optimization based strategy to state estimation. It involves computation of arrival cost, a penalty term, based on the MHE cost function. Minimization of this arrival cost is done through various methods. All these methods use nonlinear programming optimization technique which gives the estimate. The main idea of MHE revolves around minimizing the estimation cost function. The cost function is dependent on prediction error computation from data and arrival cost summarization. The major issue that hampers the MHE is choosing the arrival cost for ensuring stability of the overall estimation and computational time. In order to …
A Microfluidic Platform To Quantify Spatio-Temporal Diffusion Of Chemo-Gradients Within 3d Scaffolds: Applications In Axonal Biology, Michael A. Sawonik
A Microfluidic Platform To Quantify Spatio-Temporal Diffusion Of Chemo-Gradients Within 3d Scaffolds: Applications In Axonal Biology, Michael A. Sawonik
ETD Archive
Axonal outgrowth and guidance play an important role in wiring the developing and regenerating nervous system. The critical role of biomolecular gradients in facilitating this axonal sensitivity and directionality along specific trajectories needs to be elucidated for designing effective therapeutic treatments under injury or disease conditions. However, previous in vitro approaches based on micropipette assay or gel-turning assay proved to be unsuitable or inefficient for precise generation and quantification of diffusive gradients. In this study, we utilized a microfluidic device to generate and quantify physiologically-relevant biomolecular gradients in a simple and reliable manner. Using a combination of computational and experimental …
Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling Of A Gravity Settler For Algae Dewatering, Scott A. Hug
Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling Of A Gravity Settler For Algae Dewatering, Scott A. Hug
ETD Archive
Algae are the future of lipid sources for biodiesel production. Algae can produce more biodiesel than soybean and canola oil and can be grown in more diverse locations. Algae concentrations are naturally around 0.1 by weight. Enough water must be removed for the algae level to reach 5 , the minimum concentration in which lipids can be used in the transesterification process for biofuel production is 5 . Current dewatering methods involve the use of settling tanks and centrifugation. The costs of centrifugation limit the commercial viability of algae based biodiesel. A novel inclined gravity settler design at Cleveland State …
Evolutionary Ground Reaction Force Control Of A Prosthetic Leg Testing Robot, Ronald Davis.
Evolutionary Ground Reaction Force Control Of A Prosthetic Leg Testing Robot, Ronald Davis.
ETD Archive
Typical tests of prosthetic legs for transfemoral amputees prove to be cumbersome and tedious. These tests are burdened by acclimation time, lack of repeatability between subjects, and the use of complex gait analysis labs to collect data. To create a new method for prosthesis testing, we design and construct a robot that can simulate the motion of a human hip. We discuss the robot from concept to completion, including methods for modeling and control design. Two single-input-single-output (SISO) sliding mode controllers are developed using analytical and experimental methods. We use human gait data as reference inputs to the controller. When …
Viscosity Regulation In Polymer Extrusion, Diane K. Haberbusch
Viscosity Regulation In Polymer Extrusion, Diane K. Haberbusch
ETD Archive
The interesting background and history of polymer extrusion are first introduced in this thesis. The complexity of the extrusion process is described, along with sources of disturbances. A literature review of the types of controllers that have been used for viscosity regulation in polymer extrusion is given, including the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) proportional-integral (PI) controllers. Polymer viscosity in extrusion is difficult to model accurately and its regulation is prone to disturbances. Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) is the right method for addressing the model inaccuracies and facilitates a straightforward solution to accommodate industrial needs with parameters that can be easily tuned …
Material Specific Load Combination Factors For Option 2 Fad Curves, Matt Saxon Schaser
Material Specific Load Combination Factors For Option 2 Fad Curves, Matt Saxon Schaser
ETD Archive
No abstract provided.
On The Analysis And Design Of Disturbance Rejecter, Jason Tatsumi
On The Analysis And Design Of Disturbance Rejecter, Jason Tatsumi
ETD Archive
In this thesis, the impact of the disturbance rejecter concept and the enforced plant has been explored. In order for the active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) to provide a reasonable alternative to the industry standard PID controller, it is necessary to develop tuning procedures capable of providing adequate performance with reasonable stability margins. A focus should be placed upon the disturbance rejecter, as it is the heart and soul of ADRC. In this thesis, transfer function analysis of the enforced plant has been performed to connect ADRC with the tools from classical control. The relationship between the gain parameter and …
Control Method For The Wind Turbine Driven By Doubly Fed Induction Generator Under The Unbalanced Operating Conditions, Xiangpeng Zheng
Control Method For The Wind Turbine Driven By Doubly Fed Induction Generator Under The Unbalanced Operating Conditions, Xiangpeng Zheng
ETD Archive
This thesis illustrates the principle and the behavior for doubly fed electric machines used in variable speed wind power systems under the balanced and unbalanced operating conditions. A generalized control method for complete stator pulsating power elimination and harmonic elimination in grid currents with adjustable power factor of a doubly fed induction generator under the unbalanced operating conditions is proposed. The theoretical analysis of this proposed control method is presented and then demonstrated by the simulation in Powersim®. The grid ride-through-fault ability by using the proposed method is also tested
Vibration Analysis Of Anisotropic Plates, Special Case: Violin, Chaitanya J. Lomte
Vibration Analysis Of Anisotropic Plates, Special Case: Violin, Chaitanya J. Lomte
ETD Archive
This thesis presents vibration analysis of the top plate of Stradivari violin by creating a 3D model using SolidWorks and finding mode shapes and natural frequencies using SolidWorks simulation. The top plate was affixed to the bottom plate via a side wall following the contour of the violin plates. Assuming the input excitation is sinusoidal, it was applied at the location of bridge where the strings rest on it.. The static component of the force was calculated to be 83.17 N. The first five natural frequencies of the violin top plate are in the range of 150 to 450 Hertz. …
Computational Study Of Savonius Wind Turbine, Asmita C. Chinchore
Computational Study Of Savonius Wind Turbine, Asmita C. Chinchore
ETD Archive
This project involves study of 2-Blade and 3-Blade Savonius vertical wind turbines positioned at different orientations. For a 2-Blade turbine the orientations considered were 0 degree, 45 degree, 90 degree and 135 degree in reference to the direction of the prevailing wind and for the 3-Blade turbine the orientations taken into account were 0 degree, 30 degree, 60 degree and 90 degree in reference to the direction of the prevailing wind. The basic aim of this thesis was to study how the two designs are different from each other and which design produces more power when applied with constant wind …
Aerodynamic Measurements Of A Variable-Speed Power-Turbine Blade Section In A Transonic Turbine Cascade, Ashlie B. Flegel
Aerodynamic Measurements Of A Variable-Speed Power-Turbine Blade Section In A Transonic Turbine Cascade, Ashlie B. Flegel
ETD Archive
The purpose of this thesis is to document the impact of incidence angle and Reynolds number variations on the 3-D flow field and midspan loss and turning of a 2-D section of a variable-speed power-turbine (VSPT) rotor blade. Aerodynamic measurements were obtained in a transonic linear cascade at NASA Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, OH. Steady-state data were obtained for ten incidence angles ranging from +15.8° to -51.0°. At each angle, data were acquired at five flow conditions with the exit Reynolds number (based on axial chord) varying over an order-of-magnitude from 2.12 ₉ 105 to 2.12 ₉ 106. Data …