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Full-Text Articles in Engineering

An Analysis Of Energy Consumption And The Use Of Renewables For A Small Drinking Water Treatment Plant, Saria Bukhary, Jacimara Batista, Sajjad Ahmad Dec 2019

An Analysis Of Energy Consumption And The Use Of Renewables For A Small Drinking Water Treatment Plant, Saria Bukhary, Jacimara Batista, Sajjad Ahmad

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research

One of the pressing issues currently faced by the water industry is incorporating sustainability considerations into design practice and reducing the carbon emissions of energy-intensive processes. Water treatment, an indispensable step for safeguarding public health, is an energy-intensive process. The purpose of this study was to analyze the energy consumption of an existing drinking water treatment plant (DWTP), then conduct a modeling study for using photovoltaics (PVs) to offset that energy consumption, and thus reduce emissions. The selected plant, located in southwestern United States, treats 0.425 m3 of groundwater per second by utilizing the processes of coagulation, filtration, and disinfection. …


Bringing Statistical Learning Machines Together For Hydro-Climatological Predictions - Case Study For Sacramento San Joaquin River Basin, California, Balbhadra Thakur, Ajay Kalra, Sajjad Ahmad, Kenneth W. Lamb, Venkat Lakshmi Dec 2019

Bringing Statistical Learning Machines Together For Hydro-Climatological Predictions - Case Study For Sacramento San Joaquin River Basin, California, Balbhadra Thakur, Ajay Kalra, Sajjad Ahmad, Kenneth W. Lamb, Venkat Lakshmi

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research

Study region: Sacramento San Joaquin River Basin, California Study focus: The study forecasts the streamflow at a regional scale within SSJ river basin with largescale climate variables. The proposed approach eliminates the bias resulting from predefined indices at regional scale. The study was performed for eight unimpaired streamflow stations from 1962–2016. First, the Singular Valued Decomposition (SVD) teleconnections of the streamflow corresponding to 500 mbar geopotential height, sea surface temperature, 500 mbar specific humidity (SHUM500), and 500 mbar U-wind (U500) were obtained. Second, the skillful SVD teleconnections were screened non-parametrically. Finally, the screened teleconnections were used as the streamflow predictors …


Melpf Version 1: Modeling Error Learning Based Post-Processor Framework For Hydrologic Models Accuracy Improvement, Rui Wu, Lei Yang, Chao Chen, Sajjad Ahmad, Sergiu M. Dascalu, Frederick C. Harris Jr. Sep 2019

Melpf Version 1: Modeling Error Learning Based Post-Processor Framework For Hydrologic Models Accuracy Improvement, Rui Wu, Lei Yang, Chao Chen, Sajjad Ahmad, Sergiu M. Dascalu, Frederick C. Harris Jr.

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research

This paper studies how to improve the accuracy of hydrologic models using machine-learning models as post-processors and presents possibilities to reduce the workload to create an accurate hydrologic model by removing the calibration step. It is often challenging to develop an accurate hydrologic model due to the time-consuming model calibration procedure and the nonstationarity of hydrologic data. Our findings show that the errors of hydrologic models are correlated with model inputs. Thus motivated, we propose a modeling-error-learning-based post-processor framework by leveraging this correlation to improve the accuracy of a hydrologic model. The key idea is to predict the differences (errors) …


Rheological Properties Of Modified Crumb Rubber Asphalt Binder And Selecting The Best Modified Binder Using Ahp Method, Mehdi Khalili, Kazem Jadidi, Serji Amirkhanian Aug 2019

Rheological Properties Of Modified Crumb Rubber Asphalt Binder And Selecting The Best Modified Binder Using Ahp Method, Mehdi Khalili, Kazem Jadidi, Serji Amirkhanian

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research

Crumb rubber modifier (CRM) is one of the most popular asphalt binder modifiers due to the economic benefits and desired physical and rheological properties of asphalt binders and asphalt mixes. This research focuses on evaluating the properties of rubber-modified asphalt binders and selecting the best modified binder. The modified binders were produced by blending virgin binders with CRM at various contents of different gradations, and different methods of grinding. CRM made through ambient and cryogenic grinding methods with two gradation sizes were produced and tested. Three different virgin binders from two sources were obtained and used. The Analytic Hierarchy Process …


Bulbous Pier: An Alternative To Bridge Pier Extension As A Countermeasure Against Bridge Deck Splashing, Moses Karakouzian, Amilcar Chavez, Donald Hayes, Mohammad Nazari-Sharabian Jul 2019

Bulbous Pier: An Alternative To Bridge Pier Extension As A Countermeasure Against Bridge Deck Splashing, Moses Karakouzian, Amilcar Chavez, Donald Hayes, Mohammad Nazari-Sharabian

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research

Bridge deck splashing causes deterioration to a bridge’s structure and renders the bridge unsafe for motorists and pedestrians. The traditional countermeasure for bridge deck splashing has been pier extension. Pier extensions move the pier wave and the associated splash away from the bridge deck, but retrofitting existing bridges with pier extensions is costly. This research evaluates the use of a bulbous added to the pier as an alternative to pier extension. A bulb placed on the upstream side of a bridge pier affects the splashing. The energy in the passing water is redirected from the impact by streamlining the flow. …


Development Of Threshold Levels And A Climate-Sensitivity Model Of The Hydrological Regime Of The High-Altitude Catchment Of The Western Himalayas, Pakistan, Muhammad Saifullah, Shiyin Liu, Adnan Ahmad Tahir, Muhammad Zaman, Sajjad Ahmad, Muhammad Adnan, Dianyu Chen, Muhammad Ashraf, Asif Mehmood Jul 2019

Development Of Threshold Levels And A Climate-Sensitivity Model Of The Hydrological Regime Of The High-Altitude Catchment Of The Western Himalayas, Pakistan, Muhammad Saifullah, Shiyin Liu, Adnan Ahmad Tahir, Muhammad Zaman, Sajjad Ahmad, Muhammad Adnan, Dianyu Chen, Muhammad Ashraf, Asif Mehmood

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research

Water shortages in Pakistan are among the most severe in the world, and its water resources are decreasing significantly due to the prevailing hydro-meteorological conditions. We assessed variations in meteorological and hydrological variables using innovative trend analysis (ITA) and traditional trend analysis methods at a practical significance level, which is also of practical interest. We developed threshold levels of hydrological variables and developed a non-parametric climate-sensitivity model of the high-altitude catchment of the western Himalayas. The runoff of Zone I decreased, while the temperature increased and the precipitation increased significantly. In Zone II, the runoff and temperature increased but the …


Effect Of Overburden Height On Hydraulic Fracturing Of Concrete-Lined Pressure Tunnels Excavated In Intact Rock: A Numerical Study, Moses Karakouzian, Mohammad Nazari-Sharabian, Mehrdad Karami Jun 2019

Effect Of Overburden Height On Hydraulic Fracturing Of Concrete-Lined Pressure Tunnels Excavated In Intact Rock: A Numerical Study, Moses Karakouzian, Mohammad Nazari-Sharabian, Mehrdad Karami

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research

: This study investigated the impact of overburden height on the hydraulic fracturing of a concrete-lined pressure tunnel, excavated in intact rock, under steady-state and transient-state conditions. Moreover, the Norwegian design criterion that only suggests increasing the overburden height as a countermeasure against hydraulic fracturing was evaluated. The Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion was implemented to investigate failure in the rock elements adjacent to the lining. A pressure tunnel with an inner diameter of 3.6 m was modeled in Abaqus Finite Element Analysis (FEA), using the finite element method (FEM). It was assumed that transient pressures occur inside the tunnel due to …


Investigation Of Tactile Sensory System Configuration For Construction Hazard Perception, Sayan Sakhakarmi, Jeewoong Park Jun 2019

Investigation Of Tactile Sensory System Configuration For Construction Hazard Perception, Sayan Sakhakarmi, Jeewoong Park

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research

The application of tactile-based wearable devices to assist in navigation for people with low sight/low memory has demonstrated the feasibility of using such devices as a means of communication. Accordingly, a previous study in construction research investigated various parameters of tactile signals to develop a communicable system for potential application in construction hazard communication. However, the nature of construction limits the application of such devices to the body of construction workers, and it is important to understand sensor design parameters for improved communication, which has not been given significant attention yet. Therefore, this study aims to determine key design factors …


A New Uav-Based Module Lifting And Transporting Method: Advantages And Challenges, Jin Choi, Dong Bin Kim May 2019

A New Uav-Based Module Lifting And Transporting Method: Advantages And Challenges, Jin Choi, Dong Bin Kim

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research

The modular construction technique is the one key technology that can substantially advance the competitiveness of the construction industry. However, the industry is having difficulty creating an optimum environment for broader and more effective use of modularization due to one key barrier: implementing a modular construction technique, that is, shipping modules from the fabrication shop to the build site. Multiple issues are potentially challenging to overcome, such as module size and center of gravity, rigging, tie-down, site access, site congestion, and transportation regulations, as well as the availability of local heavy lift equipment. The researchers propose to implement drones as …


A Pilot Study Of Identifying Execution Plan Differences For Accelerated Bridge Construction, Jin Choi, Elina Prajapati May 2019

A Pilot Study Of Identifying Execution Plan Differences For Accelerated Bridge Construction, Jin Choi, Elina Prajapati

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research

Accelerated bridge construction (ABC) is an innovative construction technique used to accelerate the construction of new bridges, as well as the renovation/replacement of existing bridges. Due to the benefits offered by ABC, transportation authorities have a higher preference in executing an accelerated approach over conventional bridge construction. The execution of an accelerated approach has differences when compared to the conventional approach, and it is important to identify such differences for the successful implementation of ABC projects. However, there have been no studies to identify such execution differences. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify execution plan differences relevant to ABC. …


Calibrating Cii Rt283s Modularization Critical Success Factor Accomplishments, Jin Choi, James T. O’Connor, Young Hoon Kwak, Rajarshi Ghimire May 2019

Calibrating Cii Rt283s Modularization Critical Success Factor Accomplishments, Jin Choi, James T. O’Connor, Young Hoon Kwak, Rajarshi Ghimire

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research

Modularization is a well-known construction technique where sections of the job are moved from on-site to a fabrication shop. Previously, the researchers identified the 21 most influential Critical Success Factors (CSFs) for successful modularization and quantified the degree of each CSF’s accomplishment by conducting a survey with 19 subject matter experts, and a case study with three modular projects. Through this methodology, the findings relied on the experience of experts. However, still missing from the understanding of modularization CSFs is a validation of the current degree of each CSF’s accomplishment by examining actual modular projects using a sufficient number of …


Optimization Of Photocatalytic Degradation Of Acid Blue 113 And Acid Red 88 Textile Dyes In A Uv-C/Tio2 Suspension System: Application Of Response Surface Methodology (Rsm), Ali Saber, David E. James, Soroosh Mortazavian Apr 2019

Optimization Of Photocatalytic Degradation Of Acid Blue 113 And Acid Red 88 Textile Dyes In A Uv-C/Tio2 Suspension System: Application Of Response Surface Methodology (Rsm), Ali Saber, David E. James, Soroosh Mortazavian

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research

Textile industries produce copious amounts of colored wastewater some of which are toxic to humans and aquatic biota. This study investigates optimization of a bench-scale UV-C photocatalytic process using a TiO2 catalyst suspension for degradation of two textile dyes, Acid Blue 113 (AB 113) and Acid Red 88 (AR 88). From preliminary experiments, appropriate ranges for experimental factors including reaction time, solution pH, initial dye concentration and catalyst dose, were determined for each dye. Response surface methodology (RSM) using a cubic IV optimal design was then used to design the experiments and optimize the process. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was …


Changes In Snow Phenology From 1979 To 2016 Over The Tianshan Mountains, Central Asia, Tao Yang, Qian Li, Sajjad Ahmad, Hongfei Zhou, Lanhai Li Mar 2019

Changes In Snow Phenology From 1979 To 2016 Over The Tianshan Mountains, Central Asia, Tao Yang, Qian Li, Sajjad Ahmad, Hongfei Zhou, Lanhai Li

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research

Snowmelt from the Tianshan Mountains (TS) is a major contributor to the water resources of the Central Asian region. Thus, changes in snow phenology over the TS have significant implications for regional water supplies and ecosystem services. However, the characteristics of changes in snow phenology and their influences on the climate are poorly understood throughout the entire TS due to the lack of in situ observations, limitations of optical remote sensing due to clouds, and decentralized political landscapes. Using passive microwave remote sensing snow data from 1979 to 2016 across the TS, this study investigates the spatiotemporal variations of snow …


Water Quality Modeling Of Mahabad Dam Watershed–Reservoir System Under Climate Change Conditions, Using Swat And System Dynamics, Mohammad Nazari-Sharabian, Masoud Taheriyoun, Sajjad Ahmad, Moses Karakouzian, Azadeh Ahmadi Feb 2019

Water Quality Modeling Of Mahabad Dam Watershed–Reservoir System Under Climate Change Conditions, Using Swat And System Dynamics, Mohammad Nazari-Sharabian, Masoud Taheriyoun, Sajjad Ahmad, Moses Karakouzian, Azadeh Ahmadi

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research

The total phosphorus (TP) concentration, as the primary limiting eutrophication factor in the Mahabad Dam reservoir in Iran, was studied, considering the combined impacts of climate change, as well as the scenarios on changes in upstream TP loadings and downstream dam water allocations. Downscaled daily projected climate data were obtained from the Beijing Normal University Earth System Model (BNU-ESM) under moderate (RCP4.5) and extreme (RCP8.5) scenarios. These data were used as inputs of a calibrated Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model of the watershed in order to determine the effects of climate change on runoff yields in the watershed …


Flow-Induced Stresses And Displacements In Jointed Concrete Pipes Installed By Pipe Jacking Method, Moses Karakouzian, Mehrdad Karami, Mohammad Nazari-Sharabian, Sajjad Ahmad Feb 2019

Flow-Induced Stresses And Displacements In Jointed Concrete Pipes Installed By Pipe Jacking Method, Moses Karakouzian, Mehrdad Karami, Mohammad Nazari-Sharabian, Sajjad Ahmad

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research

Transient flows result in unbalanced forces and high pressure in pipelines. Under these conditions, the combined effects of flow-induced forces along with sudden pipe displacements can create cracks in the pipeline, especially at the junctions. This situation consequently results in water leakage and reduced operational efficiency of the pipeline. In this study, displacements and stresses in a buried pressurized water transmission pipe installed by pipe jacking method are investigated using numerical modeling and considering interactions between fluid, pipe, and soil. The analyses were performed consecutively under no-flow, steady flow, and transient flow conditions, in order to investigate the effects of …


Modeling Of Grace-Derived Groundwater Information In The Colorado River Basin, Md Mafuzur Rahaman, Balbhadra Thakur, Ajay Kalra, Sajjad Ahmad Feb 2019

Modeling Of Grace-Derived Groundwater Information In The Colorado River Basin, Md Mafuzur Rahaman, Balbhadra Thakur, Ajay Kalra, Sajjad Ahmad

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research

Groundwater depletion has been one of the major challenges in recent years. Analysis of groundwater levels can be beneficial for groundwater management. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s twin satellite, Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), serves in monitoring terrestrial water storage. Increasing freshwater demand amidst recent drought (2000–2014) posed a significant groundwater level decline within the Colorado River Basin (CRB). In the current study, a non-parametric technique was utilized to analyze historical groundwater variability. Additionally, a stochastic Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was developed and tested to forecast the GRACE-derived groundwater anomalies within the CRB. The ARIMA model …


Identification Of Critical Source Areas (Csas) And Evaluation Of Best Management Practices (Bmps) In Controlling Eutrophication In The Dez River Basin, Hadi Babaei, Mohammad Nazari-Sharabian, Moses Karakouzian, Sajjad Ahmad Feb 2019

Identification Of Critical Source Areas (Csas) And Evaluation Of Best Management Practices (Bmps) In Controlling Eutrophication In The Dez River Basin, Hadi Babaei, Mohammad Nazari-Sharabian, Moses Karakouzian, Sajjad Ahmad

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research

Best Management Practices (BMPs) are commonly used to control pollution in the river basins. Prioritization of BMPs helps improve the efficiency and effectiveness of pollution reduction, especially in Critical Source Areas (CSAs) that produce the highest pollution loads. Recently, the Dez River in Khuzestan, Iran, has become highly eutrophic from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides. In this basin, dry and irrigated farming produce 77.34% and 6.3% of the Total Nitrogen (TN) load, and 83.56% and 4.3% of the Total Phosphorus (TP) load, respectively. In addition, residential, pasture, and forest land uses together account for 16.36% of the TN and …


Gis Framework For Spatiotemporal Mapping Of Urban Flooding, Sayed Joinal Hossain Abedin, Haroon Stephen Feb 2019

Gis Framework For Spatiotemporal Mapping Of Urban Flooding, Sayed Joinal Hossain Abedin, Haroon Stephen

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research

This research aims to develop a framework using the Geographic Information System (GIS) to perform modeling and mapping of flood spatiotemporal variation in urban micro-watersheds. The GIS-framework includes a workflow of several methods and processes including delineation of urban watershed, generation of runoff hydrographs, and time series mapping of inundation depths and flood extent. This framework is tested in areas previously known to have experienced flooding at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas main campus, including Black Parking Lot (Blacklot) and East Mall. Calibration is performed by varying Digital Elevation Model (DEM) resolution, rainfall temporal resolution, and clogging factor whereas …


Effects Of Enso On Temperature, Precipitation, And Potential Evapotranspiration Of North India’S Monsoon: An Analysis Of Trend And Entropy, Kazi Tamaddun, Ajay Kalra, Miguel Bernandez, Sajjad Ahmad Jan 2019

Effects Of Enso On Temperature, Precipitation, And Potential Evapotranspiration Of North India’S Monsoon: An Analysis Of Trend And Entropy, Kazi Tamaddun, Ajay Kalra, Miguel Bernandez, Sajjad Ahmad

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research

The influence of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the north Indian temperature, precipitation, and potential evapotranspiration (PET) change patterns were evaluated during the monsoon season across the last century. Trends and shifts in 146 districts were assessed using nonparametric statistical tests. To quantify their temporal variation, the concept of apportionment entropy was applied to both the annual and seasonal scales. Results suggest that the El Niño years played a greater role in causing hydro-climatological changes compared to the La Niña or neutral years. El Niño was more influential in causing shifts compared to trends. For certain districts, a phase …