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Articles 1 - 30 of 481
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Fundamentals Of Vehicle Modeling For Mobility And Maneuver, Jordan Whitson
Fundamentals Of Vehicle Modeling For Mobility And Maneuver, Jordan Whitson
All ETDs from UAB
The direction of research for off-road ground vehicles is an ever-growing interdisciplinary field. The strategies and modeling methods range from simple terramechanics mathematical models to complex terramechanics that involve the use of high-performance computing (HPC) systems with varying vehicle metric and performance analysis and information extraction. Current advanced methods based on terrain properties and dynamic models utilize conventional performance metrics that have been supported through decades of research. As automated driving systems (ADS) and unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) research and development progress, more complexities are unraveled and present the need for novel directions of research. Whereas on-road vehicles have the …
Comparative Enzymatic Analysis Of Different Isoforms Of Group A Streptococcal Bacteriophage H4489a Hyaluronidase, Urvi Prakash Rawal
Comparative Enzymatic Analysis Of Different Isoforms Of Group A Streptococcal Bacteriophage H4489a Hyaluronidase, Urvi Prakash Rawal
All ETDs from UAB
The Hyaluronate Lyase derived from Group A streptococcal bacteriophage H4489A gene (HylP) is known for cleaving the glycosidic bonds of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HMWHA), a substance often overexpressed in certain types of cancer cells. This enzymatic action produces HA oligosaccharides. Previous research, conducted by our team, has demonstrated that these oligosaccharides play a significant role in reducing the invasion, migration, and proliferation of breast cancer cells. This effect occurs through the disruption of Erk1/2 activation and RhoA expression. This bacteriophage hyaluronate lyase (HylP), a 40kDa protein, possesses a unique collagen-like sequence, consisting of 30 amino acids in a …
Mechanical Behaviors Of Additively Manufactured Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites, Yu-Chao Shih
Mechanical Behaviors Of Additively Manufactured Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites, Yu-Chao Shih
All ETDs from UAB
Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies are advantageous in small-batch manufacturing and prototyping functional parts, due to their cost-effectiveness and customizability. Using fiber-reinforced plastic composites (FRP) in extrusion-based AM can significantly improve the mechanical properties compared to neat thermoplastic. However, the two-fold anisotropy introduced by the multiple constituent materials and the layer-by-layer mesostructure can introduce undesired structural weaknesses. Investigating the mechanical behavior and failure mechanism is the key to understanding the synergistic effect of the constituents in FRP and assessing the structural integrity of AM-made FRP. This research work aims to experimentally, analytically, and numerically assess the mechanical behaviors of AM composite …
Electromechanical Mapping Of The In Vivo Porcine Heart And Stomach, Haley Nesmith Patton
Electromechanical Mapping Of The In Vivo Porcine Heart And Stomach, Haley Nesmith Patton
All ETDs from UAB
Electrical excitation and mechanical function are integral to the physiologic activity of both the heart and stomach. Electrical depolarization through the myocardium triggers contraction in the heart. When normal sequences of electrical activity are disturbed, the heart’s mechanical function may also be disturbed, affecting its ability to pump blood effectively, sometimes fatally. Similarly, electrical waves called slow waves initiate gastric peristalsis. Abnormalities in slow wave propagation patterns can disturb the stomach’s ability to mechanically process gastric contents, sometimes resulting in delayed gastric emptying, nausea, and vomiting. The relationship between mechanical function and electrophysiology is not unidirectional, though. Mechanical stimuli can …
The Efficiency Impact Of Gershgorin Circle Theorem For Feature Extraction In Computer Vision And Biomedical Signal Analysis, Sahaj Anilbhai Patel
The Efficiency Impact Of Gershgorin Circle Theorem For Feature Extraction In Computer Vision And Biomedical Signal Analysis, Sahaj Anilbhai Patel
All ETDs from UAB
In graph theory, a fundamental problem arises when signals or images are transformed into graphs where they are subsequently represented in the form of matrices, typically as Adjacency or Laplacian matrices. As the number of the samples increases, the dimensionality of these matrices also increases, leading to the "curse of dimensionality." This increase in dimensionality poses significant computational challenges, particularly in biomedical signal analysis or computer vision applications, where the computational efficiency of large-scale data is crucial. Traditional methods of feature extraction and then clustering become computationally intensive and less effective in handling of high-dimensional data, underscoring the need for …
3d Microtissue Model Of The Aged Ovarian Tumor Microenvironment, Peyton Clark
3d Microtissue Model Of The Aged Ovarian Tumor Microenvironment, Peyton Clark
All ETDs from UAB
Ovarian cancer is the 5th leading cause of cancer deaths for women, primarily due to treatment resistant and/or recurrent disease. Most cases of ovarian cancer are not diagnosed until distant metastases have formed, which drastically reduces overall survival. The median age at diagnosis is 63 and most cases occur in patients who are peri- and post-menopausal. There is a critical gap between the clinical presentation of ovarian cancer and the preclinical models used to study the disease. Most preclinical in vivo investigations use mice who are between 6 and 12 weeks old, which corresponds to roughly a 20-year-old human. Therefore, …
Development And Evaluation Of A Nanomatrix Coated Stent Using A Vascular Sheet With Atherosclerosis Model, Xixi Zhang
Development And Evaluation Of A Nanomatrix Coated Stent Using A Vascular Sheet With Atherosclerosis Model, Xixi Zhang
All ETDs from UAB
While cardiovascular stent technology has considerable advances, there are hurdles to overcome due to the dysfunctional stented arteries which fail to maintain vascular homeostasis. Current stent designs ignored the significance of promoting functional artery healing (pro-healing). Therefore, we developed a pro-healing nanomatrix coating for stent. Previous studies investigated its effect on individual vascular cell type. In natural artery, there are multiple vascular cell types that strongly affect stent performance. Thus, an in vitro vascular double-layer (VDL) system was used to observe stent effects on different vascular cell types. And the pro-healing ability and mechanism of the nanomatrix coated stent were …
A Simulation Framework For Identity And Access Management Based On Internet Of Things Architecture, Vahid Moghaddasi
A Simulation Framework For Identity And Access Management Based On Internet Of Things Architecture, Vahid Moghaddasi
All ETDs from UAB
The swift progression of the Internet of Things (IoT) architecture has revolutionized various industrial processes, including enterprise Identity and Access Management (IAM). This dissertation develops a dynamic process framework for Identity and Access Management based on the Internet of Things architecture. System analysis with Digital Twin simulation explores the integration of IoT devices to enhance IAM in enterprises. Digital Twin is a virtual service that enabled us the creation of a comprehensive digital IAM environment to explore alternative designs. This dissertation begins by providing an overview of IoT architecture and its impact on enterprise IAM. It discusses the challenges enterprises …
A Cold Plasma-Enabled Reduction Process For The Fabrication Of Metallic Nanostructures Onto Polymeric Biomaterials, Gerardo Hernandez-Moreno
A Cold Plasma-Enabled Reduction Process For The Fabrication Of Metallic Nanostructures Onto Polymeric Biomaterials, Gerardo Hernandez-Moreno
All ETDs from UAB
The design and manufacture of novel materials has served as the bedrock for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. There exists a need for more biocompatible implantable materials in the biomedical device space. The approach to developing biomaterials fit for biomedical devices has been focused on decreasing overall physiological interaction with the local environment. However, the development of more biomechanically favorable materials has placed an emphasis on designing materials that display biomimetic and biomechanical properties resembling that of the host tissue at the implant site. As biomaterials engineering has progressed, the race to find materials that interact at the nano- and …
Mechanisms Linking The Circadian Clock To Cardiac Physiology, Lamario J. Williams
Mechanisms Linking The Circadian Clock To Cardiac Physiology, Lamario J. Williams
All ETDs from UAB
Rationale: Cardiovascular disease continues to be the leading cause of death in America. Many aspects of both cardiovascular physiology (e.g., blood pressure, heart rate) and pathophysiology (e.g., myocardial infarctions, sudden cardiac death) exhibit time-of-day dependent fluctuations (termed diurnal variations). Circadian clocks consist of transcriptional feedback cascades directly modulating expression of genes involved in processes such as metabolism, signaling, and ion transport. Interestingly, genetic deletion of a core circadian clock component in the heart (cardiomyocyte-specific Bmal1 knockout mice) leads to chronic induction of the transcriptional repressor E4 Promoter-Binding Protein 4 (E4BP4) associated with early-onset dilated cardiomyopathy, metabolic inflexibility, and electrophysiologic disturbances. …
Inkjet-Printed Reseroir Computing Network For In Situ Sensor Predictions, Steven D. Gardner
Inkjet-Printed Reseroir Computing Network For In Situ Sensor Predictions, Steven D. Gardner
All ETDs from UAB
The technological achievements made with silicon-based transistors have led to nearly all the computing seen today, complete with benefits such as maximized operating speeds, parallel/tensor processing, minimized power overhead, etc. The silicon electronics industry is foundational to scientific progression with its profound impact on modeling, simulations, and fast/reliable computing. However, silicon-based transistors have evolved to meet their physical limitations and have saturated fields of innovation. New fields in computing outside of silicon-based methods have emerged as exotic materials enter the research domain. The suite of super-performing materials like Graphene, Carbon Nanotubes, and Molybdenum Disulfide have chaotic, non-linear behaviors that make …
Study Of The Processing-Structure-Property Relationship In Recycled Thermoplastic Composites, Carlos Gerardo Angulo Ruiz
Study Of The Processing-Structure-Property Relationship In Recycled Thermoplastic Composites, Carlos Gerardo Angulo Ruiz
All ETDs from UAB
The quest for sustainable materials and manufacturing techniques has spurred research into distinct composite materials that utilizes recycled thermoplastics in combination with natural hemp fibers and recycled carbon fibers. This dissertation delves into the processing of recycled high-density polyethylene (rHDPE) with hemp fiber and separately, with recycled carbon fiber (rCF), scrutinizing their suitability as environmentally friendly and economically viable materials. The study focuses on distinct processing methods used for hemp fiber and recycled carbon fiber: compression molding with hemp mats as well as extrusion compression molding, additive manufacturing, and injection molding for recycled carbon fiber, while the recycled carbon fiber …
Conceptual Architecture For Digital Twin Implementation In A Smart City Framework, Wesley Conwell
Conceptual Architecture For Digital Twin Implementation In A Smart City Framework, Wesley Conwell
All ETDs from UAB
More than 9 billion people are expected to live on the planet in 2050, about two-thirds in cities. This substantial population growth in urban areas increases demands on cities' resources, services, and infrastructure. Hence, many cities leverage intelligent technologies to ensure urban communities' efficiency in integrating massive infrastructure components and services. Cities define this reconstruction of their operational framework as a smart city. Effective resource consumption management in a smart city integrative structure presents a problem with solutions concerning the distribution of city services. This dissertation aims to establish a conceptual framework to effectively manage resource consumption in a smart …
New Heat Exchanger Modeling In The Passive Heat Removal System Of Vver-1200 Nuclear Power Plants, Bugrahan Mangan
New Heat Exchanger Modeling In The Passive Heat Removal System Of Vver-1200 Nuclear Power Plants, Bugrahan Mangan
All ETDs from UAB
The current work introduces an innovative methodology for modeling heat exchangers inside the passive heat removal system (PHRS) of water-water energetic reactor (VVER) nuclear power facilities. PHRS serves a crucial role in ensuring the secure and effective dissipation of residual heat produced during the shutdown of a reactor. Nevertheless, the current heat exchanger models exhibit deficiencies in terms of their thorough depiction of the geometric structure and thermal properties, hence limiting their precision and suitability for various applications.This study introduces a novel approach to modeling heat exchangers, with a specific emphasis on accurately representing complex geometric characteristics and including thermodynamic …
Creating Cool And Equitable Communities: A Comprehensive Study On Urban Heat Island Mitigation And Health Equity In Birmingham, Alabama, Bhuvana Sai Kumar Yandra
Creating Cool And Equitable Communities: A Comprehensive Study On Urban Heat Island Mitigation And Health Equity In Birmingham, Alabama, Bhuvana Sai Kumar Yandra
All ETDs from UAB
Abstract: Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) represent a severe hazard to people's health and quality of life, particularly in areas of cities with dense and at-risk populations. This integrative research aims to reduce the burden of UHIs caused by climate change and mitigate associated health risks and inequalities in Birmingham, Alabama. The study identifies areas most impacted by UHI effects and loss of vegetation and provides remediation strategies to combat these issues. In addition, the research expands to identify socioeconomically disadvantaged and health-vulnerable communities needing intervention to improve their quality of life. Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) trap heat, alter local climates …
Analytical Methods Using Cardiac Mri To Assess Systolic And Diastolic Ventricular Function, Muhammad Rifqi Aufan
Analytical Methods Using Cardiac Mri To Assess Systolic And Diastolic Ventricular Function, Muhammad Rifqi Aufan
All ETDs from UAB
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has proven invaluable for clinical and research investigations due to its minimal invasiveness and excellent measurement precision and reproducibility. In particular, Cardiac MRI (CMR) is a powerful tool for evaluating anatomical and functional properties of the left ventricle (LV). In this study, two aspects of CMR applications of the LV are investigated: 1) assessment of diastolic function by quantifying LV stiffness index and related properties as a representation of intrinsic myocardium properties in patients with diastolic dysfunction and 2) evaluation of systolic function by relating myocardial strain and LV geometrical configuration with ejection fraction (EF). The …
Synthesis, Characterization, And Evaluation Of A Bionanomatrix And Antibiotic-Releasing Liposomes On Osseointegration, Vascularization, Inflammation, And Antibacterial Efficacy, Benjamin Kade Estep
Synthesis, Characterization, And Evaluation Of A Bionanomatrix And Antibiotic-Releasing Liposomes On Osseointegration, Vascularization, Inflammation, And Antibacterial Efficacy, Benjamin Kade Estep
All ETDs from UAB
Percutaneous osseointegrated prostheses (POP) implants combat the multitude of issues and limitations of contemporary prosthetic sockets/limbs, including range of motion, comfort/fit, irritation, gait, and osseoproprioception. However, POP implants lack long-term clinical success; specifically, several risks exist at the bone-implant interface, including superficial/deep infections, inflammation, poor vascularization, and inadequate osseointegration, resulting in implant loosening over time and ultimately removal of the implant. The goal of this thesis is to evaluate a multifunctional, nitric oxide-releasing bionanomatrix incorporated with antibiotic-releasing liposomes on osseointegration, inflammation, vascularization/angiogenesis, and bacterial infection. We successfully synthesized the bionanomatrix, and the antibiotic-releasing liposomes readily encapsulated the antibiotics. The antibiotic-releasing …
Mechanical, Thermal, Flammability Analyses Of Composites Made Of Recycled High-Density Polyethylene And Perlite, Sergen Barcin
Mechanical, Thermal, Flammability Analyses Of Composites Made Of Recycled High-Density Polyethylene And Perlite, Sergen Barcin
All ETDs from UAB
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) is a widely used plastic for applications such as packaging for food industry and piping system in nuclear plants because of its beneficial properties, including lightweight, impact resistance, and chemical resistance. The use of HDPE can contribute to environmental problems, such as depletion of natural resources and accumulation of plastic waste in landfills and oceans. There is a growing need to find ways to recycle and reuse HDPE. While the use of recycled HDPE presents certain challenges such as relatively low thermal, mechanical properties, and flame retardancy, the addition of mineral-based additives can enhance these properties. By …
Analytical Fundamentals For Advancing Aero-Road/Terrain Multibody Morphing Dynamics And Stability Of Autonomous Utility Truck In Hazardous Environments, Parth Y. Patel
All ETDs from UAB
Severe weather conditions have steadily increased over the last two decades. Therefore, the safety of the rescue and repair team is of paramount importance while they attend to emergencies due to these severe weather conditions. Utility trucks are the first responders in these extreme climate and weather situations for cutting trees to restore traffic, recovering life beings from destroyed properties, repairing electric posts, and restoring power. Such trucks with morphing capabilities of the boom equipment can increase the possibility of road accidents in several ways and create hazardous situations on the roads and off-road conditions while moving and performing critical …
Impacts Of Transportation Network Companies On Urban Congestion In A Medium-Sized City, Furat Shakir Salman
Impacts Of Transportation Network Companies On Urban Congestion In A Medium-Sized City, Furat Shakir Salman
All ETDs from UAB
The rise of ride-hailing and on-demand transportation services offered by Transportation Network Companies (TNCs) (such as Uber and Lyft) has been one of the key factors contributing to the growth of shared mobility services in recent years. The presence of contradictory findings on the impacts of TNCs necessitates the undertaking of an investigation into the shifts in mode choice that occur in the context of TNC services and their impacts on urban congestion. As a result of difficulties in gathering TNCs field data, it is still not possible to fully assess the impact of these services on urban congestion. Moreover, …
Renal Proximal Tubule Tissue Chips For Disease Modeling And Drug Toxicity Testing, Leslie Donoghue
Renal Proximal Tubule Tissue Chips For Disease Modeling And Drug Toxicity Testing, Leslie Donoghue
All ETDs from UAB
The current pathway for drug discovery is associated with costs of $2.55 billion and between 10-15 years of development for a single drug to reach the market. The challenges in predicting drug toxicities and efficacies are attributed to inherent species differences in drug-metabolizing enzyme activities and cell-type-specific sensitivities to toxicants. Organs-on-a-chip are an emerging technology in disease modeling and screening therapeutics to address discrepancies between animal models and human clinical trials. They utilize tissue engineering, fluid mechanics, and biomaterials to replicate in vivo architectures and functions of complex organs and tissues. Herein, the effect of pressure and stretch on bioengineered …
Improved Myocardial Infarct Repair Via Cardiac Tissue Engineering And Modified Rna, Lu Wang
Improved Myocardial Infarct Repair Via Cardiac Tissue Engineering And Modified Rna, Lu Wang
All ETDs from UAB
Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death in the United States and the world. Myocardial infarction (MI) happens when there is an occlusion in the blood vessel. Cardiomyocytes (CM) die quickly after MI and are replaced by a fibrotic scar. Since adult mammalian cardiomyocytes have a limited capacity to regenerate, the damages induced by MI usually deteriorate into more severe symptoms such as heart failure. In order to achieve regeneration of the cardiomyocytes, numerous therapies have been proposed, including cellular therapy and CM cell cycle re-entry. During this dissertation study, we focused on improving myocardial infarct repair via cardiac …
Investigation Of Fish Gelatin/Polycaprolactone Nanofibrous Materials Alternating Field Electrospinning Fabrication And Characterization, Hannah A. Lacy
Investigation Of Fish Gelatin/Polycaprolactone Nanofibrous Materials Alternating Field Electrospinning Fabrication And Characterization, Hannah A. Lacy
All ETDs from UAB
As human needs and purposes continue to evolve, it has become crucial that the materials with which we address these new applications and challenges evolve in stride. Specifically, the medical field’s need for advanced materials has led to the drive for biomaterial synthesis and processing methods which produce adaptable material characteristics to satisfy application specific needs. Research response has been to expand viable natural/ synthetic biomaterial resources, design innovative nanofiber fabrication techniques with high levels of productivity, ease of access, and cost efficiency, and explore crosslinking and surface treatments/modifications to enhance material characteristics for improved performance. This research employs select …
Processing And Non-Destructive Evaluation Of Overmolded Thermoplastic Composites, Ibrahim Gundogdu
Processing And Non-Destructive Evaluation Of Overmolded Thermoplastic Composites, Ibrahim Gundogdu
All ETDs from UAB
The overmolding process is one of the newly developed composite processing methods which allow to integrate continuous and discontinuous fiber reinforced composites for weight and cost reduction for a variety of applications. Continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastics (CFRTs) exhibit excellent mechanical properties such as high impact strength and stiffness, however forming them into complex shapes is challenging and the processing cost is high. On the other hand, the processing of discontinuous fiber reinforced composites, including long fiber reinforced thermoplastics (LFTs), into complex shapes is relatively easy compared to continuous fiber composites because of their high processibility. The integration of both continuous …
Analysis Of Correlation Between Molecular Weight Distribution And Melt Flow Index Of Polyethylene And Polypropyle Blends, Ethan Stonecipher
Analysis Of Correlation Between Molecular Weight Distribution And Melt Flow Index Of Polyethylene And Polypropyle Blends, Ethan Stonecipher
All ETDs from UAB
Recycling of plastics is one of the biggest challenges facing the earth in the 21st century due to the environmental impact they have on the waste stream. One of the biggest challenges in the recycling of these materials are their incompatibility; therefore, the segregation of waste in order to repurpose them back into something useful for a second life is an important barrier to overcome. This study expands on work done in literature to correlate rheological properties of linear virgin plastics to their ��w, which is useful in deducing some mechanical behaviors of the material. The benefit being the impact …
Unveiling The Commuting Experience Of An Urban University Community, Jannatul Adan Joarder
Unveiling The Commuting Experience Of An Urban University Community, Jannatul Adan Joarder
All ETDs from UAB
Conducting a comprehensive commuter survey is a prevalent task that can help to guide traffic operations, planning, designing, and infrastructure development decision. It is one of the best approaches to comprehending commuters’ attitudes and preferences and the present commuting practices. The commuting behavior of the commuters at and around a university campus varies from that of residential or commercial areas as the university often serves a diverse community of transportation users such as students, faculty, and staff who serve the university or receive services from the university in a variety of ways. The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) is …
Breast Cancer Metastasic Potential Mediated By Cd44/Hyaluronic Acid Signaling And Strains In The Tumor Microenvironment, Adam David Kotar
Breast Cancer Metastasic Potential Mediated By Cd44/Hyaluronic Acid Signaling And Strains In The Tumor Microenvironment, Adam David Kotar
All ETDs from UAB
Mechanical stimulation has been found to be an important regulator of nearly all biological processes, from maintaining normal homeostatic conditions to promoting pathological mechanisms of multiple diseases including cancer. While our knowledge of cancer continues to grow, our current models often lack the biophysical forces that are present in the body which could explain why numerous promising therapeutic agents discovered in research fail to translate into clinical efficacy. This study aims to demonstrate that breast cancer progression is mediated by strains in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in conjunction with trans-membranous glycoprotein receptor, CD44. There are many different sources of strain …
A Value-Based Modeling Framework For Solar Energy Utilization And Monitoring, Muslat A. Alanizi
A Value-Based Modeling Framework For Solar Energy Utilization And Monitoring, Muslat A. Alanizi
All ETDs from UAB
We have developed and presented a value-based modeling (VBM) framework for optimal solar energy utilization and monitoring. Our model adopts a universal approach that prioritizes values to ensuring a comprehensive analysis of solar energy systems by recognizing the complexities and intricacies of the renewable energy landscape. To determine the robustness and applicability of our VBM framework, we subjected it to a real-world test through a detailed case study focusing on Net-Metering Monitoring System. This validation reinforced the model's efficacy and showcased its potential as a dynamic tool for decision-making in solar energy. Using Shannon's entropy method, we recorded the optimal …
Mechanotransduction Signaling On Ovarian Cancer Results In Increased Proliferation, Migration, And Chemoresistance In 2d And 3d In Vitro And In Vivo Models, Molly Buckley
All ETDs from UAB
Mechanical forces imparted on an ovarian tumor have recently been shown to have a grave impact on cancer development, progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance. The forces present include compression throughout the tumor, intrinsic and extrinsic shear stresses from ascitic fluid present in the peritoneal cavity as well as blood flow through the tumor via leaky and disorganized vessels created through tumor angiogenesis, and tension at the tumor periphery because of the constantly growing mass. Studies of the signaling pathways impacted by these mechanical forces could give great insight into new therapeu-tic targets for ovarian cancer, however, these studies have been severely …
Comparison Of [18f]Fdg With 18f-Labeled Amino Acids For Pet Imaging Of Breast Cancer, Ugur Akca
Comparison Of [18f]Fdg With 18f-Labeled Amino Acids For Pet Imaging Of Breast Cancer, Ugur Akca
All ETDs from UAB
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) are identified by their lack of estrogen re-ceptor, progesterone receptor, and overexpression of human epidermal growth factor re-ceptor 2-gene. The glucose analog, 2-deoxy-2-[18F]-fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) is the most often utilized PET tracer for imaging TNBC. The use of FDG for imaging primary and metastatic brain tumors is limited by high FDG uptake in normal brain tissue and some forms of inflammation. Also, MRI brain imaging methods have limitation in determining the differentiation between recurrent malignant and treatment effect. Radiolabeled amino acids (AAs), which have a lower uptake in normal brain and inflammation compared to FDG, can be …