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Theses/Dissertations

Air Force Institute of Technology

2011

Optics

Keyword

Articles 1 - 4 of 4

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Integrated Approach To Free Space Optical Communications In Strong Turbulence, Jason A. Tellez Sep 2011

Integrated Approach To Free Space Optical Communications In Strong Turbulence, Jason A. Tellez

Theses and Dissertations

The propagation of a free space optical communication signal through atmospheric turbulence experiences random fluctuations in intensity, including signal fades which negatively impact the communications link performance. This research develops an analytical probability density function (PDF) to model the best case scenario of using multiple independent beams to reduce the intensity fluctuations. The PDF was further developed to account for partially correlated beams, such as would be experienced by beams having finite separation. The PDF was validated with results obtained from digital simulations as well as lab experiments. The research showed that as the number of transmitted beams increases the …


Optical Flow-Based Odometry For Underground Tunnel Exploration, Terra Kier Jun 2011

Optical Flow-Based Odometry For Underground Tunnel Exploration, Terra Kier

Theses and Dissertations

As military operations in degraded or GPS-denied environments continue to increase in frequency and importance, there is an increased necessity to be able to determine precision location within these environments. Furthermore, authorities are finding a record number of tunnels along the U.S.-Mexico border; therefore, underground tunnel characterization is becoming a high priority for U.S. Homeland Security as well. This thesis investigates the performance of a new image registration technique based on a two camera optical- flow configuration using phase correlation techniques. These techniques differ from other image based navigation methods but present a viable alternative increasing autonomy and answering the …


Optical Metamaterial Design, Fabrication And Test, Jack P. Lombardi Mar 2011

Optical Metamaterial Design, Fabrication And Test, Jack P. Lombardi

Theses and Dissertations

Metamaterials, materials that make use of naturally occurring materials and designed structures to create materials with special properties not found in nature, are a fascinating new area of research, combining the fields of physics, microfabrication, and material science. This work will focus on the development of metamaterials operating in the visible and infrared which will be constructed and tested for basic optical properties. Possible applications for these materials will not be investigated. The this work will go into the fabrication and test of layered metal-dielectric structures, called layered metamaterials, as these structures hold potential for applications in advanced optical systems. …


Polarimetric Enhancements To Electro-Optical Aided Navigation Techniques, Jeremiah D. Johnson Mar 2011

Polarimetric Enhancements To Electro-Optical Aided Navigation Techniques, Jeremiah D. Johnson

Theses and Dissertations

Navigation in indoor and urban environments by small unmanned systems is a topic of interest for the Air Force. The Advanced Navigation Technology Center at the Air Force Institute of Technology is continually looking for novel approaches to navigation in GPS deprived environments. Inertial sensors have been coupled with image aided concepts, such as feature tracking, with good results. However, feature density in areas with large, flat, smooth surfaces tends to be low. Polarimetric sensors have been used for surface reconstruction, surface characterization and outdoor navigation. This thesis combines aspects of some of these algorithms along with a realistic, micro-facet …