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Articles 1 - 30 of 46
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
The Effects Of Carbon Fiber Misalignment On Composite Material Strength, Luke Stangler
The Effects Of Carbon Fiber Misalignment On Composite Material Strength, Luke Stangler
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) is an effective way for determining material properties. More specifically, ultrasonic waves along with visual measurements from a microscope can be used to systematically determine the elastic modulus of single ply composites that are subject to an altered manufacturing process. In this approach, the magnitude of specific ultrasonic wave velocities is applied through Chirstoffel's equations to determine the necessary five elastic constants that describe the elastic modulus of transversely isotropic composites. On the other hand, fiber misalignment measurements are taken through via digital microscopy to satisfy a statistical approach for the determination of the same elastic modulus. …
A Comparison Of Four Methods To Estimate Groundwater Recharge For Northeastern South Dakota, Badr Qablawi
A Comparison Of Four Methods To Estimate Groundwater Recharge For Northeastern South Dakota, Badr Qablawi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The rate of groundwater recharge is one of the most important elements in the analysis and management of groundwater resources. In addition, it is also the most difficult quantity to determine. This thesis, which is the result of a study made in northeastern South Dakota, presents an overview of four methods for estimating groundwater recharge, including an evaluation of the accuracy and suitability of each. These methods are the soil water balance, Chaturvedi formula, seasonal recession method (Meyboom method), and the well level data. Furthermore, this study seeks to find a selection of methods best suited based on climate classification. …
Understanding The Effect Of Extrusion Processing Parameters On Physical, Nutritional And Rheological Properties Of Soy White Flakes Based Aquafeed In A Single Screw Extruder, Sushil Kumar Singh
Understanding The Effect Of Extrusion Processing Parameters On Physical, Nutritional And Rheological Properties Of Soy White Flakes Based Aquafeed In A Single Screw Extruder, Sushil Kumar Singh
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The rapid expansion of aquaculture has increased the demand for aquafeed. As fishmeal is expensive, alternative plant based protein sources such as soybean has shown to be a good alternative for aquafeed production. The present study was done to investigate the effect of soy white flakes (SWF) as an alternative source of protein in the production of aquaculture feed through extrusion processing. Ingredient blends containing different levels of SWF along with distiller dried grains, corn flour, corn gluten meal, fish meal, vitamin and mineral mix with net protein adjusted to 32% protein were formulated. The ingredient blends were extruded in …
Mechanical Property Characterization Of Polymeric Composites Reinforced By Continuous Microfibers, Ali Zubayar
Mechanical Property Characterization Of Polymeric Composites Reinforced By Continuous Microfibers, Ali Zubayar
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Innumerable experimental works have been conducted to study the effect of polymerization on the potential properties of the composites. Experimental techniques are employed to understand the effects of various fibers, their volume fractions and matrix properties in polymer composites. However, these experiments require fabrication of various composites which are time consuming and cost prohibitive. Advances in computational micromechanics allow us to study the various polymer based composites by using finite element simulations. The mechanical properties of continuous fiber composite strands are directional. In traditional continuous fiber laminated composites, all fibers lie in the same plane. This provides very desirable increases …
Behavior Of Light In A Photobioreactor And Design Of Light Guides, Anand Rajendran
Behavior Of Light In A Photobioreactor And Design Of Light Guides, Anand Rajendran
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purposes of the thesis is to explain the microalgae cultivation in a photobioreactor system; demonstrate the light activity in a flat-plate photobioreactor; and design the light channeling system. Generally, microalgae are cultivated in open ponds and in closed photobioreactor systems. In open ponds, the productivity of microalgal biomass is very low, due to lack and improper use of carbon and energy sources. In photobioreactor systems, all required inputs can be supplied effectively to the microalgae which in turn increases the biomass productivity. However, these systems are expensive to build and to maintain in a largescale basis. In a photobioreactor, …
Effects Of Defects On The Performance Of Hierarchical Honeycomb Metamaterials Realized Through Additive Manufacturing, Kazi Moshiur Rahman
Effects Of Defects On The Performance Of Hierarchical Honeycomb Metamaterials Realized Through Additive Manufacturing, Kazi Moshiur Rahman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Cellular metamaterials are of immense interest for many current engineering applications. Tailoring the structural organization of cellular structures leads to new metamaterials with superior properties providing lightweight and very strong/stiff structures. The incorporation of hierarchy to regular cellular structures enhances the properties and introduces novel tailorable metamaterials. For many complex cellular metamaterials, the only realistic manufacturing process is additive manufacturing (AM). The use of AM to manufacture large structures may lead to several types of defects during the manufacturing process, such as imperfect cell walls, irregular thickness, flawed joints, partially missing layers, and irregular elastic plastic behavior due to toolpath. …
Impacts Of Land Use And Climate Changes On Hydrological Processes In South Dakota Watersheds, Manashi Paul
Impacts Of Land Use And Climate Changes On Hydrological Processes In South Dakota Watersheds, Manashi Paul
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study aims to evaluate the impacts of climate and land use change on the hydrology of South Dakota’s watersheds using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The study analyzed the hydrologic impacts of climate and land use changes in two ways. The first aspect consists of characterizing hydrological changes between two recent decades in three representative watersheds – Bad River watershed, Skunk Creek watershed and Upper Big Sioux River watershed. Two historical land use maps (NLCD 1992 and 2011) were used to represent land use change on these watersheds, and two historical climate datasets (1981-1990 and 2005-2014) were …
Nanoscale Study Of Perovskite Solar Cells For Efficient Charge Transport, Nirmal Adhikari
Nanoscale Study Of Perovskite Solar Cells For Efficient Charge Transport, Nirmal Adhikari
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The effect of temperature, humidity and water on the grain boundary potential and charge transport within the grains of pervoskite films prepared by sequential deposition technique. Grain boundary potential of perovskite films exhibited variation in electrical properties with humidity level, temperature and water concentration in methyl ammonium iodide solution. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicates the formation of PbI2 phase in perovskite film with increasing temperature, humidity and adding larger quantity of water in methyl ammonium iodide solution. It is found that optimum amount of lead iodide helps for the passivation of perovskite film. Spatial mapping of surface potential in the …
The Effects Of Diffuser Exit Velocity And Distance Between Supply And Return Apertures On The Efficiency Of An Air Distribution System In An Office Space, Khaled Abdel Razzaq Saadeddin
The Effects Of Diffuser Exit Velocity And Distance Between Supply And Return Apertures On The Efficiency Of An Air Distribution System In An Office Space, Khaled Abdel Razzaq Saadeddin
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The distance between supply air diffusers and return air grilles is an important design parameter that has not been properly investigated. Sometimes, design and installation constraints force the engineer or the contractor to place the return duct close to the supply duct which can have a huge impact on the overall efficiency of air distribution in the zone. When the return grille is too close to the supply diffuser, air by-passes the room and flows directly back into the return duct. By-passing of the air in a zone of a building will prevent the heat transfer and the circulation that …
Fiber Orientation Prediction And Strength Evaluation Of Composite Spur Gears Reinforced By Discontinuous Fiber, Nawrin Jahan
Fiber Orientation Prediction And Strength Evaluation Of Composite Spur Gears Reinforced By Discontinuous Fiber, Nawrin Jahan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Composite materials have been extensively used for their important role in attenuation of components design, low specific weight, high mechanical performance, and excellent corrosion resistance offer significant advantages over metallic materials. These superlative properties can be attained by tailoring different material in an appropriate combination of the reinforcing phase (carbon fiber, alumina, etc.) and matrix phase (polymer, ceramic, metals, etc.). Carbon fiber reinforced composites are mostly used on intricate stress sensitive structures like wings of aero plane or gear. Amount of fiber, fiber type, and size of the fiber and the orientation of reinforcing fibers directly influence the mechanical properties …
Plasma Treatment Of Zinc Oxide Thin Film And Temperature Sensing Using The Zinc Oxide Thin Film, Al-Ahsan Talukder
Plasma Treatment Of Zinc Oxide Thin Film And Temperature Sensing Using The Zinc Oxide Thin Film, Al-Ahsan Talukder
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Zinc oxide is a direct and wide bandgap, II-VI semiconductor. It has large exciton binding energy, large piezoelectric constant, strong luminescence, and high thermal conductivity. These properties make zinc oxide as a suitable material for various optoelectronic applications. Vacuum based processes of fabrication of zinc oxide thin film dominate the market for their better electrical and optical properties. In this work, zinc oxide thin films were prepared by easy and low cost solution method with oriented crystal growth along (002) plane. To improve electrical and optical property of the fabricated zinc oxide thin films, films were treated with oxygen, hydrogen, …
Foundation Design Of Low Volume Roads: Evaluation And Performance, Alyssa Clemen
Foundation Design Of Low Volume Roads: Evaluation And Performance, Alyssa Clemen
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A majority of roads in the state of SD are low volume roads (LVRs). The SDDOT has developed simplified methods for LVR pavement thickness selection. These guides allow users to obtain recommended asphalt surfacing and base course layer thickness based on the subgrade support and the average daily traffic (ADT) of the road. The main objective of this study is to relate the surface condition of LVRs to their ADT, layer thicknesses, foundation material properties, and maintenance. A secondary objective was to evaluate if the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) is an acceptable tool in determining the subgrade support by using …
Feasibility Study Of Energy Storage Technologies For Remote Microgrid’S Energy Management System, Md Habib Ullah
Feasibility Study Of Energy Storage Technologies For Remote Microgrid’S Energy Management System, Md Habib Ullah
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Energy storage systems (ESSs) play a significant role in remote microgrids energy management system (EMS) with the large penetration rate of renewable energy which is intermittent in nature. Energy storage improves system reliability and efficiency in remote microgrids by optimizing the power demand and generation to reduce operational costs. Moreover, it increases the dispatch ability of the energy sources in remote microgrid systems. Lead acid battery (PbA) can be used as an energy storage device in remote microgrids due to its low cost; however, the response rate, short life cycle, and depth of discharge (DoD) lead to high operational costs. …
Efficiency And Reliability Analysis Of Ac And 380v Dc Data Centers, Bijen Raj Shrestha
Efficiency And Reliability Analysis Of Ac And 380v Dc Data Centers, Bijen Raj Shrestha
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The rapid growth of the Internet has resulted in colossal increase in the number of data centers. A data center consume a tremendous amount of electricity resulting in high operation cost. Even a slight improvement in the power distribution system of a data center could save millions of dollars in electricity bills. Benchmarks for both AC and 380V DC data centers are developed and efficiency analyses thereof have been performed for an entire year. The efficiency of the power distribution system can be increased if number of power conversion stages can be reduced and more efficient converters are used. Use …
Cascading Failures And Contingency Analysis For Smart Grid Security, Shiva Poudel
Cascading Failures And Contingency Analysis For Smart Grid Security, Shiva Poudel
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The modern electric power grid has become highly integrated in order to increase the reliability of power transmission from the generating units to end consumers. In addition, today’s power system are facing a rising appeal for the upgrade to a highly intelligent generation of electricity networks commonly known as Smart Grid. However, the growing integration of power system with communication network also brings increasing challenges to the security of modern power grid from both physical and cyber space. Malicious attackers can take advantage of the increased access to the monitoring and control of the system and exploit some of the …
Economic Analysis Of A Data Center Virtual Power Plant Participating In Demand Response, Labi Bajracharya
Economic Analysis Of A Data Center Virtual Power Plant Participating In Demand Response, Labi Bajracharya
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Data centers consume a significant amount of energy from the grid, and the number of data centers are increasing at a high rate. As the amount of demand on the transmission system increases, network congestion reduces the economic efficiency of the grid and begins to risk failure. Data centers have underutilized energy resources, such as backup generators and battery storage, which can be used for demand response (DR) to benefit both the electric power system and the data center. Therefore, data center energy resources, including renewable energy, are aggregated and controlled using an energy management system (EMS) to operate as …
Implementation Of Solar Irradiance Forecasting Using Markov Switching Model And Energy Management System, Ayush Shakya
Implementation Of Solar Irradiance Forecasting Using Markov Switching Model And Energy Management System, Ayush Shakya
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Photovoltaic (PV) systems integration is increasingly being used to reduce fuel consumption in diesel-based remote microgrids. However, uncertainty and low correlation of PV power availability with load reduce the benefits of PV integration. These challenges can be handled by introducing reserve, which however leads to increased operational cost. Solar irradiance forecasting helps to reduce reserve requirement, thereby improving the utilization of PV energy. In this thesis, a new solar irradiance forecasting method for remote microgrids based on the Markov Switching Model (MSM) is presented. This method uses locally available data to predict one-day-ahead solar irradiance for scheduling energy resources in …
Characterization Of Mechanical Properties Of Gamma Irradiated Additively Manufactured Articles For In-Space Manufacturing, Behzad Rankouhi
Characterization Of Mechanical Properties Of Gamma Irradiated Additively Manufactured Articles For In-Space Manufacturing, Behzad Rankouhi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Recently, additive manufacturing (AM) has opened many doors to engineers across various industries, such as medical, bio-engineering, automotive and recently, aerospace. In an effort to contribute to the development of AM in aerospace industry, a series of experiments were designed to help understand the behavior of 3D printed parts and extend its capabilities and possible uses. The first chapter of this project will focus on understanding the mechanical behavior of additively manufactured articles. In this chapter, a comprehensive effort was undertaken to represent the strength of a 3D printed object as a function of layer thickness by investigating the correlation …
The Impact Of Different Battery Technologies For Remote Microgrids, Ali Barjs Allruwaili
The Impact Of Different Battery Technologies For Remote Microgrids, Ali Barjs Allruwaili
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Energy storage systems are considered an effective solution for remote microgrids. They allow to increase the overall system reliability, performance, and reduce operational cost by increasing the energy utilization of renewable energy resources (PV and wind energy). A battery can reduce the system's operational cost by matching a diesel generator with the load demand. There are many types of batteries which can be used in remote microgrids, such as Lead-acid, Lithium-ion, Zinc-bromine and Aqueous Hybrid Ion. By selecting a battery which provides low operational cost and longer battery life is complex, relying on many key technical features which affect the …
Frequency Control Of Wind And Pv Based Isolated Microgrid, Lekhnath Kafle
Frequency Control Of Wind And Pv Based Isolated Microgrid, Lekhnath Kafle
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The wind and solar PV based isolated microgrid can be economical and reliable for the remote area where the grid is not available. The frequency and voltage fluctuation are major problems in such remote microgrid due to intermittent nature of renewable resources like wind and solar PV. The frequency fluctuation should remain within acceptable limits for stable operation of the remote microgrid. This thesis work focuses on frequency control of wind and photovoltaic (PV) based isolated micro-grid using traditional droop control technique. The battery system acts as a master unit which is responsible for setting up the common AC bus …
Fully Solution Processed Pedot:Pss And Silver Nanowire Semi-Transparent Electrodes For Thin Film Solar Cells, Bjorn Vaagensmith
Fully Solution Processed Pedot:Pss And Silver Nanowire Semi-Transparent Electrodes For Thin Film Solar Cells, Bjorn Vaagensmith
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), such as semitransparent organic solar cells (OSC) for power generating windows, is a promising method for implementing renewable energy under the looming threat of depleting fossil fuels. OSC require a solution processed transparent electrode to be cost effective; but typically employ a nonsolution processed indium tin oxide (ITO) transparent electrode. PEDOT:PSS and silver nanowire transparent electrodes have emerged as a promising alternative to ITO and are solution processed compatible. However, PEDOT:PSS requires a strong acid treatment, which is incompatible with high throughput solution processed fabrication techniques. Silver nanowires suffer from a short lifetime when subject to …
Precast Full-Depth Deck Panels Supported On Inverted Bulb-Tee Bridge Girders, Michael James Mingo
Precast Full-Depth Deck Panels Supported On Inverted Bulb-Tee Bridge Girders, Michael James Mingo
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The South Dakota Department of Transportation (SDDOT) currently uses precast double-tee bridge deck systems for many of its county bridges because they are economical and fast in construction. Current bridges are designed for a service life of 75 years. However, many double-tee girder bridges are deteriorating and some need total replacement after 40 years in service. Furthermore, the double-tee bridge system only has one supplier in South Dakota. Alternative durable precast or prefabricated bridge systems are needed to provide more options to local governments when designing a new bridge. Different alternatives will also give local governments more flexibility to select …
Urea Pre-Treatment Of N2-Annealed Transition Metal Oxides For Low Cost And Efficient Counter Electrodes In Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell, Hytham Elbohy
Urea Pre-Treatment Of N2-Annealed Transition Metal Oxides For Low Cost And Efficient Counter Electrodes In Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell, Hytham Elbohy
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Photovoltaic cells have shown great promise as an alternative to fossil fuel-based energy sources. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have shown potential as low-cost replacement to silicon solar cells owing to their reduced material costs and simple fabrication techniques. Platinum (Pt) was used as a catalyst in the counter electrode for DSSCs. Metal oxides have been used as an alternative material to Pt. The introduction of oxygen vacancies inside metal oxides helps to facilitate electron transport to the electrolyte to enhance the reduction process of triiodide ions. Annealing n-type metal oxides under a reducing agent gas such as hydrogen (H2) at …
Lead Free Ch3nh3sni3 Perovskite Thin-Film With P-Type Semiconducting Nature And Metal-Like Conductivity, Anastasiia Iefanova
Lead Free Ch3nh3sni3 Perovskite Thin-Film With P-Type Semiconducting Nature And Metal-Like Conductivity, Anastasiia Iefanova
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
CH3NH3SnI3 and CH3NH3PbI3 have become very promising light absorbing materials for photovoltaic devices over the last several years. CH3NH3PbI3 based perovskite solar cells have reached a solar-to-electricity conversion efficiency of ~ 22%. Nevertheless, CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells contain lead, which has serious consequences for the environment and human health. In this work, the lead was replaced with less toxic tin. Lead free CH3NH3SnI3 perovskite thin film was prepared by two low temperature solution processing methods and characterized using various tools such as Xray Diffraction (XRD) and absorption spectroscopy (UV-VIS). The distinctive p-type semiconducting nature and metal like conductivity of CH3NH3SnI3 …
Reuse Of Aqueous Waste Streams For Transportation-Related Applications, Gregory L. Hansen
Reuse Of Aqueous Waste Streams For Transportation-Related Applications, Gregory L. Hansen
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Aqueous waste streams produced from commercial, industrial, and municipal processes may be potentially reused for transportation applications. The objectives of this project were to identify potential transportation-related applications for aqueous waste streams available in South Dakota, develop guidance for the beneficial reuse of aqueous waste streams, and evaluate the reuse of MIEX® brine generated by the Watertown Municipal Water Treatment Plant (WMWTP). This study identified many aqueous wastes from municipal water and wastewater treatment facilities, industrial and agricultural processes in South Dakota that can be potentially used for ice and dust control. Beneficial reuse of these waste streams requires a …
Reflectance-Based Calibration And Validation Of The Landsat Satellite Archive, Sandeep Kumar Chittimalli
Reflectance-Based Calibration And Validation Of The Landsat Satellite Archive, Sandeep Kumar Chittimalli
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The primary objective of this project was to consistently calibrate the entire Landsat series to a common reflectance scale by performing cross-calibration corrections from Landsat-8 OLI to Landsat- 1 MSS. A consistent radiance-based calibration was already performed from Landsat-8 OLI through Landsat-1 MSS using bright targets and dark targets. The MSS radiance-based calibration results showed an uncertainty of about ±5%. Typically to convert from radiance to reflectance a solar model is used. Unfortunately, there are numerous solar models, all with various levels of accuracies. It was also seen that there is a data format inconsistency for different types of MSS …
Sickle Blood Cell Detection Based On Image Segmentation, Kholoud Alotaibi
Sickle Blood Cell Detection Based On Image Segmentation, Kholoud Alotaibi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Red blood cells have a vital role in human health. Red blood cells have a circular shape and a concave surface and exchange the gasses between the inside and outside of the body. However, at times, these normally round cells become sickle shaped, which is an indication of sickle cell disease. This paper introduces a unique approach to detect sickle blood cells in blood samples using image segmentation and shape detection. This method is based on calculating the max axis and min axis of the cell. The form factor is computed using these properties to determine whether the cell is …
Virtual Inertia Emulation To Improve Dynamic Frequency Stability Of Low Inertia Microgrids, Dipesh Shrestha
Virtual Inertia Emulation To Improve Dynamic Frequency Stability Of Low Inertia Microgrids, Dipesh Shrestha
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Due to low inertia and the intermittent nature of photovoltaic systems, dynamic frequency stability issues arise in microgrids with large photovoltaic systems. This limits the maximum amount of photovoltaic systems that can be penetrated in the microgrid. In order to increase the penetration of photovoltaic systems, the dynamic frequency controller, that is faster than the primary frequency controller (governor control) needs to be added in the microgrid system. For dynamic frequency control, inertial response can be provided from the energy storage system (such as battery, ultra-capacitor, photovoltaic system, etc.), which is termed as virtual inertia. A virtual inertia can be …
Product Authentication Using Hash Chains And Printed Qr Codes, Harshith R. Keni
Product Authentication Using Hash Chains And Printed Qr Codes, Harshith R. Keni
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This thesis explores the usage of simple printed tags for authenticating products. Printed tags are a cheap alternative to RFID and other tag based systems and do not require specialized equipment. Due to the simplistic nature of such printed codes, many security issues like tag impersonation, server impersonation, reader impersonation, replay attacks and denial of service present in RFID based solutions need to be handled differently. An algorithm that utilizes hash chains to secure such simple tags while still keeping cost low is discussed. The security characteristics of this scheme as well as other product authentication schemes that use RFID …
Data Center Load Forecast Using Dependent Mixture Model, Md Riaz Ahmed Khan
Data Center Load Forecast Using Dependent Mixture Model, Md Riaz Ahmed Khan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The dependency on cloud computing is increasing day by day. With the boom of data centers, the cost is also increasing, which forces industries to come up with techniques and methodologies to reduce the data center energy use. Load forecasting plays a vital role in both efficient scheduling and operating a data center as a virtual power plant. In this thesis work a stochastic method, based on dependent mixtures is developed to model the data center load and is used for day-ahead forecast. The method is validated using three data sets from National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and one other …