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Articles 1 - 30 of 290
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Variable-Thickness Boundary Layers For Sliding Mode Control, Chyun-Chau Fuh
Variable-Thickness Boundary Layers For Sliding Mode Control, Chyun-Chau Fuh
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
Sliding mode control is a nonlinear feedback control technique which provides good robustness against modeling uncertainties and external disturbances. However, as the uncertainties or disturbances increase, a greater control input is required, and the control signal may cause an undesirable chattering phenomenon. In general, the further the system trajectory from the origin, the more violent the chattering effect. However, as the trajectory moves closer to the origin, the degree of chattering gradually reduces. As a result, even if an attempt is made to eliminate chattering by introducing a small constant boundary layer around the sliding surface, the chattering phenomenon may …
Impact Of Fire-Through And Misfire In Rectifier Valves On A Turbine Generator Neighboring To A Hvdc Inverter Station, Ming-Te Liang
Impact Of Fire-Through And Misfire In Rectifier Valves On A Turbine Generator Neighboring To A Hvdc Inverter Station, Ming-Te Liang
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
The major purpose of this paper is the theoretical elucidation of the corrosion tube growth mechanism of mild steel occurred from the effect of pH value and oxygen corrosion at elevated pressure provided by Riggs et al. [6]. Based on the Nernst-Planck equation, continuity principle, Green's theorem, Stokes's theorem and the equation of Newton's second law of motion, the mechanism of corrosion tube development can be explained theoretically. The Bernoulli sum is contant at any cross-section of tubular corrosion product. The implication of the present results are theoretically enhanced the formation of corrosion tube mechanism.
Theoretical Elucidation On The Corrosion Tube Growth Mechanism Of Mild Steel In The Effect Of Ph On Oxygen Corrosion At Elevated Pressures, Ming-Te Liang
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
The major purpose of this paper is the theoretical elucidation of the corrosion tube growth mechanism of mild steel occurred from the effect of pH value and oxygen corrosion at elevated pressure provided by Riggs et al. [6]. Based on the Nernst-Planck equation, continuity principle, Green's theorem, Stokes's theorem and the equation of Newton's second law of motion, the mechanism of corrosion tube development can be explained theoretically. The Bernoulli sum is contant at any cross-section of tubular corrosion product. The implication of the present results are theoretically enhanced the formation of corrosion tube mechanism.
Discrete-Time Output Feedback Sliding Mode Control For Uncertain Systems, Ming-Chang Pai
Discrete-Time Output Feedback Sliding Mode Control For Uncertain Systems, Ming-Chang Pai
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
This paper presents a discrete-time output feedback sliding mode control to stabilize a class of linear uncertain systems in which the state is unavailable and no estimated state is required. The proposed sliding mode controller is derived to guarantee the existence of quasi-sliding mode by using output feedback only and the stability of overall closed-loop system is assured. This scheme ensures the robustness against parametric uncertainties and disturbances. Neither chattering phenomenon will occur nor the knowledge of upper bound of uncertainties is required. Simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed control methodology.
Assessment Of Ground Shaking In Ilan County, Taiwan, Hui-Mi Hsu, Sao-Jeng Chao, Howard Hwang
Assessment Of Ground Shaking In Ilan County, Taiwan, Hui-Mi Hsu, Sao-Jeng Chao, Howard Hwang
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
This paper presents an estimation of ground shaking intensity in the Ilan area caused by two scenario earthquakes. On the basis of seismic activity in the study area, the seismic zones, including Okinawa trough seismic zone section A and Suao-Hualien offshore seismic zone are established. The earthquakes occurring in these two zones are considered as the scenario earthquakes. The hundreds of boring logs are also collected and classified into three site classes as specified in the Taiwan Seismic Building Code. The intensity of ground shaking in the Ilan area caused by a scenario earthquake is then estimated by using an …
The Study Of Price Accept Threshold For The ??Lue Highway??Tour Of The North-East Region In Taiwan, Hung-Yen Chou, Jin-Long Lu, Chiang Fu
The Study Of Price Accept Threshold For The ??Lue Highway??Tour Of The North-East Region In Taiwan, Hung-Yen Chou, Jin-Long Lu, Chiang Fu
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
The “Blue Highway” in the NE region of Taiwan includes the tour itineraries of Keelung-Suao, Suao-Hualien and Keelung-Hualien, each with its individual oceanic scenic features and its potential corresponding onshore scenic spots. This study explores the relationship between the “Blue Highway” tour portfolios and price attributes to collect the preference recognition of the public concerning the NE region “Blue Highway” tour itineraries and prices with the stated preference method. The utility function of the discrete choice model assumes the impact effect among attributes to be in a linear relationship plus percentages. The price threshold model improves the assumption of this …
Study On Mechanical Properties Of A356 Alloys Enhanced With Preformed Thixotropic Structure, Shueiwan H. Juang, Shyh-Ming Wu
Study On Mechanical Properties Of A356 Alloys Enhanced With Preformed Thixotropic Structure, Shueiwan H. Juang, Shyh-Ming Wu
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
A preformed A356 alloys with thixotropic structure (designated SSM-A356) was systematically studied on mechanical properties in order to establish the database for further investigations in forming and heat treatment. Because of the specific microstructure and characteristics, the heat treatment conditions of SSM-A356 were explored through the observations of microstructure and the measurement of micro-hardness. In the investigation of heat treatment, it was observed that the eutectic silicon was refined and spheroidized which is unlikely for conventional processing. The mechanical testing results showed that the yield and ultimate tensile strength of SSM-A356 were respectively around 115% and 34% greater than those …
Case Study Of Wind-Resistant Design And Analysis Of High Mast Structures Based On Different Wind Codes, Ching-Wen Chien, Jing-Jong Jang
Case Study Of Wind-Resistant Design And Analysis Of High Mast Structures Based On Different Wind Codes, Ching-Wen Chien, Jing-Jong Jang
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
The high mast structure (HMS) has the characters of light weight and high cost efficiency. Therefore, it is widely used in the modern construction industry. It has a large the ratio of height (H) to least horizontal dimension (D) that makes it a particularly more slender and wind-sensitive than any other structures. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to develop the wind-resistant design (WRD) procedure for the slender, tapered support structures of HMS subjected to wind-induced excitation from vortex shedding and gust buffeting. This paper illustrates the theoretical basis and the analytical development of the WRD; including calculating gust …
The Manpower Supply Planning And Shift Setting For Mass Rapid Transit Carriage Maintenance In Short-Term Operations, Shangyao Yan, Chia-Hung Chen, Miawjane Chen
The Manpower Supply Planning And Shift Setting For Mass Rapid Transit Carriage Maintenance In Short-Term Operations, Shangyao Yan, Chia-Hung Chen, Miawjane Chen
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
An effective carriage maintenance plan cannot only reduce the mass rapid transit system operating costs, but is also directly related to its safety and schedule punctuality. Traditionally, the arrangement of the carriage maintenance manpower supply has been based on staff experience, and has been performed manually following simple rules. This is not only time-consuming but often ineffective. Therefore, in this research, we incorporate flexible management strategies, different combinations of principles, and the related operating constraints, to develop a basic carriage maintenance manpower supply plan model. Furthermore, we construct an integrated model by modifying the basic model, which can help an …
Minerva 2008, The Honors College
Minerva 2008, The Honors College
Minerva
This issue of Minerva includes an article on the completion of the restoration of Colvin Hall; a reflection by Ruth Nadelhaft, former UMaine Honors program director; and an article on Honors alumnus and Nobel Peace Prize winner Bernard Lown and his 2008 Rezendes Visiting Scholar in Ethics Lecture/Distinguished Honors Graduate Lecture.
Chitosan/Calcium Phosphate Composites Scaffolds Prepared By Membrane Diffusion Process, P Thanaphat, P Thunyakitpisal, W Techaboonyakiat
Chitosan/Calcium Phosphate Composites Scaffolds Prepared By Membrane Diffusion Process, P Thanaphat, P Thunyakitpisal, W Techaboonyakiat
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, HAp) and Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO4.H2O, DCPD) were homogeneously hybridized into chitosan solution by membrane diffusion process. The threedimensional scaffolds were obtained by freeze-drying process. The organic and inorganic contents of scaffold were determined by using thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). The surface morphology of the scaffold and characteristic of calcium phosphate were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. Compressive modulus was also determined by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The hybridized inorganic content ranges from 35-45%. Both chitosan/HAp and chitosan/DCPD scaffolds showed interconnected porous structure. The calcium to phosphorus ratios …
Water Soluble Chitosan As An Environment-Friendly Coagulant In Removal Of Rubber Particles From Skim Rubber Latex, R Werathirachot, P Danwanichakul, C Kongkaew, S Loykulnant
Water Soluble Chitosan As An Environment-Friendly Coagulant In Removal Of Rubber Particles From Skim Rubber Latex, R Werathirachot, P Danwanichakul, C Kongkaew, S Loykulnant
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
Water soluble chitosan, dissolved in hot deionized water to obtain 0.8% solution, was used for the coagulation-flocculation of skim natural rubber latex. The efficiency of coagulation-flocculation of skim rubber latex without pH adjustment was much poorer than that of neutral skim rubber latex. When adding chitosan solution to the neutral skim rubber latex with a rubber content of 5.300 %wt/vol until the concentration of chitosan in the dispersion was 0.107%, the phase separation between rubber particles and yellow serum was clearly observed. At this condition, the removal efficiency of skim rubber particles was found to be the best among all …
Preparation And Characterization Of Particles From Chitosan With Different Molecular Weights And Their Trimethyl Chitosan Derivatives For Nasal Immunization, W Boonyo, H E. Junginger, N Waranuch, A Polnok, T Pitaksuteepong
Preparation And Characterization Of Particles From Chitosan With Different Molecular Weights And Their Trimethyl Chitosan Derivatives For Nasal Immunization, W Boonyo, H E. Junginger, N Waranuch, A Polnok, T Pitaksuteepong
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
According to previous studies, molecular weights (MW) of chitosan presented an influence on the level of immune response to model antigen when administering with chitosan through nasal route. Moreover, trimethyl chitosan (TMC) with a degree of quaternization (DQ) of 40%, chitosan derivatives, was also shown to be the most potent nasal OVA delivery platforms compared to TMC with DQ of 20% and 60% in mice model. The aims of this study were to prepare particles from chitosan with difference MW and their TMC derivatives (DQ = 40%) and to characterize size, zeta potential, loading efficiency and release profile in order …
Preparation Of Ultrafine Silver Powder Using Glycerol As Reducing Agent, E Nisaratanaporn, K Wongsuwan
Preparation Of Ultrafine Silver Powder Using Glycerol As Reducing Agent, E Nisaratanaporn, K Wongsuwan
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
The production of silver nanoparticles and sub-micron particles can be achieved by silver alkoxide from silver sulfate and subsequently reducing with glycerol. To reduce the particle size of silver sulfate precursors, ball milling was employed to reduce particle sizes down to 0.81 microns. However, silver sulfate without grinding provided smaller particle sizes of silver particles as opposed to ground specimens. Stirring silver alkoxide simultaneously was efficient to provide for uniform distribution of silver powder. The silver powder thus produced had brain-like shape consisted of very fine aggregate silver particles. The yield of silver powder was in the range of 95-99 …
Influence Of Reinforced Plastomers On Injection Moulds Wear, A Guzanová, J Brezinová
Influence Of Reinforced Plastomers On Injection Moulds Wear, A Guzanová, J Brezinová
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
The contribution deals with wear of injection moulds based on aluminium alloy Alumec 89 in friction couples with plastomers reinforced with different glass fibres content. Friction relations in injection moulding were simulated by adhesion dry wear test with help of Amsler equipment with area contact of friction couple. Wear intensity was evaluated by friction coefficient and relative wear by weight loss. Simultaneously, changes of aluminium alloy surface morphology after wear in particular friction couples were analysed.
Demonstration Of The Ntc Ceramic Application For Temperature Measurement And Control Using The Labview-Based Measurement System, T Panmatarith, K Poatong
Demonstration Of The Ntc Ceramic Application For Temperature Measurement And Control Using The Labview-Based Measurement System, T Panmatarith, K Poatong
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
In the present paper, ZnO+0.01SnO2 ceramics were prepared using a standard ceramic method. We present the NTC ceramic application for temperature measurement and control using the LabVIEW-based measurement system. The measured resistance of the sample at room temperature was about 6.5 kΩ. The electrical resistance versus temperature of the sample was measured. The negative temperature coefficient of resistance of the sample was -1.018 %/°C. This sample showed NTC effect and exhibited NTC resistor, indicating their potential application as temperature sensor with low cost. It can be used as temperature sensor by using the NTC effect . The measured temperature (T) …
Production Of Sponge Rubber For Monolayer Rubber Stamp Using Salt Leaching Method, W Trakanpruk, Y Rodthong
Production Of Sponge Rubber For Monolayer Rubber Stamp Using Salt Leaching Method, W Trakanpruk, Y Rodthong
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
Sponge rubber used for monolayer rubber stamp was produced from nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR). Open cells in sponge rubber were created using salt leaching method. Effect of size and amount of sodium chloride which was used as a water soluble salt on the creation of open cells in the rubber was investigated. Carbon black was used as a filler. A different type of surfactant was added to increase the leaching out of salt from the rubber. Cure characteristics of the compound rubbers: maximum torque, minimum torque, scorch time and cure time as well as hardness of the prepared sponge rubber …
Properties Evaluation Of Sodium Nitrite Treated Chitosan-Cotton Fabric, S Srisuk, K Srikulkit
Properties Evaluation Of Sodium Nitrite Treated Chitosan-Cotton Fabric, S Srisuk, K Srikulkit
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
In this study, chitosan coated-cotton fabric was prepared and then treated with sodium nitrite under mild condition, aiming at the partial removal of surface-chitosan in order to solve the problems of surface dyeing and fabric stiffness. The results showed that sodium nitrite treated chitosan-fabric exhibited an improvement of dyeability (higher dye exhaustion and color strength) when compared to untreated fabric. The improvement in dyeability was due to the availability of chitosan amino groups which had an affinity to anionic dyes including reactive dyes. Other fabric properties were evaluated. The results showed that color fastness properties (crocking fastness and light fastness) …
Application Of Chitosan In Rice Production, S Boonlertnirun, C Boonraung, R Suvanasara
Application Of Chitosan In Rice Production, S Boonlertnirun, C Boonraung, R Suvanasara
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
Chitosan is a natural biopolymer which stimulates growth and increases yield of plants as well as induces the immune system of plants. The objectives of this study were to determine appropriate applications for increasing of the rice yield. The experiment was performed with randomized complete block design ( RCBD) with four replications. Four treatments were done as follows : no chitosan application, seed soaking with chitosan solution, seed soaking and soil application with chitosan solution and seed soaking and foliar spraying with chitosan solution. The results showed that application of chitosan by seed soaking and soil application four times throughout …
Preparation Of N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine Using Enzyme From Aspergillus Sp., P Setthakaset, R Pichyangkura, A Ajavakom, M Sukwattanasinitt
Preparation Of N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine Using Enzyme From Aspergillus Sp., P Setthakaset, R Pichyangkura, A Ajavakom, M Sukwattanasinitt
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) is one of the basic constituents of mammal cartilage, which is known to help repair deteriorating cartilage and relieve pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis patients. The preparation of GlcNAc from squid pen β-chitin by using Aspergillus sp. chitinase in enzymatic hydrolysis is studied. The cultivation of the fungus in colloidal chitin minimum media at pH 3.5 and 40°C for 5 days gives the highest chitinolytic activity of 3.1 U/mL. The crude enzyme obtained from the the cultivation is used in the hydrolysis of milled squid pen β-chitin (50μm) at pH 4 (acetic acid 2M) and 45°C using 22 …
Chitin Nanowhisker And Chitosan Nanoparticles In Protein Immobilization For Biosensor Applications, P Na Nakorn
Chitin Nanowhisker And Chitosan Nanoparticles In Protein Immobilization For Biosensor Applications, P Na Nakorn
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
In this study, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as a model protein for the optimization of protein immobilization on chitin nanowhisker and chitosan nanoparticles under different conditions. Chitosan nanoparticles showed better results than chitin in this immobilization purpose. The immobilization at 15 minutes, pH 6 and 20-25°C was the optimal condition. Subsequently, glucose oxidase (GOD), enzyme used for glucose determination, was applied in order to investigate the optimum immobilization condition on chitosan nanoparticles. The optimal condition prove to…at pH 7, 30°C and 0.5 mg/ml of initial GOD concentration via immobilization at 15 minutes. Chitin nanowhisker and chitosan nanoparticles in …
Factors Affecting Preparations Of Chitosan Microcapsules For Colonic Drug Delivery, K Huanbutta, M Luangtana-Anan, P Sriamornsak, S Limmatvapirat, S Puttipipatkhachorn, J Nunthanid
Factors Affecting Preparations Of Chitosan Microcapsules For Colonic Drug Delivery, K Huanbutta, M Luangtana-Anan, P Sriamornsak, S Limmatvapirat, S Puttipipatkhachorn, J Nunthanid
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
This work aimed at studying factors affecting preparations of chitosan microcapsules for colonic drug delivery. Chitosan microcores (CS, 45kDa, 87% degree of deacetylation) containing diclofenac sodium (DS) coated with Eudragit®S100 (ED) were prepared by a desolvation technique. Sodium sulfate was used as a desolvating agent and the drying process was freeze-drying. Factors affecting morphology, particle size and zeta potential of microcapsules were evaluated, i.e. weight ratio of DS:CS:ED, surfactant (polysorbate 80), anti-adherent (silicon dioxide), and the use of sonication or homogenization in preparation processes. The weight ratio of DS:CS:ED at 1:2:6 provided the smallest microcapsules of about 82.37±1.61 micrometer in …
Fabrication Of Al/Al2o3 Composite By Powder Metallurgy Method From Aluminum And Rice Husk Ash, C Dhadsanadhep, T Luangvaranunt, J Umeda, K Kondoh
Fabrication Of Al/Al2o3 Composite By Powder Metallurgy Method From Aluminum And Rice Husk Ash, C Dhadsanadhep, T Luangvaranunt, J Umeda, K Kondoh
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
Fabrication of Al-4wt.%Cu /Alumina composite was reported. The method of fabrication was powder metallurgy by in-situ reaction to form alumina during fabrication. Starting materials were mixture of aluminum, copper, and silica powders. Silica is in form of rice husk ash. The mixture was cold compacted, and sintered at 650°C for 1 h. Hot forging was carried out to further consolidate the sintered billet, followed by 10-h heat treatment at temperatures between 590 to 650°C. Phase analysis by XRD confirmed that in-situ reaction between silica and aluminum powders occurred during heat treatment at temperatures above 590°C. The products of reaction were …
Fabrication Of Porous Bioactive Glass-Ceramics Via Decomposition Of Natural Fibres, P Sooksaen, S Suttiruengwong, K Oniem, K Ngamlamiad, J Atireklapwarodom
Fabrication Of Porous Bioactive Glass-Ceramics Via Decomposition Of Natural Fibres, P Sooksaen, S Suttiruengwong, K Oniem, K Ngamlamiad, J Atireklapwarodom
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
Porous bio glass-ceramics were prepared via natural fibres burning-out process. Glass-ceramics were fabricated by controlled crystallization of suitable glass compositions to give required crystalline phase/s. Porous structure was formed alongside during burning-out of natural fibres. Three glass batches were prepared in the SiO2-CaO-P2O5-K2O-Na2O-CaF2 glass system, then melted, quenched and milled to give fine glass powders. DTA thermograms for the three glass compositions showed crystallization temperatures between 720 and 760°C and Tg ranging between 508 and 645°C. Porous glass-ceramics were characterized for bulk density, phase evolution and microstructures. Different compositions resulted in different bulk densities and phases that crystallized out. Fluorapatite …
Preparation And Optical Transmission Of The Zno Nanorod Array Films, Feng Ye, Jing-Jing Li, Tong-Tao Wang, Yong-Liang Wang, Yun Liu, Xin-Dong Wang
Preparation And Optical Transmission Of The Zno Nanorod Array Films, Feng Ye, Jing-Jing Li, Tong-Tao Wang, Yong-Liang Wang, Yun Liu, Xin-Dong Wang
Journal of Electrochemistry
By using a galvaostatic electrodeposition method in the ZnCl2 solution,the highly oriented ZnO nanorod array films have been successfully prepared on ITO substrate after the pretreatment with ZnO nanoparticles.And they were characterized by scanning electron microscope,X-ray diffraction and transmittance spectra.The results indicated that the ZnO nanorod arrays grew along(001) direction with an orientation perpendicular to the substrate.When the wavelength of incident was over 380 nm,the ZnO nanorod arrays showed high optical transmission of above 95%.Furthermore,the band gap became narrower.
Preparations Of Composite Electrodes Of Pt With H_Xwo_3 And Catalytic Activity Toward Oxygen Reduction Reaction, Pan-Pan Guo, You-Ju Huang, Hong-Yan Yang, Wei Li, Qing-Long Zhang, Wei-Shan Li
Preparations Of Composite Electrodes Of Pt With H_Xwo_3 And Catalytic Activity Toward Oxygen Reduction Reaction, Pan-Pan Guo, You-Ju Huang, Hong-Yan Yang, Wei Li, Qing-Long Zhang, Wei-Shan Li
Journal of Electrochemistry
Three composite electrodes of platinum with hydrogen tungsten bronze(HxWO3)were prepared by voltammetry: hydrogen tungsten bronze deposited on platinum(HxWO3/Pt);platinum deposited on hydrogen tungsten bronze(Pt/HxWO3) and codeposited platinum and hydrogen tungsten bronze(Pt-HxWO3).The eletro-catalytic activities of three electrodes toward oxygen reduction reaction were studied.It is found that the catalytic activity of platinum can be improved by introducing with hydrogen tungsten bronze.Among these composite electrodes Pt/HxWO3,and the electrode shows the best eletro-catalytic activity toward oxygen reduction reaction,hence,provides a new way for reducing loading of noble metal in the application for fuel cell.
Synthesis Of The Lifepo_4 By Co Reduction:Reaction Mechanism And Kinetics, Yun-Hua Chen, Yong Yang
Synthesis Of The Lifepo_4 By Co Reduction:Reaction Mechanism And Kinetics, Yun-Hua Chen, Yong Yang
Journal of Electrochemistry
LiFePO4 cathode material was synthesized by CO reducing FePO4 and LiOH precursors.The structure,morphology and electrochemical performances of such LiFePO4 material were characterized by XRD,SEM and charge-discharge tests.It was shown that the particle size of the LiFePO4 synthesized with 5% excess of LiOH in the precursor was about 200 nm.By carbon coating,the LiFePO4 electrode was able to deliver a reversible capacity of 158 mAh·g-1 at 0.1C discharge rate.Temperature-programmed X-ray diffraction was employed to monitor the reaction during the formation of LiFePO4,and Li3Fe2(PO4)3 was found to be an intermediate by analyzing the time-resolved XRD patterns.Kinetic study indicates that nucleation and their growth …
Corrosion Inhibition Of Magnesium Alloy In 3.5% Nacl Medium By Tungstate, Ling-Jie Li, Zhi-Ming Yao, Jing-Lei Lei, Dong-Hai He, Sheng-Tao Zhang, Fu-Sheng Pan
Corrosion Inhibition Of Magnesium Alloy In 3.5% Nacl Medium By Tungstate, Ling-Jie Li, Zhi-Ming Yao, Jing-Lei Lei, Dong-Hai He, Sheng-Tao Zhang, Fu-Sheng Pan
Journal of Electrochemistry
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),Tafel polarization curves and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) were used to study the corrosion inhibition of AZ61 magnesium alloy in 3.5% NaCl medium with tungstate.Results showed that tungstate demonstrates strong inhibition to the corrosion of AZ61 magnesium alloy.At the concentration of 0.01 mol/L,tungstate has a high inhibition efficiency 75.5%.Tungstate is an anodic inhibitor that mainly inhibited the anodic reactions of magnesium alloy through forming a compact protective layer that covered the magnesium alloy surface active sites.
Behavior Of Copper Electrodeposition In Copper Electroplating Solution With Different Peg Molecular Weight, Lie Yin, Zeng-Lin Wang
Behavior Of Copper Electrodeposition In Copper Electroplating Solution With Different Peg Molecular Weight, Lie Yin, Zeng-Lin Wang
Journal of Electrochemistry
The effect of the polyethylene glycol(PEG) molecular weight(MW) upon via-hole filling with diameter of 50 μm and aspect ratio of 1 in the acid copper plating solution was studied.The cathodic polarization in copper electroplating bath with PEG of different molecule weights was investigated by linear sweep voltammetry.The surface roughness,crystallography,and the resistivity of copper films were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),atomic force microscopy(AFM) and the four-point probe measurements.The results showed that the polarization on the cathode and the hole-filling capability of electroplating copper bath were increased evidently with an increase of PEG molecular weight from 600 to 8000.When the PEG MW was …