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Optimization And Modeling Of Extraction Of Solid Coconut Waste Oil, Abdul Aziz Abdul Raman
Optimization And Modeling Of Extraction Of Solid Coconut Waste Oil, Abdul Aziz Abdul Raman
Abdul Aziz Abdul Raman
Solid coconut waste was produced after coconut milk extraction process and may still contain up to 24 wt.% oil content. In this work, extraction of oil from coconut waste using batch and soxhlet extractor was studied. Effect of particle size diameter, type of solvent and solvent to solid ratio on the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters; entropy, enthalpy and free energy of extraction were investigated. The maximum oil yields for soxhlet and batch reactor were 23.6% at 80 °C and 21.9% at 65 °C, respectively for particle size diameter <0.5 mm when hexane was used as solvent. The kinetic of coconut waste oil extraction was found to be a first order mass transfer model. The ΔG, ΔS and ΔH values were 10.94–13.35 kJ/mol, 33.10–39.57 J/mol K and 0.12–1.25 kJ/mol, respectively shows that the extraction process was spontaneous, irreversible and endothermic based on thermodynamic parameters.
Reactive Extraction Of Solid Coconut Waste To Produce Biodiesel, Abdul Aziz Abdul Raman
Reactive Extraction Of Solid Coconut Waste To Produce Biodiesel, Abdul Aziz Abdul Raman
Abdul Aziz Abdul Raman
Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel produced using transesterification method where edible or non edible oil and alcohol reacts in the presence of catalyst. Biodiesel is expensive than fossil fuels because of higher raw material and production costs. Solid coconut waste is an alternative raw material from waste and suitable for biodiesel production to lower the production cost. Solid coconut waste is produced after coconut milk extraction and may still contain 17–24 wt% extractable oil content. This study introduces reactive extraction of solid coconut waste for biodiesel production. Effects of catalyst amount, KOH (0.8–2.0%), temperature (55–65 °C) and mixing intensity …
Potassium Hydroxide Catalyst Supported On Palm Shell Activated Carbon For Transesterification Of Palm Oil, Abdul Aziz Abdul Raman
Potassium Hydroxide Catalyst Supported On Palm Shell Activated Carbon For Transesterification Of Palm Oil, Abdul Aziz Abdul Raman
Abdul Aziz Abdul Raman
In this study, potassium hydroxide catalyst supported on palm shell activated carbon was developed for transesterification of palm oil. The Central Composite Design (CCD) of the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to investigate the effects of reaction temperature, catalyst loading and methanol to oil molar ratio on the production of biodiesel using activated carbon supported catalyst. The highest yield was obtained at 64.1 °C reaction temperature, 30.3 wt.% catalyst loading and 24:1 methanol to oil molar ratio. The physical and chemical properties of the produced biodiesel met the standard specifications. This study proves that activated carbon supported potassium hydroxide …