Engineering Commons^™

Energy Efficiency In Additive Manufacturing: Condensed Review, Ismail Fidan, Vivekanand Naikwadi, Suhas Alkunte, Roshan Mishra, Khalid Tantawi

Engineering Technology Faculty Publications

Today, it is significant that the use of additive manufacturing (AM) has growing in almost every aspect of the daily life. A high number of sectors are adapting and implementing this revolutionary production technology in their domain to increase production volumes, reduce the cost of production, fabricate light weight and complex parts in a short period of time, and respond to the manufacturing needs of customers. It is clear that the AM technologies consume energy to complete the production tasks of each part. Therefore, it is imperative to know the impact of energy efficiency in order to economically and properly …

Exploring The Intersection Of Biology And Design For Product Innovations, Ajay P. Malshe, Salil Bapat, Kamlakar Rajurkar, Ang Ang, Jean-Marc Linares

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Design, development, productization, and applications of advanced product concepts are pressing for higher multifunctionality, resilience, and maximization of available resources equitably to meet the growing and continuing demands of global customers. These demands have further accelerated during the recent COVID- 19 pandemic and are continuing to be a challenge. Engineering designs are one of the most effective ways to endow products with functions, resilience, and sustainability. Biology, through millions of years of evolution, has met these acute requirements under severe resource and environmental constraints. As the manufacturing of products is reaching the fundamental limits of raw materials, labor, and resource …

Artificial Neural Network-Based Prediction Assessment Of Wire Electric Discharge Machining Parameters For Smart Manufacturing, Itagi Vijayakumar Manoj, Sannayellappa Narendranath, Peter Madindwa Mashinini, Hargovind Soni, Shanay Rab, Shadab Ahmad, Ahatsham Hayat

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, cybersecurity, the Industrial Internet of Things, and blockchain are some of the technologies and solutions that are combined to produce “smart manufacturing,” which is used to optimize manufacturing processes by creating and/or accepting data. In manufacturing, spark erosion technique such as wire electric discharge machining (WEDM) is a process that machines different hard-to-cut alloys. It is regarded as the solution for cutting intricate parts and materials that are resistant to conventional machining techniques or are required by design. In the present study, holes of different radii, i.e. 1, 3, and 5mm, have been cut on Nickelvac-HX. …

A Digital Learning Environment Twin Of A Lab On Prototyping To Give Engineering Students Digital Access 24/7, Christian Riess, Michael S. J. Walter, Maria Tyroller, Robert Nierlich

Practice Papers

Students do not always enjoy an in-depth practical learning experience with adequate hands-on activities during their academic education. In many fields, traditional laboratories are common learning spaces that are, however, not accessible 24/7 and the students’ task is mostly pre-defined, resulting in a short and very “passive” active learning. To overcome this limitation and to provide a broader availability and to foster individual learning experience, we transformed a lab from this analog world into a digital learning and teaching environment twin. The laboratory on product design with an extensive machine park (3D-printers, CNCcarving machines, laser cutter, hand tools, etc.) is …

An Experimental-Numerical Study Of Heat Transfer Enhancement In A Minichannel Using Asymmetric Pulsating Flows, Parth S. Kumavat, Sajad Alimohammad, Seamus M. O'Sullivan

Articles

The development of current and next-generation high-performance electronic devices has led to miniaturization in more densely packed spaces. The increasing power levels have resulted in ever-increasing heat flux densities which necessitates the evolution of new liquid-based heat exchange technologies. Implementation of single-phase cooling systems using pulsating flow is viewed as a potential solution to the problems involving high energy density electronics. This work involves a combined experimental and numerical analysis of pulsating flows in a rectangular mini channel undergoing asymmetric sinusoidal flow pulsation formats. The mini channel design includes a heated bottom section approximated as a constant heat flux boundary …

Development Of A Simevents Model For Printed Circuit Board (Pcb) Assembly Processes, Siqin Dong, Mileta Tomovic, Krishnanand Kaipa

Engineering Technology Faculty Publications

Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are the foundational building blocks of most modern electronic devices. PCB assembly is defined as the process of mounting different electronic components on a PCB. Circuit board assembly utilizes an automated technique with most steps completed by machines for different operations (e.g., pick-and-place components, soldering, etc.). In this paper, details of a student course project, carried out at Old Dominion University, on the design and simulation of PCB assembly processes based on MATLAB discrete-event system are presented. An essential component in the advanced manufacturing technology course is the hands-on experience where students implement multiple software simulation …

Scaling Cellular Agriculture Production With Photolithography: A Study On Curing And Degradation, Alexis Garrett

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

To meet the requirements for full production in cellular agriculture, a multi-disciplinary approach is required. New questions and understandings between different concepts, such as texture and cooking, need to be identified and how they correlate with cellular behavior and taste. This work focuses on understanding and developing photolithographic systems for scalable cellular agriculture. There were two specific research directions: 1) a traditional photolithography printing system was improved upon for mass manufacturing purposes and 2) mechanical analysis and degradation of key potential photolithographic biomaterials were tested for a food product. A novel digital rotational ultraviolet manufacturing (DRUM) process was developed, and …

Utah's Food Processing Industry Can Manufacture Products From Cbd-Containing Lipids That Have Superior Texture And Consistency, Joseph Cooney, Isaac Hilton

Research on Capitol Hill

Sophomore Joseph is an Honors student and Undergraduate Research Fellow studying physics. Freshman Isaac, of Kaysville, studies civil and environmental engineering. Joseph and Isaac are exploring how cannabinoids impact the way that lipids function. A common way CBD is packaged is within foods, where it is frequently added to fats like cocoa butter or palm oil, and as the market for such products increase producers need to understand CBD will change the behavior of the fats they are using.In addition to this work, Joseph also volunteers for a physics lab. “Undergraduate research has let me explore fields outside my major …

A Novel Approach For Real-Time Quality Monitoring In Machining Of Aerospace Alloy Through Acoustic Emission Signal Transformation For Dnn, David Adeniji, Kyle Oligee, Julius Schoop

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

Gamma titanium aluminide (γ-TiAl) is considered a high-performance, low-density replacement for nickel-based superalloys in the aerospace industry due to its high specific strength, which is retained at temperatures above 800 °C. However, low damage tolerance, i.e., brittle material behavior with a propensity to rapid crack propagation, has limited the application of γ-TiAl. Any cracks introduced during manufacturing would dramatically lower the useful (fatigue) life of γ-TiAl components, making the workpiece surface’s quality from finish machining a critical component to product quality and performance. To address this issue and enable more widespread use of γ-TiAl, this research aims to develop a …

A Novel Approach For Real-Time Quality Monitoring In Machining Of Aerospace Alloy Through Acoustic Emission Signal Transformation For Dnn, David Adeniji, Kyle Oligee, Julius Schoop

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

Gamma titanium aluminide (γ-TiAl) is considered a high-performance, low-density replacement for nickel-based superalloys in the aerospace industry due to its high specific strength, which is retained at temperatures above 800◦C. However, low damage tolerance, i.e., brittle material behavior with a propensity to rapid crack propagation, has limited the application of γ-TiAl. Any cracks introduced during manufacturing would dramatically lower the useful (fatigue) life of γ-TiAl components, making the workpiece surface’s quality from finish machining a critical component to product quality and performance. To address this issue and enable more widespread use of γ-TiAl, this research aims to develop a real-time …

Reshaping The Landscape Of The Future: Software-Defined Manufacturing, Lei Xu, Lin Chen, Zhimin Gao, Hiram Moya, Weidong Shi

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

We describe the concept of software-defined manufacturing, which divides the manufacturing ecosystem into software definition and physical manufacturing layers. Software-defined manufacturing allows better resource sharing and collaboration, and it has the potential to transform the existing manufacturing sector.

Unified Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm For Energy Efficient Job Shop Scheduling, Hongjong Wei, Shaobo Li, Huageng Quan, Dacheng Liu, Shu Rao, Chuanjiang Li, Jianjun Hu

Faculty Publications

In recent years, people have paid more and more attention to traditional manufacturing’s environmental impact, especially in terms of energy consumption and related emissions of carbon dioxide. Except for adopting new equipment, production scheduling could play an important role in reducing the total energy consumption of a manufacturing plant. Machine tools waste a considerable amount of energy because of their underutilization. Consequently, energy saving can be achieved by switching machines to standby or off when they lay idle for a comparatively long period. Herein, we first introduce the objectives of minimizing non-processing energy consumption, total weighted tardiness and earliness, and …

Utilizing Vr For Manufacturing Learning And Training, Jetrin Wichienwidhtaya

WWU Honors College Senior Projects

This paper looks into the world of virtual reality as seen from the manufacturing point of view, specifically inside manufacturing education. Virtual reality is growing within many industries including manufacturing and is a key piece in Industry 4.0. Every year, the capabilities of virtual reality grow as the resolution of screens progresses to the point where it can simulate near-perfect depictions of reality as processing power continues to grow. This opens a massive amount of potential into things like training. Especially in the current environment where learning virtually has become the norm, being able to have hands-on experience can help …

Filament Winding Composite Airframes For Sounding Rockets, Eric Ford

Student Works

This study’s objective was to determine the feasibility of manufacturing carbon fiber cylinders using an X-Winder filament winder for a structural airframe in sounding rockets. Multiple carbon fiber tubes were manufactured using the X-Winder and tested. The results of this testing successfully demonstrated that tubes manufactured with the X-Winder are capable of performing as an airframe for small sounding rockets. Five tube samples were destructively tested in compression, and the average maximum compressive strength of the tubes was 9,854 lbf. One of the tubes was used as the airframe in a small sounding rocket which flew to 4,042 feet above …

Flexibly Serving A Finite Number Of Heterogeneous Jobs In A Tandem System, Yun Fong Lim, Bingnan Lu, Rowan Wang, Wenjia Zhang

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Many manufacturing and service systems require a finite number of heterogeneous jobs to be processed by two stations in tandem. Each station serves at most one job at a time and there is a finite buffer between the two stations. We consider two flexible servers that are cross-trained to work at both stations. The duration for a server to finish a job at a station is exponentially distributed with a rate that depends on the server, the station, and the job. Our goal is to identify an efficient policy to dynamically assign the servers to the stations such that the …

Design Of Versatile Feedback Control System Components For Selective Laser Sintering, Thomas Chessman

University Scholar Projects

Selective laser sintering (SLS) is an additive manufacturing technique that involves using a laser to fuse powdered material together, layer by layer, in order to create a 3-D product. Despite its numerous benefits over traditional methods of manufacturing, including higher efficiency, versatility, and the ability to process many materials, selective laser sintering suffers from its propensity to generate structural errors during operation.

Feedback control has been shown to improve fabrication quality in other laser-based additive manufacturing techniques when implemented properly. Widespread exploration of applying feedback control in SLS might lead to significant performance improvements in this form of manufacturing.

This …

Editorial: Structure And Mechanical Properties Of Titanium Alloys And Titanium Matrix Composites (Tmcs), Lechun Xie, Liqiang Wang, Lai-Chang Zhang, Weijie Lu

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

No abstract provided.

College Of Engineering_Gee 230 Introduction To Engineering Leadership And Management_Group Team Project, Dana N. Humphrey

College of Engineering

Course assignment for a group project for the two sections of the GEE 230 Introduction to Engineering Leadership and Management course, focused on plans for manufacturing productive equipment and respirators. Also, includes cover email from Dean Dana N. Humphrey to the Provost Office regarding the course Dean Humphrey taught.

College Of Engineering_Pandemic Related Projects, Courses And Materials, University Of Maine College Of Engineering

College of Engineering

Report from the University of Maine College of Engineering chairs/faculty and center directors detailing projects directly relevant to COVID-19 and course materials/strategies/assignments/approaches to create infrastructures of support for students in the face of COVID-19.

Machine Learning In Manufacturing: Review, Synthesis, And Theoretical Framework, Ajit Sharma, Zhibo Zhang, Rahul Rai

Business Administration Faculty Research Publications

There has been a paradigmatic shift in manufacturing as computing has transitioned from the programmable to the cognitive computing era. In this paper we present a theoretical framework for understanding this paradigmatic shift in manufacturing and the fast evolving role of artificial intelligence. Policy, Strategic and Operational implications are discussed. Implications for the future of strategy and operations in manufacturing are also discussed. Future research directions are presented.

Maquiladoras In Central America: An Analysis Of Workforce Schedule, Productivity And Fatigue., Jose L. Barahona

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Textile factories or Maquiladoras are very abundant and predominant in Central American economies. However, they all do not have the same standardized work schedule or routines. Most of the Maquiladoras only follow schedules and regulations established by the current labor laws without taking into consideration many variables within their organization that could affect their overall performance. As a result, the purpose of the study is to analyze the current working structure of a textile Maquiladora and determine the most suitable schedule that will abide with the current working structure but also increase production levels, employee morale and decrease employee fatigue. …

Increasing Operator Skills In A Manufacturing Environment, Bobbie Lee Hubbard

Instructional Design Capstones Collection

A plastic-injection molding facility is converting many machines into more automated systems. These complex systems require higher-level skill sets than current operators have been trained in. There is a need to increase the level of competency in most, if not all, of the operators at the Facility, and create a system of levels that engages employees and encourages learning new skills to increase their position and pay.

There is a need for a clear path of compensation based on skills and actions. The Facility is currently not optimizing or maximizing their current portfolio of machines and resources, leaving an unknown …

A Systematic Study On The Effects Of Dimensional And Materials Tolerances On Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines Based On The Ieee Std 1812, Narges Taran, Vandana Rallabandi, Dan M. Ionel, Ping Zhou, Mark Theile, Greg Heins

Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications

In the process of designing and manufacturing an electrical machine, a systematic study of dimensional and material tolerances is of the utmost importance. This paper proposes a systematic method by which the effect of design specification variations on permanent magnet (PM) synchronous machine performance may be identified and quantified. The method combines design of experiments techniques, open-circuit and short-circuit physical measurements, and virtual test simulations conducted based on the recently approved IEEE Std 1812 testing guide. Three case studies, two provided by a spoke-type PM radial field machine configuration, in two designs with different electromagnetic loading, and an axial flux …

Development Of A Closed Car-T Manufacturing Process, Loo-Yong Steven Kee, Calley Hirsch, Devina Ramsaroop, Elizabeth Csaszar, Danylo Sirskyj, Aaron Dulgar-Tulloch

Advancing Manufacture of Cell and Gene Therapies VI

The field of immunotherapy has emerged as a promising new type of treatment for cancer with the approval of the first two CAR-T therapies. The clinical success of T-cell based immunotherapies necessitates a robust manufacturing process for these products to be consistently produced at commercial scale. Our CAR-T workflow combines unit operation specific solutions for thaw of an apheresis unit, wash, CD3 selection, T-cell activation, lentiviral transduction, incubator- and reactor-based expansion culture, harvest, formulation, cryopreservation and thaw of CAR-T product. We have evaluated the impact of both serum-containing and xeno-free culture media, commercially available T-cell selection and activation reagents, closed …

Process Sustainability Evaluation For Manufacturing Of A Component With The 6r Application, Ana E. Bonilla Hernández, Tao Lu, Tomas Beno, Claes Fredriksson, Ibrahim S. Jawahir

Institute for Sustainable Manufacturing Faculty Publications

Sustainability in manufacturing can be evaluated at product, process and system levels. The 6R methodology for sustainability enhancement in manufacturing processes includes: reduced use of materials, energy, water and other resources; reusing of products/components; recovery and recycling of materials/components; remanufacturing of products; and redesigning of products to utilize recovered materials/resources. Although manufacturing processes can be evaluated by their productivity, quality and cost, process sustainability assessment makes it a complete evaluation. This paper presents a 6R-based evaluation method for sustainable manufacturing in terms of specific metrics within six major metrics clusters: environmental impact, energy consumption, waste management, cost, resource utilization and …

3d Scaffolds Of Polycaprolactone/Copper-Doped Bioactive Glass: Architecture Engineering With Additive Manufacturing And Cellularassessments In A Coculture Of Bone Marrow Stem Cells And Endothelial Cells, Xiaoju Wang, Binbin Zhang, Sanna Pitkanen, Miina Ojansivu, Chunlin Xu, Markus Hannula, Jari A. Hyttinen, Susanna S. Miettinen, Leena Hupa, Gordon G. Wallace

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

The local delivery of Cu2+ from copper-doped bioactive glass (Cu-BaG) was combined with 3D printing of polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds for its potent angiogenic effect in bone tissue engineering. PCL and Cu-BaG were, respectively, dissolved and dispersed in acetone to formulate a moderately homogeneous ink. The PCL/Cu-BaG scaffolds were fabricated via direct ink writing into a cold ethanol bath. The architecture of the printed scaffolds, including strut diameter, strut spacing, and porosity, were investigated and characterized. The PCL/Cu-BaG scaffolds showed a Cu-BaG content-dependent mechanical property, as the compressive Young's modulus ranged from 7 to 13 MPa at an apparent porosity of …

Impact Of Hysteresis Heating Of Railroad Bearing Thermoplastic Elastomer Suspension Pad On Railroad Bearing Thermal Management, Oscar O. Rodriguez, Arturo A. Fuentes, Constantine Tarawneh

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

It is a known fact that polymers and all other materials develop hysteresis heating due to the viscoelastic response or internal friction. The hysteresis or phase lag occurs when cyclic loading is applied leading to the dissipation of mechanical energy. The hysteresis heating is induced by the internal heat generation of the material, which occurs at the molecular level as it is being disturbed cyclically. Understanding the hysteresis heating of the railroad bearing elastomer suspension element during operation is essential to predict its dynamic response and structural integrity, as well as to predict the thermal behavior of the railroad bearing …

Empowering Manufacturing Decisions Through Process Simulation Models, Tiffany Rau, Terence Davidovits, Rick Stock

Cell Culture Engineering XVI

The need for Clinical and Commercial manufacturing capacity continues to increase and at the same time there are “shortages” of production slots and time pressures. Whether one is a virtual, small or large company there are many considerations that go into the decision of how and where to manufacture the biopharmaceutical, cell therapy or vaccine. In this presentation, we explore approaches for using commercially available modeling tools, such as Super ProDesigner® and BioSolve™, to simulate the manufacturing of a “typical” monoclonal antibody product and a multivalent conjugate vaccine product. Through these hypothetical case studies, we will illustrate several important concepts …

Design The Capacity Of Onsite Generation System With Renewable Sources For Manufacturing Plant, Xiao Zhong, Md Monirul Islam, Haoyi Xiong, Zeyi Sun

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

The utilization of onsite generation system with renewable sources in manufacturing plants plays a critical role in improving the resilience, enhancing the sustainability, and bettering the cost effectiveness for manufacturers. When designing the capacity of onsite generation system, the manufacturing energy load needs to be met and the cost for building and operating such onsite system with renewable sources are two critical factors need to be carefully quantified. Due to the randomness of machine failures and the variation of local weather, it is challenging to determine the energy load and onsite generation supply at different time periods. In this paper, …

Note On The Rate And Energy Efficiency Limits For Additive Manufacturing, Timothy Gutowski, Sheng Jiang, Daniel Cooper, Gero Corman, Michael Hausmann, Jan-Anders Manson, Timo Schudeleit, Konrad Wegener, Matias Sabelle, Jorge Ramos-Grez, Dusan P. Sekulic

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

We review the process rates and energy intensities of various additive processing technologies and focus on recent progress in improving these metrics for laser powder bed fusion processing of metals, and filament and pellet extrusion processing of polymers and composites. Over the last decade, observed progress in raw build rates has been quite substantial, with laser metal processes improving by about 1 order of magnitude, and polymer extrusion processes by more than 2 orders of magnitude. We develop simple heat transfer models that explain these improvements, point to other possible strategies for improvement, and highlight rate limits. We observe a …