Engineering Commons^™

Implementation And Optimization Of Multi-Resonance And Phase Control Of The Electrical Power Take-Off On A Wec Array For Improved Performance, Madelyn G. Veurink

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Many governments around the world are pledging to reduce their consumption of fossil fuels as they look to curb the amount of green house gasses they release into the atmosphere. These green house gasses are what scientists blame for global warming and the recent increase in extreme weather events. Producing electricity is one of the largest producers of these gasses but utilizing renewable sources can greatly decrease the amount of green house gasses produced. Common forms of renewable energies are wind and solar and both of these green energies have reached a state of maturation where they are economically viable …

Wireless Power Transfer In Autonomous Mobile Microgrids, Carl Greene

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

The ability to autonomously dock unmanned ground vehicles plays a key role in mobile micro-grids, where efficient power transfer is paramount. The approach utilized in this work allows for near-field wireless power transfer in remote locations with minimal support. Establishing a micro-grid power system connection autonomously using wireless power eliminates the arduous task of designing a complex, multiple degrees of freedom (MDOF) robotic arm. The work presented in this thesis focuses on both the hardware and software within the micro-grid system. This particular near-field wireless system consists of a primary and secondary set of modules, comprised of Litz wire coils, …

Study Of Electric Vehicle Smart Charging And Energy Management For Vehicle-Grid Integration Systems, Zhouquan Wu

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

The emerging need of building an efficient Electric Vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure requires the investigation of all aspects of Vehicle-Grid Integration (VGI). This dissertation studies the optimal EV charging control and energy management of VGI system to address the economic benefits of EV charging customers and operation stability of distribution power grids. First of all, a centralized EV charging control method is developed under the transactive energy environment to minimize the EV charging cost and avoid the distribution power grid overloading. The quadratic programming is used to obtain optimized charging control actions. Case studies with hundreds of EVs are conducted …

Stability Approximation Method For Pulse Loads In Power Electronic Systems, Eduardo A. Marmol D

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Pulse loads on power electronic distribution systems are becoming very popular nowadays as the components of ships and airplanes are moving to more electric power. However, the pulse loads have a destabilizing effect on the power distribution system. Usually, the method used to study the stability of this type of system are small-signal analyses and are based on a system where the load is modeled as a constant. Since DC-DC systems with pulsed loads are very nonlinear, a small-signal analysis does not provide helpful information related to the stability of the system. The work presented in this thesis focuses on …

Self-Oscillating Induction Heater, Patrick Rice

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

This report develops a control system to keep an induction heater in resonance. When a metallic workpiece is inserted in the air core of the workcoil, the resonant frequency changes. Different workpiece materials affect the resonant frequency and power. This presents a problem since changing the resonant frequency of the circuit while keeping the frequency constant reduces the maximum power of the circuit. Finite element analysis is used to find the circuit parameters of the workcoil and workpiece interaction. A non-linear controller which oscillates based on the resonant frequency of an LC tank is created. Nyquist and describing function analysis …

Hardware In The Loop Implementation And Simulations Of A Wave Energy Converter Using Typhoon Hil And Speedgoat, Pranav Nair

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Several studies have indicated that electricity production is the prime source of greenhouse emissions, more than flying and driving combined. Hence, over the past few decades, there has been a significant rise in the need for clean energy to achieve the targets in emissions reduction. It has been observed that the share of renewable energy sources in the percentage of total electricity production is rising, but, according to climate experts, the transition needs to speed up. Hence, it is significant to study and develop underutilized renewable energy sources.

One of these underutilized renewable energy sources is wave energy. It has …

Real Time Adaptive Relay Settings For Microgrid Protection Verified Using Hardware In Loop, Aadam Harnekar

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Microgrids with penetration of renewables is imposing new challenges for system protection. Renewables are characterized with high source impedance which limit the short circuit current. The value of short-circuit current is limited due to converters used which limit the current to a maximum of 1.1 to 1.5 times maximum rated load current. This can result in faults during the islanded mode of microgrid to go unnoticed if the relay settings are not adapted to account for it. The presence of such uncleared faults in the microgrid can result in exposing it to overcurrent for a long time which can damage …

Quantifying The Value Of Foam-Based Flexible Floating Solar Photovoltaic Systems, Koami Soulemane Hayibo

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Distributed generation with solar photovoltaic (PV) technology is economically competitive if net metered in the U.S. Yet there is evidence that net metering is misrepresenting the true value of distributed solar generation so that the value of solar (VOS) is becoming the preferred method for evaluating economics of grid-tied PV. VOS calculations are challenging and there is widespread disagreement in the literature on the methods and data needed. To overcome these limitations, this thesis reviews past VOS studies to develop a generalized model that considers realistic future avoided costs and liabilities. The approach used here is bottom-up modeling where the …

Reverse Engineering Of Short Circuit Analyses, Anurag Nagpure

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

The electrical distribution system has evolved with embedded computer systems that can better manage the electrical fault that occurred around the feeders. Such random events can affect the reliability indices of overall systems. Computerized management system for distribution operation has been improving with the advanced sensing technologies. The general research question is here to articulate is the responsiveness for utility crew to pinpoint the exact location of a fault based on the SCADA fault indicators from pole-mounted feeder remote terminal units (FRTUs). This has been a tricky question because it relies on the information received from the sensors that can …

A Transdisciplinary Analysis Of Just Transition Pathways To 100% Renewable Electricity, Adewale Aremu Adesanya

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

The transition to using clean, affordable, and reliable electrical energy is critical for enhancing human opportunities and capabilities. In the United States, many states and localities are engaging in this transition despite the lack of ambitious federal policy support. This research builds on the theoretical framework of the multilevel perspective (MLP) of sociotechnical transitions as well as the concept of energy justice to investigate potential pathways to 100 percent renewable energy (RE) for electricity provision in the U.S. This research seeks to answer the question: what are the technical, policy, and perceptual pathways, barriers, and opportunities for just transition to …

Establishment Of Cyber-Physical Correlation And Verification Based On Attack Scenarios In Power Substations, Koji Yamashita

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Insurance businesses for the cyberworld are an evolving opportunity. However, a quantitative model in today's security technologies may not be established. Besides, a generalized methodology to assess the systematic risks remains underdeveloped. There has been a technical challenge to capture intrusion risks of the cyber-physical system, including estimating the impact of the potential cascaded events initiated by the hacker's malicious actions.

This dissertation attempts to integrate both modeling aspects: 1) steady-state probabilities for the Internet protocol-based substation switching attack events based on hypothetical cyberattacks, 2) potential electricity losses. The phenomenon of sequential attacks can be characterized using a time-domain simulation …

Optimal Power Flow Control Of Networked Dc Microgrids, Eddy H. Trinklein

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

The US military is moving toward the electrification of many weapon systems and platforms. Advanced weapon systems such as high energy radar, electro-magnetic kinetic weapons and directed energy pose significant integration challenges due to their pulsed power electrical load profile. Additionally, the weapons platforms, including ships, aircraft, and vehicles can be studied as a mobile microgrids with multiple generation sources, loads, and energy storage. There is also a desire to extend the mission profile and capabilities of these systems. Common goals are to increase fuel efficiency, maintaining system stability, and reduce energy storage size as typically required to enable pulsed …

Networked Microgrid Optimization And Energy Management, Robert S. Jane

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Military vehicles possess attributes consistent with a microgrid, containing electrical energy generation, storage, government furnished equipment (GFE), and the ability to share these capabilities via interconnection. Many military vehicles have significant energy storage capacity to satisfy silent watch requirements, making them particularly well-suited to share their energy storage capabilities with stationary microgrids for more efficient energy management. Further, the energy generation capacity and the fuel consumption rate of the vehicles are comparable to standard diesel generators, for certain scenarios, the use of the vehicles could result in more efficient operation. Energy management of a microgrid is an open area of …

Lithium-Ion Battery Degradation Evaluation Through Bayesian Network Method For Residential Energy Storage Systems, Khalid Khan

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Batteries continue to infiltrate in innovative applications with the technological advancements led by Li-ion chemistry in the past decade. Residential energy storage is one such example, made possible by increasing efficiency and decreasing the cost of solar PV. Residential energy storage, charged by rooftop solar PV is tied to the grid, provides household loads. This multi-operation role has a significant effect on battery degradation. These contributing factors especially solar irradiation and weather conditions are highly variable and can only be explained with probabilistic analysis. However, the effect of such external factors on battery degradation is approached in recent literature with …

Development Of The Coil Volume Method For Time-Domain Simulation Of Internal Faults In Transformers, Elizaveta Egorova

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

A power transformer is a very important and expensive asset for a utility. As for any other power equipment, the transformer is subject to internal faults. The extent of transformer damage depends on the fault duration. Therefore, the protective relays should provide for sensitivity, selectivity, and speed of operation to minimize the effects of damaging conditions. High sensitivity of the relay allows it to identify internal faults quickly. However, the relay should not jeopardize the normal operation of the transformer. To determine desirable relay settings, a transformer model for simulation of internal faults is required.

Transformer models, shown in the …

Testing Of Recursive And Non-Recursive Algorithms For Real-Time Phasor And Frequency Estimations In Power Systems, Dhruv Sharma

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Steady-state performance of various recursive and non-recursive algorithms are tested in this report according to the test signals given in the IEEE Standard C37.118.1-2011. Phase magnitude and phase angle of the power grid signals have been estimated using Discrete Fourier Transform (non-recursive), Discrete Fourier Transform (recursive), Least Square, and Wavelet Transform Algorithms. Frequency estimation is performed using Discrete Fourier Transform, Weighted Least Square, and Zero Crossing methods. These algorithms are evaluated in LabView software and tested by generating test signals in a Simulink model. Furthermore, Total Vector Error (TVE) is calculated using dynamic test signals as per the IEEE Standard …

Impact Of Inrush Currents And Geomagnetically Induced Currents On Transformer Behavior, Nishchal Sharma

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Transformers are the tie-points of electrical power systems. Their protection from power system faults and other innate issues is of prime importance. A few of the issues that are studied in this report are magnetic inrush currents, geomagnetically induced currents in power transformers and Over-excitation.

This project develops a novel way of initializing and visualizing the flux linkage in the transformer core for studies on energization inrush currents. In addition, a quasi-DC source for GIC has been developed in order to study the GIC effects on power transformers and a sensitivity analysis has been carried out to understand effects of …

Electro-Mechanical-Thermal Modeling And Stability Of Pulsed Power Loads On A Dc Network, Joshua Allen Dillon

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Modern military aircraft are developing larger pulsed power loads varying from new weapon technologies to advanced avionics and other electrical equipment. Pulsing power loads emulate a pulse width modulated signal which have non-linear destabilizing effects on the electrical system. Additionally, these devices have thermal properties that can induce electrical stability issues at low and high temperatures and various pulsing load conditions. These non-linear electrical stability issues carry through to the mechanical and thermal systems of the aircraft and can damage components. The MATLAB/Simulink workspace is used to simulate a non-linear model of an aircraft’s electrical-mechanicalthermal (EMT) system. This system includes …

A Bayesian Network Approach To Battery Aging In Electric Vehicle Transportation And Grid Integration, Mehdi Jafari

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Nowadays, batteries in electric vehicles (EVs) are facing a variety of tasks in their connection to the power grid in addition to the main task, driving. All of these tasks play a very significant role in the battery aging, but they are highly variable due to the change in the driver behavior, grid connection availability and weather conditions. The effect of these external factors in the battery degradation have been studied in literature by mostly deterministic and some stochastic approaches, but limited to specific cases.

In this dissertation, first, a large-scale deterministic approach is implemented to evaluate the effect of …

Cyber-Based Contingency Analysis And Insurance Implications Of Power Grid, Zhiyuan Yang

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Cybersecurity for power communication infrastructure is a serious subject that has been discussed for a decade since the first North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) critical infrastructure protection (CIP) initiative in 2006. Its credibility on plausibility has been evidenced by attack events in the recent past. Although this is a "very high impact, rare probability" event, the establishment of quantitative measures would help asset owners in making a series of investment decisions. First, this dissertation tackles attackers' strategies based on the current communication architecture between remote IP-based (unmanned) power substations and energy control centers. Hypothetically, the identification of intrusion paths …

Active And Reactive Power Control Of Flexible Loads For Distribution-Level Grid Services, Jingyuan Wang

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Electric vehicle (EV) charging/discharging can take place in any P-Q quadrants, which means EVs could provide reactive power at any state-of-charge (SOC). This dissertation shows four-quadrant operation of EVs and aggregation of EVs for support of grid operations.

First, this work develops hierarchical coordination frameworks to optimally manage active and reactive power dispatch of number of spatially distributed EVs incorporating distribution grid level constraints. This work demonstrates benefits of coordinated dispatch of active and reactive power from EVs using a 33-node distribution feeder with large number of EVs (more than 5,000). Case studies demonstrate that, in constrained distribution grids, coordinated …

Anomaly Inference Based On Heterogeneous Data Sources In An Electrical Distribution System, Yachen Tang

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Harnessing the heterogeneous data sets would improve system observability. While the current metering infrastructure in distribution network has been utilized for the operational purpose to tackle abnormal events, such as weather-related disturbance, the new normal we face today can be at a greater magnitude. Strengthening the inter-dependencies as well as incorporating new crowd-sourced information can enhance operational aspects such as system reconfigurability under extreme conditions. Such resilience is crucial to the recovery of any catastrophic events. In this dissertation, it is focused on the anomaly of potential foul play within an electrical distribution system, both primary and secondary networks as …

Energy Storage Control And Requirements For Inverter-Based Microgrids, Mehrzad Mohammadi Bijaieh

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

The intermittent nature of distributed renewable sources such as wind or solar requires integration of energy storage systems. In this dissertation a distributed form of the Hamiltonian Surface Shaping and Power Flow Control (HSSPFC) method is used to determine the energy storage requirements of three-phase inverter-based microgrids. The overall control is appropriate to be integrated into a hierarchical control system. As the primary control, a novel dq droop control sets the local references and is supported by a level-zero Hamiltonian controller which includes energy storage feed-forward and feedback, and an inverter feed-forward controls. Here, the energy storage element performs as …

Model-Based Control Of Hybrid Electric Powertrains Integrated With Low Temperature Combustion Engines, Ali Soloukmofrad

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Powertrain electrification including hybridizing advanced combustion engines is a viable cost-effective solution to improve fuel economy of vehicles. This will provide opportunity for narrow-range high-efficiency combustion regimes to be able to operate and consequently improve vehicle’s fuel conversion efficiency, compared to conventional hybrid electric vehicles (HEV)s. Low temperature combustion (LTC) engines offer the highest peak brake thermal efficiency reported in literature, but these engines have narrow operating range. In addition, LTC engines have ultra-low soot and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions, compared to conventional compression ignition and spark ignition (SI) engines. This dissertation concentrates on integrating the LTC engines (i) in …

Minimum Time Control Of Paralleled Boost Converters, Shishir Patel

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Demand for electrification is booming in both, traditional and upcoming generations of technological advancements. One of the constituent blocks of these electrified systems is Power conversion. Power conversion systems are often constructed by paralleling multiple power converter blocks for high performance and reliability of overall system. An advanced control technique is developed with an aim to optimize system states of heterogeneous power converters within minimum time while maintaining feasible stress level on individual power converter blocks. Practical implementation of real-time controller and performance improvement strategies are addressed. Experimental results validating high performance control scheme, and sensitivity analysis of system states …

Consensus Based Distributed Control In Micro-Grid Clusters, Syed Ahmed Fuad

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

With the increasing trend of utilizing renewable energy generators such as photovoltaic (PV) cells and wind turbines, power systems are transforming from a centralized power grid structure to a cluster of smart micro-grids with more autonomous power sharing capabilities. Even though the decentralized control of power systems is a reliable and cost effective solution, due to the inherent heterogeneous nature of micro-grids, optimal and efficient power sharing among distributed generators (DG’s) is a major issue which calls for advanced control techniques for voltage stabilization of the entire micro-grid cluster. The proposed consensus based algorithm in this thesis is a solution …

Second-Life Battery Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Modeling And Application To A Residential System, Busra Ovali

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

This study presents the modeling of a used hybrid electric vehicle battery (also called second life battery), and its design and simulation for a standalone residential photovoltaic system. For this purpose, the battery was tested through capacity and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests (EIS). These tests were done with variable temperatures (0ºC, 15ºC and 30ºC), and results were used to fit an equivalent impedance circuit. This model was used to incorporate a second life battery to a PV system, which was simulated by using daily irradiance and load data for Tucson (AZ) under most various month (May).

Modeling, Simulation And Control Of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Drive While Minimizing Energy Input Requirements Using Optimized Gear Ratios, Sanjai Massey

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

This project was conducted to analyze (model and simulate) and optimize an electric motor based drive system to propel a typical passenger vehicle in an urban driving environment. Although there are many HEV and EV type systems on the market today, this paper chose the Toyota Prius HEV system as a baseline using a brushless AC motor.

Although a vehicle can be driven many ways, a more standardized Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule, UDDS, was chosen to simulate real driving conditions. This schedule is determined by the US Environmental Protection Agency, EPA, and is intended to represent the city driving conditions …

Predictive Control Of Power Grid-Connected Energy Systems Based On Energy And Exergy Metrics, Meysam Razmara

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Building and transportation sectors account for 41% and 27% of total energy consumption in the US, respectively. Designing smart controllers for Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) systems and Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs) can play a key role in reducing energy consumption. Exergy or availability is based on the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics and is a more precise metric to evaluate energy systems including HVAC and ICE systems. This dissertation centers on development of exergy models and design of model-based controllers based on exergy and energy metrics for grid-connected energy systems including HVAC and ICEs.

In this PhD dissertation, …

Design And Simulation Of A Residential Pv-Battery System, Sevket Burak Ovali

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

This thesis provides the design and simulation of a stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) system to ensure the load demands for a single residential in Houghton (MI) and Tucson (AZ). The fundamental activities of this study aim to model for particular stand-alone photovoltaic of components. Entire stand-alone design stages for used load data sets are carried out. Daily irradiance and load data are taken into consideration throughout the design stages. The Simulink program is developed to obtain simulation results to observe PV system and battery behaviors regarding various months which have most various irradiances throughout 30 days. Sizing of PV systems is …