Engineering Commons^™

Novel Design And Facile Synthesis Of Functional Nanostructures For Energy And Environmental Application, Zhuojun Wang

Wayne State University Theses

Environmental pollution and energy crisis are two of the major obstacles in the development of a more sustainable society. It is an interesting but technically challenging task to design novel methods for the facile and scalable synthesis of multifunctional materials for applications in both energy storage and environmental remediation. In this thesis, I tried to design and synthesize novel nanostructured materials for energy and environmental applications, achieved highly promising results. I developed a facile electrochemical approach to synthesize the zinc oxide with the zinc element for photocatalytic reactions. It demonstrated dramatically improved performances in degradation of organic pollutant in water, …

Characterization, Modeling, And Thermal Management Of High-Performance Lithium Batteries, Minjun Bae

Wayne State University Theses

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, as one of the most advanced commercial rechargeable batteries, play a crucial role in modern society as they are extensively used in portable electronic devices. Nevertheless, the limited electrochemical performance and poor thermal management systems of Li-ion batteries have hindered the expansion of their future applications. In search of alternative electrode materials to develop a battery with higher electrochemical performance, lithium (Li) metal has attracted much attention as an ideal alternative anode material due to its high specific capacity and lowest redox potential. However, needle-like Li dendritic growth causes severe safety concerns and thus prohibits practical applications …

A Field Study Of Bioaccessible Lead In Detroit Soils: Insight Into The Effectiveness Of Phosphate-Based Lead Sequestration, Sabrina R. Good

Wayne State University Theses

Historical and contemporary use of lead (Pb) in gasoline, paints, and industry have caused lead to be ubiquitous in the urban soil environment, disproportionately affecting low-income minority children. As soil is a major exposure pathway for children, an effective remediation technique for lead-contaminated soil is urgently needed. Common remediation techniques, such as excavation or soil capping, are expensive and environmentally destructive, especially on a city-wide residential basis. Decreasing the bioavailability of lead, or the fraction which is retained by the human body, may be a more economically and environmentally conscious option for remediating lead in urban environments.

Research has demonstrated …

Process Data Analytics Using Deep Learning Techniques, Majid Moradi Aliabadi

Wayne State University Theses

In chemical manufacturing plants, numerous types of data are accessible, which could be process operational data (historical or real-time), process design and product quality data, economic and environmental (including process safety, waste emission and health impact) data. Effective knowledge extraction from raw data has always been a very challenging task, especially the data needed for a type of study is huge. Other characteristics of process data such as noise, dynamics, and highly correlated process parameters make this more challenging.

In this study, we introduce an attention-based RNN for multi-step-ahead prediction that can have applications in model predictive control, fault diagnosis, …

Training Effectiveness Analysis Of Osha Silica And Excavation Safety Standards For Construction, Bedel Desruisseaux

Wayne State University Theses

ABSTRACT

TRAINING EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF

OSHA SILICA AND EXCAVATION SAFETY STANDARDS

FOR CONSTRUCTION

by

BEDEL DESRUISSEAUX

May 2019

Advisor: Dr Mumtaz Usmen

Major: Civil Engineering

Degree: Master of Science

As construction safety and health standards evolve due to changing industry practices and stakeholder expectations, and the mandates get stronger on compliance with these standards, the need for training programs become more pronounced. The proposed paper covers the training material development and program delivery and evaluation efforts associated with two OSHA standards applicable to construction; one on Respirable Crystalline Silica (29 CFR 1926.1153) and other on Excavation and Trenching (29 CFR …

Ros-Based Sensor Fusion And Motion Planning For Autonomous Vehicles: Application To Automated Parkinig System, Yuanzhe Li

Wayne State University Theses

Research and development in autonomous vehicles are currently very active since these vehicles are expected to play an important role in future transportation. During the past decade, numerous Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) features have been developed and implemented on production vehicles, such as Adaptive Cruise Control and Lane Keeping Assist. However, most ADAS features are aimed to assist driving on highways where the environments are usually more structured and decision making can be made more easily. Non-highway environments, such as in the case of self-parking, are unstructured and requires more complicated analysis of the image information, localization and path …

Celiac Disease: A Physiological Overview And Possible Future Work With Emphasis On Raman Spectroscopy, Katlyn Curtin Mehne

Wayne State University Theses

Celiac Disease is a condition whereby ingesting Gluten causes an autoimmune reaction in the intestines with adverse effects throughout the body. Although statistic analysis estimates that 1% of the general population is affected by this condition, the diagnosis and treatment research lacks in key areas of understanding. This is a summary of current research and physiological information on the impact of Celiac Disease. In the last twenty years, Raman Spectroscopy assisted in diagnosis and treatment of various other ailments. In this case, Raman Spectroscopy can be used to research immunological cells involved in Celiac Disease and further research.

Molecular Exchange Monte Carlo. A Generalized Method For Identity Exchanges In Grand Canonical Monte Carlo Simulations, Mohammad Soroush Barhaghi

Wayne State University Theses

A generalized identity exchange algorithm is presented for Monte Carlo simulations in the grand canonical ensemble. The algorithm, referred to as Molecular Exchange Monte Carlo (MEMC), may be applied to multicomponent systems of arbitrary molecular topology, and provides significant enhancements in the sampling of phase space over a wide range of compositions and temperatures. Three different approaches are presented for the insertion of large molecules, and the pros and cons of each method are discussed. The performance of the algorithms is highlighted through grand canonical Monte Carlo histogram-reweighting simulations performed on several systems, including 2,2,4-trimethylpentane+neopentane, butane+perfluorobutane, methane+n-alkanes, and water+impurity. Relative …

The Impact Of Machine Learning Algorithms On Benchmarking Process In Healthcare Service Delivery, Egbe-Etu Emmanuel Etu

Wayne State University Theses

Currently, organizations have adopted and implemented a variety of innovative quality management philosophies, approaches, and techniques to stay competitive in an ever-changing global economy. Benchmarking is one of such techniques deployed by organizations to stay competitive. The motivation for this research stems from a real-world problem being faced by hospitals in the healthcare industry who have amassed a ton of data and want to embark on benchmarking project to assess the performance of the emergency departments due to challenges faced with poor management of operations which has led to high patient boarding rates, high patient wait-times, poor quality service, low …

Uncertainty In Combustion Reaction Rates And Its Effects On Combustion Simulations, Joshua Piehl

Wayne State University Theses

This work investigates the uncertainties in reaction rates of an n-dodecane model on turbulent spray combustion simulations. Six major reactions were found to significantly impact the ignition delay of the mechanism in a 0-D batch reactor model. These reactions’ rates were independently modified and placed into individual mechanisms. These newly developed mechanisms were simulated in a 3-D turbulent spray simulation and a 0-D batch reactor at a pressure of 60 bar and temperatures from 900 to 1100 K. The combustion characteristics (e.g. ignition delays, flame lift-off length, liquid and vapor penetration) of the modified mechanisms were compared to those produced …

Stresses In The End Zones Of Precast Inverted T-Beams With Tapered Webs, Ravi Siddharth Raja

Wayne State University Theses

Short to medium span composite bridges constructed with adjacent precast inverted T-beams and cast-in-place topping are intended to provide more resiliency against reflective cracking and time dependent effects compared to voided slabs and adjacent box girder systems. This thesis investigates the stresses in the end zones of such a uniquely shaped precast element. The transfer of prestressing force creates vertical and horizontal tensile stresses in the end zones of the girder. A series of 3-D finite element analyses were performed to investigate the magnitude of these tensile stresses. Hoyer effect is captured by modelling the strands as solid elements and …

Model Advancement And Hil Setup For Testing A P2 Phev Supervisory Controller, Sajjan Balakrishnan

Wayne State University Theses

Teams participating in Advanced Vehicle Technology Competitions such as EcoCAR3 are often bound by limited time and resources. Moreover, vehicle and component downtime due to mechanical and electrical issues reduce the time available for testing activities demanded by the Controls/Systems Modeling and Simulation teams. Therefore, the teams would benefit from identifying new approaches and being more pragmatic and productive in order to achieve satisfactory progress in the competition. This thesis summarizes the approach taken to improve the simulation accuracy of the Wayne State University EcoCAR3 team’s Pre-transmission Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle plant model and HIL setup. Focus is on testing …

Integrative Pathway Analysis Pipeline For Mirna And Mrna Data, Diana Mabel Diaz Herrera

Wayne State University Theses

The identification of pathways that are involved in a particular phenotype helps us understand the underlying biological processes. Traditional pathway analysis techniques aim to infer the impact on individual pathways using only mRNA levels. However, recent studies showed that gene expression alone is unable to capture the whole picture of biological phenomena. At the same time, MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are newly discovered gene regulators that have shown to play an important role in diagnosis, and prognosis for different types of diseases. Current pathway analysis techniques do not take miRNAs into consideration. In this project, we investigate the effect of integrating miRNA …

Analysis Of Cross-Layer Optimization Of Facial Recognition In Automated Video Surveillance, Loren Garavaglia

Wayne State University Theses

Interest in automated video surveillance systems has grown dramatically and with that so too has research on the topic. Recent approaches have begun addressing the issues of scalability and cost. One method aimed to utilize cross-layer information for adjusting bandwidth allocated to each video source. Work on this topic focused on using distortion and accuracy for face detection as an adjustment metric, utilizing older, less efficient codecs. The framework was shown to increase accuracy in face detection by interpreting dynamic network conditions in order to manage application rates and transmission opportunities for video sources with the added benefit of reducing …

Engineering Of Organic Nanocrystals By Electrocrystallization, Mohamed Kilani

Wayne State University Theses

This work discusses the experimental and theoretical methods used to control the morphology of nanocrystals. The hypothesis of the thermodynamic/kinetic control of the morphology was verified. We applied the electrocrystallization to make K(def)TCP nanocrystals and we tuned the electrochemical parameters to determine their influence on the nanocrystals morphologies. The characterization was mainly performed with AFM and FE-SEM. We presented in this work the possibility to control the morphology of K(def)TCP using the electrochemical parameters. The obtained shapes ranged from nanorods to rhombohedral shape, which is reported for the first time. The observed growth behavior was modeled and simulated with a …

Reusable Medical Equipment Inventory Assessment At A Detroit Medical Center, Tannaz Khaleghi

Wayne State University Theses

In recent years an outstanding growth has been observed in utilizing various medical devices due to growing demand. When both the quantity and quality into account, the price of medical devices becomes a critical factor to maintain cost/profit balances in financial systems. As a result healthcare systems should put more emphasis on how many of the trays they buy and store as their inventory due to high costs. Adequate levels of reusable medical equipment (RME) inventory is crucial for many healthcare systems

due to the RME equipment being expensive. On the other, the RME availability for vital departments such as …

Engineering Crystallization Via Phase Field Crystal Model, Deepak Joshi

Wayne State University Theses

Charge transfer complex material demonstrate morphological transitions while electro-crystallized on a substrate electrode under varying solute concentration and applied overpotential. It is hypothesized that variations in these parameters affect the thermodynamics and the kinetics of the electro-crystallization process. Having analysed these results, we resort to applying phase field crystal(PFC) model for our theoretical study. Our initial literature review laid foundation to consider PFC model as a powerful tool to study various aspect of crystallization process. In a PFC model the thermodynamic state of a system under study is defined in terms of Helmholtz free energy functional of density profile F=F[ρ(r)].Our …

A New Centering Table For Encapsulated Glass Positioning, Chongyang Li

Wayne State University Theses

With the progress of the society, people`s living standard is increasing. More and more cars (more than 72 million) are produced and utilized all over the world. This makes a large number of quarter windows which located on the back-side window of a vehicle are urgently needed. Encapsulated glass is widely adopted for a quarter window for various advantages. Positioning by centering table is one of the most important procedures during the fabrication of encapsulated glass for the quarter window. The existing centering table has a lot of disadvantages such as poor flexibility and precision, which results in failure in …

The New Designing Of The Nano-Indentation Method To Applying On The Aisi D-2 Steel, Tangyue Wu

Wayne State University Theses

In this thesis, it is mainly to describe the new designed nano-indenataion. This kind of nano-indentation apparatus is much more inexpensive and almost has the same function to compare with the commercial one. The nano-indentation system can get the force-displacement wave, which is the way to determine the elastic and plastic properties for the particle materials. In the structure, it would describe the designing of the nano-indentation apparatus for a big partial of the thesis. This part is divided into 3 sub-part: hardware designing, software designing and data processing. The material, D2, is chosen to do the force-displacement wave, which …

Monte-Carlo-Simulation-Based, Product-Quality-Focused Analysis Of Nanocoating Curing And Post Curing Process, Jianming Zhao

Wayne State University Theses

ABSTRACT

MONTE CARLO SIMULATION BASED

PRODUCT QUALITY ANALYSIS OF

POLYMER COATING CURING AND POST CURING

By

Jianming Zhao

May 2017

Advisor：Dr. Yinlun Huang

Major: Chemical Engineering

Degree: Master of Science

To achieve better property of polymer coatings, different categories of nanoparticles are applied before coating’s curing process. However, one of the adverse effects is the change of final property, which leads the difficulty of product quality control. Using mathematical modeling method can actually improve the cost and time to get a prediction of product quality. Still now, different series of models are developed for various purposes. For example, Monte-Carlo simulation …

Development Of Hybrid Supervisory Controller And Energy Management Strategy For P2 Phev, Guilin Zhu Zhu

Wayne State University Theses

The EcoCAR3 project is a four-year competition sponsored by General Motors and the U.S. Department of Energy challenging 16 universities teams to reengineer a 2016 Chevrolet Camaro to be a performance plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. A pre-transmission (P2) without clutch parallel architecture was chosen by Wayne State University EcoCAR3 team in Year 3.

The parallel PHEV architecture was modeled by using MATLAB, Simulink and Stateflow for the MIL and SIL environment which was used to test different control strategies. To efficiently distribute the power between engine and electric motor and assess component and system statuses, a hybrid supervisory controller was …

Combustion Phasing Through Combustion Ionization In A Caterpillar C7 Compression Ignition Engine, Kamal Ashraf Assaad

Wayne State University Theses

To achieve the goals of best fuel economy, peak power and low soot emissions in military engines it is necessary to control the combustion process. An in-cylinder combustion sensor is required to achieve the goals of controlling the combustion process. Over the last four decades, in-cylinder pressure transducers and ion current sensors have been available for research and development. Most of the effort has focused on the pressure transducer, however up till now a pressure transducer suitable for use in production engines has not been developed yet, because of cost and durability concerns.This work presents the analysis of experimental data …

Turbulent Spray Combustion Modeling Using Direct Integration Of Chemistry And Flamelet Generated Manifolds, Ashraya Goyal

Wayne State University Theses

Turbulent spray combustion of n-dodecane was modeled at engine relevant conditions using various combustion models (Direct Integration of Chemistry and Flamelet Generated Manifolds) and turbulence models (Dynamic Structure Large Eddy Simulation and RNG Reynolds-Averaged Naiver-Stokes). A recently developed n-dodecane mechanism was utilized and the turbulent spray was simulated at various combustion chamber initial gas temperature and pressure conditions. Mesh with size of 31 microns was utilized to resolve small eddies around the spray. The pressure-based ignition delay, flame lift-off length, and spray and jet penetrations were studied and compared with experimental measurements. The Direct Integration of Chemistry and Flamelet Generated …

An Experimental Investigation On The Effect Of Intake Charge Temperature And Injection Timing On Autoignition Of Low Cetane Number Fuel (Sasol Ipk), Swapnil Shekhar Bodele

Wayne State University Theses

ABSTRACT

AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE EFFECT OF

INTAKE CHARGE TEMPERATURE AND INJECTION TIMING

ON AUTOIGNITION OF LOW CETANE NUMBER FUEL

(SASOL IPK)

by

SWAPNIL S BODELE

May 2016

Advisor: Dr. Naeim Henein

Major: Mechanical Engineering

Degree: Master of Science

Although diesel engines are considered the best powerhouses for their heavy-duty

capabilities, concerns have been raised because of their emission issues. Alternative

fuels like jet fuels can be substitute to them for improved efficiencies. The Department Of

Defense uses JP8 for their combat vehicles under their Single Fuel Concept for a better

logistic supply chain. However, due to the projected …

Kinematic Modeling Of An Automated Laser Line Scanning System, Kiran Sunil Deshmukh

Wayne State University Theses

This research work describes the geometric coordinate transformation in an automated laser line scanning system caused by movements required for scanning a component surface. The elements of an automated laser scanning system (robot, laser line scanner, and the component coordinate system) function as a mechanical linkage to obtain a trajectory on a component surface. This methodology solves the forward kinematics, derives the component surface, and uses inverse kinematic equations to characterize the movement of the entire automated scanning system on point trajectory. To reach a point on the component, joint angles of robot have been calculated. As a result, trajectory …

Enhancement Of Cancer Vaccine Efficacy Via Nanoparticle Or Molecular-Based Adjuvants, Myunggi An

Wayne State University Theses

Adjuvants are immunomodulators which enhance immune responses to vaccines. However, parenteral administration of unformulated adjuvants fails to reach lymph nodes (LNs), the anatomic organ where the primary functions of immune cells are orchestrated. The LN-targeting delivery plays the key roles in promoting immune activation and has the great potential to transform disease treatment. The main goal of this thesis is to develop efficient vaccine delivery systems to target therapeutics into draining lymph nodes (dLNs) for ensuring their immunostimulatory activity. We introduced therapeutic applications of activating TLR9 with synthetic CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) agonists in nanoparticle or molecular form to activate immune …

Experimental Strain Measurement In Ultrasonic Welding Of Battery Tabs, Chen Chen

Wayne State University Theses

Lithium-ion battery is one the most popular types of batteries currently used in electric

vehicles. To meet the power requirement, hundreds of Lithium ion battery cells are connected together before being assembled into a battery pack. Ultrasonic welding is the most widely used joining technology to connect battery cells together. In an ultrasonic welding process, high frequency oscillation is used to generate small relative motions between sheet metals to be welded, and produce solid-state bonds between the sheet metals clamped under pressure. One of the major issues for battery pack ultrasonic welding is that sometimes the welding process damages the …

Quantitative Assessment Of Brain Iron Content As A Function Of Age Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Kiarash Ghassaban

Wayne State University Theses

As the most abundant transition metal in the brain, iron is known to play a key role in a variety of functional and cellular processes. Recent in vivo and post-mortem studies have shown that the levels of iron deposition in the brain, particularly in deep gray matter nuclei, vary as a function of age. On the other hand, elevated iron has also been associated with some neurodegenerative diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) among others.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a widely used non-invasive and non-ionizing imaging modality which is sensitive to magnetic properties of materials …

Induction Local Softening Of Advanced High Strength Steel, Jorge Saul Cisneros

Wayne State University Theses

This study was to determine the important parameters regarding induction local softening of dual phase steel with improved manufacturability for autobody stamping. Samples were inductively heat-treated, and then tested using micro hardness test, tensile test, microstructure analysis, and x-ray diffraction analysis. It was found that above 800oC there was a significant reduction in hardness. The cooling rate was found to be the most important parameter affecting the final properties of the steel. The tensile test showed a significant increase in total elongation with a small reduction in ultimate tensile strength. These factors led to the ultimate increase in formability. X-ray …

Implementation Of Camera Arm Control By An Oculus Rift On A Da Vinci Surgical System Simulation, Hamid Sadeghi

Wayne State University Theses

Camera control methods play a significant role in remote surgery. Two methods have been developed to control the camera arm of the da Vinci Surgical System: a standard clutch-based method for manual movement of the camera and an autonomous camera (auto-camera) method. In the standard method, the surgeon positions the camera manually using a pair of hand controllers. This happens frequently during the surgery and may serve as a distraction during surgical procedures. The second method was developed in order to help surgeon to remove the issue mentioned in the standard method. Auto-camera method enables the system to move the …