Engineering Commons^™

Ocena Składu Gazów Odlotowych Z Procesów Spopielania Odpadów Niebezpiecznych Pod Kątem Trudności Oczyszczania I Toksyczności, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

Tightening of the European Union law in the field of the air emission limit values from waste incineration causes necessity for existing and new incineration plants to conform to the standards. It will often involve modernization of the flue gas cleaning system. Proposed in the paper the methodology of evaluation of the combustion gases composition in point of view cleaning difficulty should be useful to this end. Average toxicity factors for hazardous waste incineration flue gases were defined as well. Among other things they can be used in comparative analysis of the air pollutant concentration in the raw gas (before …

A Neural Network-Based Approach For Control Of Capacitors Installed On Distribution Systems For Power Loss Reduction, Almoataz Youssef Abdelaziz

Almoataz Youssef Abdelaziz

A neural network for capacitor switching in electric distribution systems for the purpose of power loss reduction is presented in this paper. An optimization technique (sensitive node method) for allocating the compensating capacitors is used to generate the training set patterns of the neural network. The required input data of the neural network at varying loading conditions are directly obtained from a load flow study of the distribution system. Load variations are assumed to follow a randomized function that generates a randomized matrix which is employed for implementing the different load levels. The developed neural network is based on a …

Development Of Hiv Model And Its Simulation, D. K. Chaturvedi, Pritam Singh, S. K. Gaur, D. S. Mishra

D. K. Chaturvedi Dr.

The article discusses model developmetn for HIV infected population using the System Dynamics technique. The technique has an advantage over conventional modeling technique as it is dependent more on causal relationships that involve qualitative and quantitative variables to model socioeconomic problems of a complex nature. The model has been simulated and the results haven been compared witht he available data.

Artificial Neural Network Learning Using Improved Genetic Algorithms, D. K. Chaturvedi

D. K. Chaturvedi Dr.

The feedforward back-propagation artificial neural networks (ANN) are widely used to control the various industrial process, for modelling, simulation of systems and forecasting. The backpropagation learning has various drawbacks such as slowness in learning, stuck in local minima, requies functional derivative of aggregation function and thresholding function to minimize error function. Various researchers have suggested a number of improvement in simple back-propagation learning algorithm developed by Widrow and Holf in 1956. In this paper, a program is developed for feedforward artificial neural network with genetic algorithm (GA) as the learning mechanism to overcome some of the disadvantages of back-propagation learning …

Czynniki Wpływające Na Skład Spalin I Wielkość Emisji Zanieczyszczeń Z Procesów Termicznego Przekształcania Odpadów Niebezpiecznych, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The work summarizes factors influencing on air emissions from various full-scale hazardous waste incinerators (rotary kiln, multiple hearth furnace, starved-air incinerator, fluidized bed incinerator, liquid injection incinerator). Air pollutant emissions from hazardous waste incineration can be minimized not only by flue-gas cleaning. There are many factors that influence on flue-gas composition and the quantity of air pollutants formed during incineration: the type, the composition and the quantity of waste, the way of waste introducing to the incinerator, excess air ratio, combustion temperature, retention time of exhaust gases etc. Special attention was paid to the loading of waste and incineration conditions …

Odpady Pestycydowe Jako Paliwo Zastępcze W Piecach Obrotowych Do Wypalania Klinkieru Cementowego, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki, Stanisław Słupek

Robert Oleniacz

The clinker burning plant is ideally suited for processing a wide variety of hazardous waste materials. High temperatures existing in cement kilns (ca. 1350-1450 Centigrades in the burning zone) as well as long gas-residence time (ca. 6-10 s) provide potentially excellent conditions for destruction of toxic organic compounds. Non-volatile compounds are retained in the solid phase and built into the clinker. A lot of other (for example acid gases) can also be absorbed by alkaline solid phase. Old pesticide wastes present a big problem in Poland now. They can be use as waste-derived fuels in cement kilns, especially in the …

Ocena Udziału Huty Katowice W Poziomie Opadu Pyłu, Ołowiu I Kadmu Na Powierzchnię Terenu Wokół Zakładu, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents the results of modeling of deposition on the land surface of dust, lead and cadmium emitted from the "Katowice" Steelworks. The calculations were carried out in the vicinity of the location of the dust deposition measuring points existing around the plant. Computational data were compared with the results obtained from direct measurements for the same calendar year. The responsibility of this plant in shaping the level of dust and heavy metal deposition in the region of the protective zone was determined.

English title: Participation of the "Katowice" Steelworks in the level of dust, lead and cadmium deposition …

Prognoza Wpływu Na Stan Zanieczyszczenia Powietrza Procesu Unieszkodliwiania Odpadów Pestycydowych W Piecu Cementowym, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents the general conditions associated with running of pesticide waste co-incineration in rotary kilns for cement clinker burning, and describes the behavior of toxic substances entering to this process with waste materials or forming as the result of thermal decomposition. Additional air emissions and their impact on air quality were also assessed.

English title: Prediction of the impact on the state of air pollution for the process of pesticide waste disposal in a cement kiln.

The Dissolution Of Dnapls In Variable Aperture Fractures, Sarah E. Dickson

Sarah E Dickson

No abstract provided.

Terminology: Preg Robbing, Fathi Habashi

Fathi Habashi

Should the term "preg robbing" be used ?

Modelling And Simulation Of Deep-Bed Grain Dryers, Johnner P. Sitompul, Istadi Istadi, I Nyoman Widiasa

Istadi

This paper concerns with heterogeneous modeling of deepbed grain dryers based on two-phase model by taking into account coupled heat and mass transfer within grains. This model also consider axial mass and heat dispersion in the fluid phase. The dynamictwo-phase equations are solved numerically by finite difference with alternating direction implicit method algorithm, and then applied to simulate humidity and temperature profile of drying gas across dryers together with moisture content and temperature of grains. The capabilities of these models were compared with experimental data obtained from available literatures, under drying conditions such as temperature and absolute humidity of drying …

Dobór Systemu Oczyszczania Gazów Odlotowych Ze Spalania Odpadów Niebezpiecznych, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The flue gas cleaning system is usually one of the most costly elements of the installation to the incineration of hazardous waste. Adapting the system to the actual needs could therefore bring obvious economic benefits.

The paper presents the method of the preselection of the configuration of the cleaning system based on knowledge of the level of concentration of selected components of the raw exhaust gas (sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride, total dust, mercury, cadmium and thallium, and other heavy metals). Twelve examples of flue-gas cleaning systems were proposed and extreme concentration values of the substances in the raw …

Niezorganizowana Emisja Zanieczyszczeń Powietrza Z Hal Ciągłego Odlewania Stali, Marian Mazur, Marek Bogacki, Robert Oleniacz, Agnieszka Łopata

Robert Oleniacz

Air pollutant emissions occurring in an uncontrolled way do not be subject to the regular verification just like it takes place in case of the controlled sources, for which the routine measurements are carried out. In the paper a methodology and the results of some research were presented. The research consisted in determination the quantity of dust and gaseous pollutants emitted from the halls in which technological processes connected with the steel continuous casting were being run. Stocktaking of all the uncontrolled emission sources were carried out and the technological operations predominating in the level of the particle matter and …

A Simplified Overview: How The Earthquake Parameters Are Computed From Recorded Seismic Signals?, Raman Attri

Raman K. Attri

The earthquake phenomenon is one of the unpredictable and complex geo-logical phenomenon happening under the earth surface. The recording and its interpretation of recorded earthquake signal have always been a prime concern of the seismologists. This paper discusses in a very simplified manner how these complex parameters are computed.

Simulation Of Inviscid Multi-Species Plasma Flow, Alexandre Martin, Marcelo Reggio, Jean-Yves Trépanier

Alexandre Martin

A multi-species solver for plasma at thermodynamical equilibrium is developed. A numerical scheme, based on Roe's, is implemented with some modification regarding the average quantities. A perfect gas treatment is carried out for validations, and a quasi-real gas treatment is also presented. The latter takes into account the changes in the composition of the gas caused by fluctuations in temperature and density.

Fuzzified Neural Network Approach For Load Forecasting Problems, D. K. Chaturvedi, P. S. Satsangi, P. K. Kalra

D. K. Chaturvedi Dr.

In load forecasting, the operator or the concerned person uses his or her experience and intuitions to obtain a good guess of the load demand. This guess is normally supported by sophisticated mathematical prediction techniques. The short term load not only varies from hour to hour, but is also influenced by the nature of events, load demand, the type of the load considered, seasonal variations, weekend day or holidays, and also by sudden demand and loss of load. Accordingly, it is quite clear that the electrical load-forecasting problem is quite difficult to model with mathematical difference or differential equations. In …

Design Approach To Use Platinum Rtd Sensor In Snow Temperature Measurements, Raman Attri

Raman K. Attri

The snow temperature measurement is a very critical area of hydrological instrumentation. The measured data is used to assess the run-off water, snow pack strength and snow avalanche. The hydrological and snow avalanche forecast models require that temperature be measured at different points in the snow pack, above the snow pack and below the snow pack. A state-of-the-art multi-point snow temperature measurement system has been designed and developed for this purpose. The type of the temperature sensor used is a critical aspect of this physical parameter instrumentation. After lot of study of various aspects of different temperature sensing elements, the …

Ecocomposite Materials, David A. Bainbridge

David A Bainbridge

Ecocomposite materials combine fibers, resins and natural materials for added strength and durability. These materials can be fully and easily recycled by nature.

Ecocomposite Materials, David A. Bainbridge

David A Bainbridge

If we are wise we can make a transition to the Age of Ecocomposites with virtually no pollution. Ecocomposite materials are those made with natural fibers and resins and can be produced in sustainable agro-industrial ecosystems. These materials can reused, recycled or returned to nature by grinding, composting, biological breakdown, or benign solvents. Historical use and recent rediscovery of these materials has suggested the many advantages (and challenges) using these materials offer to designers and engineers.

Anodisation Of Copper In Thiourea-And Formamidine Disulphide-Containing Acid Solution.: Part I. Identification Of Products And Reaction Pathway

A.S. Md Abdul Haseeb

The anodic behaviour of copper in aqueous 0.5 M sulphuric acid containing different amounts of dissolved thiourea or formamidine disulphide was investigated at 298 K, combining data from electrochemical polarisation, chemical analysis, UV–vis spectroscopy, XPS and EDAX analysis, and structural information on copper–thiourea complexes. The main reactions depend on the applied potential and initial thiourea concentration. In the potential range −0.30≤E≤0.075 V (versus SCE), the electro-oxidation of thiourea to formamidine disulphide, the formation of Cu(I)–thiourea soluble complexes, and Cu(I)–thiourea complex polymer-like films, are the most relevant processes. The formation of this film depends on certain critical thiourea/copper ion molar concentration …

Mössbauer Investigation On Electrodeposited Fe-C And Fe-Ni-C Alloys

A.S. Md Abdul Haseeb

Hard Fe-C based alloys, Fe-0.96 mass% C and Fe-15.4 mass% C having a microhardness of 810 and 750 HV, respectively, are electrodeposited from sulfate-based baths at 50°C. The Mössbauer spectra consist of high intensity sextet due to ferromagnetic Fe. The linewidth of the sextet is larger for alloys than for the pure Fe, indicating an increased effective field at different Fe sites in the alloys. Absence of any low intensity sextet, which is attributable to the Fe atoms close to the C atoms at the octahedral c-axis position, suggests that the electrodeposited alloys are in an advanced state of aging. …

Thermal Decomposition Study Of Electrodeposited Fe-C And Fe-Ni-C Alloys By Differential Scanning Calorimetry

A.S. Md Abdul Haseeb

Fe-0.96mass%C and Fe-15.4mass%Ni-0.70mass%C alloys with hardness of 810 and 750 HV respectively have been electrodeposited at 50°C from sulphate based baths containing a small amount of citric acid and L-ascorbic acid. Differential scanning calorimetry of the electrodeposited samples has been carried out in the temperature range of 293-725 K in argon atmosphere. Electrodeposited pure Fe is also investigated for comparison purposes. The DSC curves of both alloys contain two exothermic peaks: at about 411 K and 646 K for the Fe-C alloy, and 388 K and 639 K for the Fe-Ni-C alloy. These peaks are irreversible and do not appear …

Use Of Energy And Power Concepts In The Analysis Of The Inter-Area Mode Phenomenon, Arturo Roman Messina

A. R. Messina

This paper presents an energy-based small signal method of analyzing low-frequency inter-area oscillations. A comprehensive framework for the analysis of system oscillations is developed based on the analysis of energy relationships in the linear state representation of the power system. This approach provides insight into the nature of the inter-area phenomenon and can be used in conjunction with modern techniques for spectral analysis of complex power systems. The practical use of the proposed methodology is tested on a complex 46-machine, 190-bus test system. Detailed non-linear time domain simulations and frequency domain studies are finally conducted to check the validity of …

Exposición A Fluoruros Del Agua Potable En La Ciudad De Aguascalientes, México, Rodolfo Trejo-Vázquez, Adrian Bonilla-Petriciolet

Adrian Bonilla-Petriciolet

Objetivos. Determinar el contenido de fluoruros en todos los pozos de suministro de agua potable de la ciudad de Aguascalientes para establecer el grado de exposición de la población. Métodos. Se determinó el contenido de fluoruros de los 126 pozos de suministro de agua potable de la ciudad de Aguascalientes, México, con el método SPADNS, conforme a las normativas mexicanas NMX-AA-77-1982 y NMX-014-SSAI-1993. Con los datos obtenidos se crearon mapas de isolíneas de concentración que muestran la distribución de esta variable en los mantos freáticos que abastecen a la ciudad de Aguascalientes y se estimaron las dosis de exposición de …

Two-Phase Partitioning Bioreactors In Fermentation Technology, Janusz J. Malinowski

Janusz J. Malinowski

The two-phase partitioning bioreactor concept appears to have a great potential in enhancing the productivity of many bioprocesses. The proper selection of an organic solvent is the key to successful application of this approach in industrial practice. The integration of fermentation and a primary product separation step has a positive impact on the productivity of many fermentation processes. The controlled substrate delivery from the organic to the aqueous phase opens a new area of application of this strategy to biodegradation of xenobiotics. In this review, the most recent advances in the application of two-liquid phase partitioning bioreactors for product or …

Structure Of Alkanoic Acid Stabilized Magnetic Fluids. A Small-Angle Neutron And Light Scattering Analysis, Seif-Eddeen K. Fateen

Seif-Eddeen K Fateen

No abstract provided.

Introdução Ao Hardware Evolutivo, Gladstone B. Alves

Gladstone B. Alves

In the 1950's, the idea of simulate the workings of natural evolution in an engineering setting gave birth to the domain of evolutionary computation, a powerful approach to optimization and non-deterministic problem solving. Now, some researchers are beggining to create hardware that can grow and improve itself over time, evolving steadily as it finds new and better ways to do the tasks it has set before it. The field, known as Evolvable Hardware, is a recent focus of a growing endeavour to build this kind of autonomous, adaptive, and fault-tolerant electronic systems. This paper motivates current research on Evolvable Hardware …

Using Linear Arx Terms In Rbf Network Models: A Case Study Employing A Thermal Process, Gladstone B. Alves, Luis A. Aguirre, Marcelo V. Corrêa

Gladstone B. Alves

No abstract provided.

Simulations Of Non-Stationary Reactors For The Catalytic Conversion Of Methane To Synthesis Gas, Krzysztof Gosiewski

Krzysztof Gosiewski

Mathematical simulation results are compared for several types of reactors for the conversion of methane to synthesis gas via catalytic partial oxidation of methane coupled with the simultaneous steam reforming. The simulations concerned reactors operating under non-stationary conditions, i.e. at a continuous, forced unsteady state. Both reverse-flowreactors with pelletized and monolith catalyst were simulated, and those with the pelletized catalyst, operating under conditions of feed composition cycling. The simulation results were compared with data for similar reactors operating at steady state. The basic process parameters compared include the conversion of methane and oxygen and the selectivities of the products (CO …

Characterisation Of Non-Condensable Sulphur Containing Gases From Kraft Pulp Mills (2), João F. Gomes

João F Gomes

This paper describes work performed on the sampling and analysis of non-condensable gases (NCG) emitted from diffuse sources of a Portuguese Kraft pulp mill, which is the background information for a NCG collection, treatment and disposal system. The variability found in the composition of the gaseous compounds showed the existence of gaseous streams other than typical total reduced sulphur (TRS) compounds as usually described. From the measured TRS concentrations and the gas flow rate from each source it was possible to calculate the emission flow rate, E, of each source. These emission flow rates were then divided into 3 categories …