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Articles 1 - 30 of 34
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Effect Of Composition And Print Orientation On Thermal Conductivity Of 3d Printed Composites, Cory Jacques
Effect Of Composition And Print Orientation On Thermal Conductivity Of 3d Printed Composites, Cory Jacques
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have become widely used for rapid prototyping and are beginning to be used for end-use applications. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a type of 3D printing where molten thermoplastic is extruded layer by layer to create parts. There is an increasing need for improvement and diversification of material properties to further extend the use of AM parts. AM parts have not been commonly used in heat transfer applications due to the limited availability of information on thermal conductivity of materials and the effects of printing orientation. A special apparatus was designed and built to experimentally test …
Assessing The Effectiveness Of Cfd To Solve An Inverse Problem Of Thermal Profiles For The Protodune-Sp Neutrino Detector, Cecilia Anne Streff
Assessing The Effectiveness Of Cfd To Solve An Inverse Problem Of Thermal Profiles For The Protodune-Sp Neutrino Detector, Cecilia Anne Streff
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a branch of fluid mechanics which is employed to numerically solve complex fluid, heat transfer, and multiphysics problems. Traditionally, CFD techniques are used to solve “forward” problems—using some known information of a system as inputs to a representative model to predict experimental measurements or expected system behavior. The work presented here demonstrates how CFD may be used to solve an “inverse” problem—given limited experimental data and some model, predict (previously unidentified) “input” system (or system model) parameters. The case study for this research uses a validated CFD modeling approach of the liquid argon (LAr) region …
Improved Secure And Low Computation Authentication Protocol For Wireless Body Area Network With Ecc And 2d Hash Chain, Soohyeon Choi
Improved Secure And Low Computation Authentication Protocol For Wireless Body Area Network With Ecc And 2d Hash Chain, Soohyeon Choi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Since technologies have been developing rapidly, Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) has emerged as a promising technique for healthcare systems. People can monitor patients’ body condition and collect data remotely and continuously by using WBAN with small and compact wearable sensors. These sensors can be located in, on, and around the patient’s body and measure the patient’s health condition. Afterwards sensor nodes send the data via short-range wireless communication techniques to an intermediate node. The WBANs deal with critical health data, therefore, secure communication within the WBAN is important. There are important criteria in designing a security protocol for a …
Quantification Of Climate Variability And Extreme Events In The Great Plains, Angelinah Ntsieng Rasoeu
Quantification Of Climate Variability And Extreme Events In The Great Plains, Angelinah Ntsieng Rasoeu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Climate variability and extreme events continue to worsen resulting in significant impacts to society and the environment. Quantifying precipitation variability, streamflow, and extreme events at local scale is crucial for local planning and management due to spatial and temporal precipitation variability which influences streamflow and thus, water resources. This study uses statistical tools to analyze 1895-2019 (125 years) of historical precipitation data to examine how long-term precipitation varies annually, seasonally, and monthly, and create climate classifications. The results show that annual precipitation is increasing linearly over time ranging from 13.2 in (1976) to 43.1 in (2010) and 5 climate classes …
Classification And Evaluation Of Extended Pics (Epics) On A Global Scale For Calibration And Stability Monitoring Of Optical Satellite Sensors, Juliana Maria Fajardo Rueda
Classification And Evaluation Of Extended Pics (Epics) On A Global Scale For Calibration And Stability Monitoring Of Optical Satellite Sensors, Juliana Maria Fajardo Rueda
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
As targets for the calibration and monitoring of optical satellite sensors, historically stable areas across North Africa have been used, known as Pseudo Invariant Calibration Sites PICS. However, two major drawbacks exist for these sites; first is the dependency on a single location to be always invariant, and second is the limited amount of observation achieved using these sites. As a result, longer time periods are needed to construct a dense data set to assess the radiometric performance of on-orbit optical sensors, and be convinced that the change detected is sensor-specific rather than site-specific. This work presents a global land …
Cascaded Deep Learning Network For Postearthquake Bridge Serviceability Assessment, Youjeong Jang
Cascaded Deep Learning Network For Postearthquake Bridge Serviceability Assessment, Youjeong Jang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Damages assessment of bridges is important to derive immediate response after severe events to decide serviceability. Especially, past earthquakes have proven the vulnerability of bridges with insufficient detailing. Due to lack of a national and unified post-earthquake inspection procedure for bridges, conventional damage assessments are performed by sending professional personnel to the onsite, detecting visually and measuring the damage state. To get accurate and fast damage result of bridge condition is important to save not only lives but also costs.
There have been studies using image processing techniques to assess damage of bridge column without sending individual to onsite. Convolutional …
Rational Design Of Advanced Functional Materials For Electrochemical Devices, Shun Lu
Rational Design Of Advanced Functional Materials For Electrochemical Devices, Shun Lu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In recent years, there has been a fast-growing trend in developing urea (CO(NH2)2) as a substitute H2 carrier in energy conversion due to its high energy density, nontoxicity, stability, and nonflammability. Urea, a byproduct in the metabolism of proteins and a frequent contaminant in wastewater, is an abundant compound that has demonstrated favorable characteristics as a hydrogen-rich fuel source with 6.7 wt % gravimetric hydrogen content. Also, there is 2-2.5 wt % urea from mammal urine; therefore, 0.5 million ton of additional fuels will be produced per year just from human urine (240 million ton each year). Electrochemical oxidation has …
Detection Of Change Points In Pseudo-Invariant Calibration Sites Time Series Using Multi-Sensor Satellite Imagery, Neha Khadka
Detection Of Change Points In Pseudo-Invariant Calibration Sites Time Series Using Multi-Sensor Satellite Imagery, Neha Khadka
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The remote sensing community has extensively used Pseudo-Invariant Calibration Sites (PICS) to monitor the long-term in-flight radiometric calibration of Earth-observing satellites. The use of the PICS has an underlying assumption that these sites are invariant over time. However, the site’s temporal stability has not been assured in the past. This work evaluates the temporal stability of PICS by not only detecting the trend but also locating significant shifts (change points) lying behind the time series. A single time series was formed using the virtual constellation approach in which multiple sensors data were combined for each site to achieve denser temporal …
Laboratory Measurements Of Bed Shear Stress In Open Channel Flow And Soil Erosion Rate In Cohesive Soils, Gunnar Schurmann Kern
Laboratory Measurements Of Bed Shear Stress In Open Channel Flow And Soil Erosion Rate In Cohesive Soils, Gunnar Schurmann Kern
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The relationship between soil erosion rate and bed shear stress is an important problem in sediment transport and scour. However, reliable measurements of the soil erosion function are challenging, both in the field and in the laboratory. The objective of this study is to investigate an experimental setup for conducting bed shear stress and soil erosion rate measurements using an open channel flume with a rough bed. These experiments were performed in an A-8 Hydraulic Channel with a fixed gravel bed. The flow discharge was kept constant at 0.158 ft.3/s, and bed shear stress was varied by changing the channel …
Development Of Bio-Based Nanocomposites For Biosensor And Indicator Applications In Smart Food Packaging, Abdus Sobhan
Development Of Bio-Based Nanocomposites For Biosensor And Indicator Applications In Smart Food Packaging, Abdus Sobhan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Smart food packaging based on biosensors has been attracting more and more interest to the industrial community because of the concerns of food quality and safety. A food packaging with biosensor has a scope to enable real-time monitoring of microbial breakdown products of packaged foods. Furthermore, one of the biggest challenges in implementing biosensor for smart packaging materials is the development of bio-sensing active materials that can leverage their electrical, thermal, biodegradable and other functional properties. In this regard, nanocellulose-based activated carbon (NAC) nanocomposite was developed using the activated carbon and nanocellulose gel using the casting method with their different …
An Exploration Of The Application Of Spatial Network Screening Methods On Iowa Rural Road Crashes, Rosanna Maria Novellino Suarez
An Exploration Of The Application Of Spatial Network Screening Methods On Iowa Rural Road Crashes, Rosanna Maria Novellino Suarez
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Safety on the roadway system is important due to its usage on mobility and accessibility, especially on rural roads in the state of Iowa. Single vehicle run off road crashes have been increasing in the United States and studies and research has increased due to the concern with those. For this effort, a spatial-temporal method of traffic safety network screening is utilized in order to evaluate the concerning type of crashes in particular locations. The study of single vehicle run off road crashes using the proposed method is important since distributions and clusters of crashes along roadways can be observed …
Development Of A High Strength Composite Material Using Large Scale 3d Printing Applications Using Waste Plastic And Steel, Naga Sri Madhavareddy
Development Of A High Strength Composite Material Using Large Scale 3d Printing Applications Using Waste Plastic And Steel, Naga Sri Madhavareddy
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This project focuses on developing a high strength composite material for largescale 3D printing applications using recycled materials like High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and Steel 430. This material has applications for in-space manufacturing (the Moon or Mars) as well as large-scale manufacturing on earth. In addition to creating a strong useful material, materials that are easily recycled, but are often not recycled, are used. Recycling plastic and metal reduces pollution, saves resources, reduces waste going to landfills, and prevents the destruction of habitats from the polymerization of new plastic and similarly mining new ore. The percentage of HDPE generated from recycled …
Develop Biochar-Based Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizers, Zhisheng Cen
Develop Biochar-Based Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizers, Zhisheng Cen
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The current efficiency of conventional nitrogenous fertilizers (e.g. urea, ammonium sulfate, etc.) in agricultural practices is low, fluctuating from 30 to 40%. Approximately 60% of nitrogenous fertilizers were wasted due to vaporization into the air, runoff or leaching into water systems. The lost nitrogen (N) resulted in not only high production cost but also serious environmental problems, such as greenhouse gas (N2O) emission in the atmosphere, algal blooms, oxygen depletion, fish kills, and loss of biodiversity in surface water due to eutrophication or pollution. To address these problems, this study aimed to utilize low-cost biochar-based materials to develop a controllable, …
Lightweight Encryption Based Security Package For Wireless Body Area Network, Sangwon Shin
Lightweight Encryption Based Security Package For Wireless Body Area Network, Sangwon Shin
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
As the demand of individual health monitoring rose, Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) are becoming highly distinctive within health applications. Nowadays, WBAN is much easier to access then what it used to be. However, due to WBAN’s limitation, properly sophisticated security protocols do not exist. As WBAN devices deal with sensitive data and could be used as a threat to the owner of the data or their family, securing individual devices is highly important. Despite the importance in securing data, existing WBAN security methods are focused on providing light weight security methods. This led to most security methods for WBAN …
Human-Robot Collaboration Enabled By Real-Time Vision Tracking, Travis Deegan
Human-Robot Collaboration Enabled By Real-Time Vision Tracking, Travis Deegan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The number of robotic systems in the world is growing rapidly. However, most industrial robots are isolated in caged environments for the safety of users. There is an urgent need for human-in-the-loop collaborative robotic systems since robots are very good at performing precise and repetitive tasks but lack the cognitive ability and soft skills of humans. To fill this need, a key challenge is how to enable a robot to interpret its human co-worker’s motion and intention. This research addresses this challenge by developing a collaborative human-robot interface via innovations in computer vision, robotics, and system integration techniques. Specifically, this …
Nitrate And Phosphate Removal From Denitrification Bioreactors Using Woodchips, Steel Chips And Agricultural Residue Media, Abdoul Aziz Kouanda
Nitrate And Phosphate Removal From Denitrification Bioreactors Using Woodchips, Steel Chips And Agricultural Residue Media, Abdoul Aziz Kouanda
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Nitrate and phosphate present in agricultural subsurface drainage water can impact surface water quality thus impacting the environment and human health by causing eutrophication and Methemoglobinemia in young infant. Biological denitrification and phosphate adsorption filters are treatments options that can help reduce nitrate and phosphate concentration from agricultural subsurface drainage before it can be discharged in surface water. The first objective of this dissertation was to determine the Michaelis-Menten kinetics model parameters for nitrate removal in bioreactors using the fresh, aged, and composted woodchips. The composted woodchips achieved a denitrification rate 2.4 times higher than the fresh woodchips which was …
Mechanically Spliced Precast Bridge Columns, Ted Sjurseth
Mechanically Spliced Precast Bridge Columns, Ted Sjurseth
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Mechanical bar splices provide an alternative to the traditional method of lap splicing to achieve reinforcement bar continuity in reinforced concrete. Even though mechanical bar splices can be used as new precast column connections to accelerate the bridge construction (ABC), The use of bar couplers in the plastic hinge region of bridge columns is prohibited by the current US codes since the effects of bar couplers on the seismic behavior of columns is not fully investigated. A bridge column including precast columns with couplers located in a high seismic region must be designed to handle large inelastic lateral deformations. The …
Nanoscale Spatial Realization Of Grain Boundary Defects And Its Passivation In Perovskite Solar Cells, Ashraful Haider Chowdhury
Nanoscale Spatial Realization Of Grain Boundary Defects And Its Passivation In Perovskite Solar Cells, Ashraful Haider Chowdhury
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have seen significant improvement in photovoltaic performance in recent days. However, the performance of PSCs is limited by the defects present at grain boundaries (GB). The study adapted here discusses the nanoscale spatial realization of grain boundary defects and its passivation in perovskite solar cells. Conventional MAPbI3 and state- of-the-art Cs5(MA0.17FA0.83)95Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3-FAMACs perovskite GBs were studied in detail using atomic force microscopy. The density of trap states calculation by kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) shows that FAMACs perovskites have lower defects at GB compared with MAPbI3 perovskites. This improvement is caused by the less activation energy of …
Quantifying The Impacts Of Land Use, Management And Climate Change On Water Resources In Missouri River Basin, Arun Bawa
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A location-specific evaluation of hydrological landscape responses concerning past and projected climate and land use land cover (LULC) changes can provide a powerful intellectual basis for developing efficient and profitable agroecosystems, and overcoming uncertain and detrimental consequences of LULC and climate shifts. This dissertation assessed the impacts of land use, management, and climate change on water resources in the Missouri River Basin (MRB) through four specific studies that included: (i) to study the responses of leached nutrient concentrations and soil health to winter rye cover crop (CC) under no-till corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation, (ii) to …
Effect Of Surface Roughness And External Loading On Embedment In Steel And Aluminum Bolted Joints, Nathan Stang
Effect Of Surface Roughness And External Loading On Embedment In Steel And Aluminum Bolted Joints, Nathan Stang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Embedment in bolted joints is defined as the local deformation of surfaces into one another due to uneven contact. Embedment that occurs after the tightening of a bolted joint can cause loss of preload in the joint potentially leading to failure. VDI 2230, a German standard for bolted joint design, is currently the main source for engineers regarding embedment. It related expected embedment to the surface roughness in steel bolted joints. This research expands on the VDI standard by performing tests on a commonly used aluminum alloy and a steel alloy. Both cold rolled 1045 steel and 6061- T6511 aluminum …
Hyperspectral Empirical Absolute Calibration Model Using Libya 4 Pseudo-Invariant Calibration Site, Manisha Das Chaity
Hyperspectral Empirical Absolute Calibration Model Using Libya 4 Pseudo-Invariant Calibration Site, Manisha Das Chaity
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The objective of this paper is to find an empirical hyperspectral absolute calibration model using Libya 4 pseudo-invariant calibration site (PICS). The approach involves using the Landsat 8 (L8) Operational Land Imager (OLI) as the reference radiometer and using Earth Observing One (EO-1) Hyperion, with a spectral resolution of 10 nm as a hyperspectral source. This model utilizes data from a region of interest (ROI) in an “optimal region” of 3% temporal, spatial, and spectral stability within the Libya 4 PICS. It uses an improved, simple, empirical, hyperspectral Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution function (BRDF) model accounting for four angles: solar zenith …
Human Activity Recognition Based On Wearable Flex Sensor And Pulse Sensor, Xiaozhu Jin
Human Activity Recognition Based On Wearable Flex Sensor And Pulse Sensor, Xiaozhu Jin
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In order to fulfill the needs of everyday monitoring for healthcare and emergency advice, many HAR systems have been designed [1]. Based on the healthcare purpose, these systems can be implanted into an astronaut’s spacesuit to provide necessary life movement monitoring and healthcare suggestions. Most of these systems use acceleration data-based data record as human activity representation [2,3]. But this data attribute approach has a limitation that makes it impossible to be used as an activity monitoring system for astronavigation. Because an accelerometer senses acceleration by distinguishing acceleration data based on the earth’s gravity offset [4], the accelerometer cannot read …
Extended Pseudo Invariant Calibration Site-Based Trend-To-Trend Cross-Calibration Of Optical Satellite Sensors, Prathana Khakurel
Extended Pseudo Invariant Calibration Site-Based Trend-To-Trend Cross-Calibration Of Optical Satellite Sensors, Prathana Khakurel
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Satellite sensors have been extremely useful and are in massive demand in the understanding of the Earth’s surface and monitoring of changes. For quantitative analysis and acquiring consistent measurements, absolute radiometric calibration is necessary. The most common vicarious approach of radiometric calibration is cross-calibration, which helps to tie all the sensors to a common radiometric scale for consistent measurement. One of the traditional methods of cross-calibration is performed using temporally and spectrally stable pseudo-invariant calibration sites (PICS). This technique is limited by adequate cloud-free acquisitions for cross-calibration which would require a longer time to study the differences in sensor measurements. …
Development Of Efficient Wide-Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells With Composition And Interface Engineering, Khan Mamun Reza
Development Of Efficient Wide-Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells With Composition And Interface Engineering, Khan Mamun Reza
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Metal halide perovskites are considered the most promising solar energy technology because of their distinct properties, such as defect tolerance, low cost, easy fabrication due to solution-processibility, band tunability, etc. Due to these properties, the efficiency of perovskite solar cells reaches more than 25% and approaches the limit of singlejunction within last few years. To increase the efficiency further in a more cost-effective way, double junction tandem solar cells with an efficient ‘top’ wide-bandgap cell is desired. But wide-bandgap perovskites still face some critical issues, such as poor morphology, smaller grain size, the formation of excessive lead halides, light-induced halide …
Material Analysis Of 3d Welded 5356 Aluminum Alloy, Ryan Fouts
Material Analysis Of 3d Welded 5356 Aluminum Alloy, Ryan Fouts
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Metal 3D printing has been reserved for aerospace and high-end automotive industries because of its cost. A gas metal arc welder (GMAW) on a rugged 3D printer frame could make metal additive manufacturing an option for more industries and consumers. 3D welded aluminum has not been examined in depth as an option for additive manufacturing (AM). Extensive tests are necessary to determine the correct settings to use a metal inert gas (MIG) welder for AM. Porosity within the welded material must be evaluated to better understand the additive process. The material properties of 3D welded aluminum will be tested and …
A Study Of Geographic Information System-Based Watershed Processing For Hydrologic Analysis Of Ungauged Watersheds, Philip Adanbe Adalikwu
A Study Of Geographic Information System-Based Watershed Processing For Hydrologic Analysis Of Ungauged Watersheds, Philip Adanbe Adalikwu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The increasing application of geographic information system (GIS) technology in watershed modeling makes is necessary to further evaluate its impacts on runoff characteristics as a basis for improved hydrologic analysis in ungauged watersheds. Experts in the field of water resources and hydrology have recommended the practice of subdivision when modeling a watershed, and the use of observed data from hydrologically similar watershed to calibrate and validate an ungauged watershed’s model. However, previous studies have failed to adequately address the issues of watershed heterogeneity, spatial and temporal variability in physical parameters, GIS data resolution issues, including artifacts in automated extraction of …
A Hydrologic Climate Study For An Arid Region, Ali Alsubeai
A Hydrologic Climate Study For An Arid Region, Ali Alsubeai
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Water is the most precious natural resource in arid regions due to the limitation of water resources, expanding population, and increasing volumes of industrial and domestic waste. The purpose of this research was to evaluate methods to estimate water quantity in an arid region. The research consisted of three separate studies. In the first study, hydrologic models used to estimate water quantity were evaluated for suitability of use in arid regions. Most hydrologic models that have been used in arid regions were originally developed for humid regions. Rainfall events in arid regions can be characterized as short-term, high intense rainstorms …
Additive And Interface Engineering Of Lead-Tin Mixed Low-Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells For Higher Efficiency And Improved Stability, Nabin Ghimire
Additive And Interface Engineering Of Lead-Tin Mixed Low-Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells For Higher Efficiency And Improved Stability, Nabin Ghimire
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Lead (Pb) -Tin (Sn) mixed perovskites suffer from large open-circuit voltage (VOC) loss due to the rapid crystallization of perovskite film, creating Sn and Pb vacancies. Such vacancies act as defect sites expediting charge carrier recombination, thus hampering the charge carrier dynamics and optoelectronic properties of perovskite films. In the first project, we focused on the passivation of perovskite surface defects to increase the opencircuit voltage of the 1.25 eV low-bandgap perovskite solar cells by utilizing a trace amount of Phenethylammonium iodide (PEAI) in the perovskite precursor solution as a doping agent. The incorporation of PEAI in perovskite precursors improved …
Bio-Inspired Materials For Electrochemical Sensors, Matthew Joseph Hummel
Bio-Inspired Materials For Electrochemical Sensors, Matthew Joseph Hummel
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Electrochemical biosensors are a rapidly growing research area that has greatly improved its specificity, accuracy, and precision in the detection of biomolecules in contemporary literature and industry alike. Typically, these systems exist in a three-electrode conformation with a working electrode functioning as the anode, a counter electrode functioning as the cathode, and a reference electrode allowing for the control of potential in the system. The method by which these sensors work is through the sharing of electrons via redox reactions with the target molecule and the working electrode or modifications on its surface. By exploiting the function of biomaterials that …
Evaluating And Predicting The Risk Of Algal Blooms In A Freshwater Lake Through A 4-Dimensional Approach: A Case Study On Lake Mitchell, Sumit Kumar Ghosh
Evaluating And Predicting The Risk Of Algal Blooms In A Freshwater Lake Through A 4-Dimensional Approach: A Case Study On Lake Mitchell, Sumit Kumar Ghosh
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Excessive algal growth in freshwater lakes can negatively impact ecosystems, recreation, and human health. Though algae are a natural part of freshwater ecosystems, elevated nutrient loading from anthropogenic and natural sources can lead to algal blooms. Both algae and blue-green algae (BGA) are responsible for algal blooms; however, BGA (cyanobacteria) is more dangerous. The first objective of this research was to prepare a conceptual model to understand how various environmental variables affect algae. This conceptual model was used to choose the environmental variables that help increase or decrease algae in the water environment. The second objective was to develop empirical …