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Articles 1 - 30 of 658
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Lead-Free Interconnection For Electronic Devices, Ravi F. Saraf
Lead-Free Interconnection For Electronic Devices, Ravi F. Saraf
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering: Patents
An electronic device that is equipped with a plurality of bonding pads positioned on the device for making electrical interconnections and electrically conductive composite bumps adhered to the bonding pads wherein the bumps are formed of a composite material consisting of a thermoplastic polymer and at least about 30 volume percent of conductive metal particles based on the total volume of the metal particles and the thermoplastic polymer. The present invention is also directed to a method of making electrical interconnections to an electronic device by pressing a plurality of composite bumps of a polymeric based material against a substrate …
Frontal Chromatography Of Proteins: The Effect On Column Performance Of The Restricted Diffusion Of Molecules In Porous Chromatographic Adsorbents, Athanasios I. Liapis, H. Sadikoglu, Orrin K. Crosser
Frontal Chromatography Of Proteins: The Effect On Column Performance Of The Restricted Diffusion Of Molecules In Porous Chromatographic Adsorbents, Athanasios I. Liapis, H. Sadikoglu, Orrin K. Crosser
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
A theoretical formulation is presented that can be used to describe the dynamic behavior of frontal chromatography of proteins in columns packed with adsorbent particles in which restricted pore diffusion of the adsorbate molecules occurs. The results of this work clearly indicate that the time for breakthrough and the effective utilization of the adsorptive capacity of the chromatographic particles increase as (a) the size of the adsorbate and/or ligand (active site) molecule decreases, (b) the pore connectivity, n(T), of the porous network of the adsorbent particles increases, and (c) the column length, L, increases. Copyright (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.
Network Modeling Of The Intraparticle Convection And Diffusion Of Molecules In Porous Particles Packed In A Chromatographic Column, J. J. Meyers, Athanasios I. Liapis
Network Modeling Of The Intraparticle Convection And Diffusion Of Molecules In Porous Particles Packed In A Chromatographic Column, J. J. Meyers, Athanasios I. Liapis
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
A pore network model (cubic lattice network) is constructed to represent the porous structure in a column packed with porous chromatographic particles. Expressions are developed and used to determine, through the utilization of the pore network model, the intraparticle interstitial fluid velocity and pore diffusivity of a solute as the pore connectivity, n(T), of the porous medium is varied from 2.6 to 6.0. The results show that the intraparticle interstitial velocity and the pore diffusivity increase significantly as the value of the pore connectivity, n(T), increases, and clearly indicate that the pore connectivity, n(T), plays a key role in determining …
Optimization Of Temperature-Glycerol -Ph Conditions For Fed-Batch Fermentation Process For Recombinant Hookworm (Ancylostoma Caninurn) Anticoagulant Peptide (Acap-5) Production By Pichia Pastoris, Mehmet Inan, Vijay Chiruvolu, Kent M. Eskridge, George P. Vlasuk, Kenneth Dickerson, Scott Brown, Michael M. Meagher
Optimization Of Temperature-Glycerol -Ph Conditions For Fed-Batch Fermentation Process For Recombinant Hookworm (Ancylostoma Caninurn) Anticoagulant Peptide (Acap-5) Production By Pichia Pastoris, Mehmet Inan, Vijay Chiruvolu, Kent M. Eskridge, George P. Vlasuk, Kenneth Dickerson, Scott Brown, Michael M. Meagher
Papers in Biochemical Engineering
This study was undertaken to determine the optimum pH, temperature and glycerol feed rate for the production of recombinant hookworm (Ancylostoma caninum) anticoagulant peptide (rAcAP-5) by Pichia pastoris using response surface methodology (RSM). A central composite design was used as an experimental design for allocation of treatment combinations in three blocks. The variables selected for study were pH, temperature and glycerol feed rate. pH was the most important variable affecting yield, specific yield and specific activity of rAcAP-5. Glycerol feed rate had a significant effect on the specific activity of rAcAP-5 (% of total secreted protein) while temperature did not …
23rd Conference On Senior Engineering Design Projects, College Of Engineering And Applied Sciences
23rd Conference On Senior Engineering Design Projects, College Of Engineering And Applied Sciences
Senior Engineering Design Conference
The 23rd Conference on Senior Engineering Design Projects was held on December 1, 1998 at the College of Engineering and applied Sciences on the Parkview Campus of Western Michigan University. The college sponsors the conference to showcase the work of its graduating seniors, who are required to complete a capstone project that puts into practice what they have learned. Many of the projects are sponsored by business and industry.
Acuta Enews December 1998, Vol.27, No. 12
Acuta Enews December 1998, Vol.27, No. 12
ACUTA Newsletters
In This Issue
Increase in PICC Charges Delayed
Looking for Answers in '99
Overheard on the Listserve
411 Newsletter Salary Survey
Beefing Up User Support on Campus
Board Report
DC at a Glance
Positions Available
Welcome New Members
Interval Computations, Soft Computing, And Aerospace Applications, Vladik Kreinovich
Interval Computations, Soft Computing, And Aerospace Applications, Vladik Kreinovich
Departmental Technical Reports (CS)
No abstract provided.
Justification Of Heuristic Methods In Data Processing Using Fuzzy Theory, With Applications To Detection Of Business Cycles From Fuzzy Data, Vladik Kreinovich, Hung T. Nguyen, Berlin Wu
Justification Of Heuristic Methods In Data Processing Using Fuzzy Theory, With Applications To Detection Of Business Cycles From Fuzzy Data, Vladik Kreinovich, Hung T. Nguyen, Berlin Wu
Departmental Technical Reports (CS)
No abstract provided.
Interval Image Classification Is Np-Hard, Alejandro E. Brito, Vladik Kreinovich
Interval Image Classification Is Np-Hard, Alejandro E. Brito, Vladik Kreinovich
Departmental Technical Reports (CS)
Feature extraction from images to perform object classification is a very hard problem for general solution. We prove that under interval uncertainty, linear classification is NP-hard.
Towards Optimal Pain Relief: Acupuncture And Spinal Cord Stimulation, Richard Alo, Kenneth Alo, Obinna Ilochonwu, Vladik Kreinovich, Hoang Phuong Nguyen
Towards Optimal Pain Relief: Acupuncture And Spinal Cord Stimulation, Richard Alo, Kenneth Alo, Obinna Ilochonwu, Vladik Kreinovich, Hoang Phuong Nguyen
Departmental Technical Reports (CS)
One of the important potential areas of application of intelligent virtual environment is to training medical doctors. One of the main problems in designing the corresponding intelligent system is the computational complexity of the corresponding computational problems. This computational complexity is especially high when the corresponding optimization is a discrete optimization problem, e.g., for pain relief methodologies such as acupuncture and spinal cord stimulation. In this paper, we show how to efficiently solve the corresponding discrete optimization problems. As a result, we get, e.g., a theoretical justification for the heuristic method of "guarded cathode".
Towards Intelligent Virtual Environment For Teaching Telemanipulation Operators: Virtual Tool Approach And Its Interval-Based Justification, L. Olac Fuentes, Vladik Kreinovich
Towards Intelligent Virtual Environment For Teaching Telemanipulation Operators: Virtual Tool Approach And Its Interval-Based Justification, L. Olac Fuentes, Vladik Kreinovich
Departmental Technical Reports (CS)
No abstract provided.
A Continuous Process For The Conversion Of Vegetable Oils Into Methyl Esters Of Fatty Acids, Hossein Noureddini, D Harkey, V Medikonduru
A Continuous Process For The Conversion Of Vegetable Oils Into Methyl Esters Of Fatty Acids, Hossein Noureddini, D Harkey, V Medikonduru
Papers in Biomaterials
A continuous process for the transesterification of triglycerides to methyl esters was investigated in a pilot plant. The process was equipped with a motionless and a high-shear mixer. The experimental studies explored variations in the mixing intensity, stoichiometry, and catalyst concentration on the overall conversion. The combined as well as individual effect of mixers was examined. The developed process resulted in high conversions of vegetable oils into methyl esters. Conversion of triglycerides to methyl esters in excess of 98% was achieved. Larger excess amounts of alcohol favored higher conversions. The motionless and high-shear mixers each provided adequate mixing for the …
Study On The Estimation And Control Of A Liquid Composite Molding Process, Dennis Sourlas, Susmito Naha, Gary Patterson, Richard Parnas
Study On The Estimation And Control Of A Liquid Composite Molding Process, Dennis Sourlas, Susmito Naha, Gary Patterson, Richard Parnas
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
An on-line nonlinear receding horizon control algortithm is employed in order to achieve setpoint tracking targets in the context of liquid composite molding processes. The robustness of this control strategy against process-model deviations is tested. Finally, recursive parameter estimation is employed as a means of actively enhancing the performance of the process control algorithm. © 1998 AACC.
Determination Of The Tensile And Shear Strengths Of Screws And The Effect Of Screw Patterns On Cold-Formed Steel Connections, Marc Allen Sokol, Roger A. Laboube, Wei-Wen Yu
Determination Of The Tensile And Shear Strengths Of Screws And The Effect Of Screw Patterns On Cold-Formed Steel Connections, Marc Allen Sokol, Roger A. Laboube, Wei-Wen Yu
CCFSS Library (1939 - present)
PREFACE This report summarizes two studies related to the design of cold-formed steel connections. The study topics included the creation of a test standard for determining the strength of a screw, and the determination of the strength of a screw connection. A standard test protocol does not exist for determining the strength of a screw. Today, manufacturers use test protocols developed for their products. Thus, there is no consistency in defining the structural performance of a screw. A test standard has been developed. The standard used as its model the American Society of Testing and Material's F 606, Standard Test …
Powergraf: An Educational Software Package For Power Systems Analysis And Design, Tian Yane, Max Darwin Anderson
Powergraf: An Educational Software Package For Power Systems Analysis And Design, Tian Yane, Max Darwin Anderson
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
The purpose of PowerGraf is to present a graphical user interface (GUI) and a convenient tool for building one-line diagrams displaying data. The GUI is open and friendly for power systems design, analysis and control, because a picture provides a better illustration of cause-and-effect relationships than a tabular printout does. Basic elements such as buses, lines and transformers are given such that the power system topology is easily drawn with this tool, and the system parameters are entered on the picture and checked visually. This enables the power system topology and the system data to be shown on one picture …
An Image Model Based On Occluding Object Images And Maximum Entropy, John A. Stuller, Rahul Shah
An Image Model Based On Occluding Object Images And Maximum Entropy, John A. Stuller, Rahul Shah
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
This Paper Introduces a Statistical Image Model based on Occlusion and Maximum Entropy. the Statistical Model Combines a Fundamental Property of Image Formation, Occlusion, with Both Object-Image Shape and Nonuniform Object-Image Intensity. the Model is a Composition of Individual Object-Images that Have Random Positions, Shapes, and Intensities, and that Occlude Both Background and One Another. We Derive the Autocorrelation and Second-Order Probability Density Functions of This Model and Give Several Examples. © 1998 IEEE.
The Evolution Of Probability Functions In An Inelasticly Deforming Two-Phase Medium, Brent L. Adams, H. Garmestani, S. Lin
The Evolution Of Probability Functions In An Inelasticly Deforming Two-Phase Medium, Brent L. Adams, H. Garmestani, S. Lin
Faculty Publications
A formulation is introduced here for the evolution of correlation functions in an inelastically deforming two phase medium. Probability functions play a major role in describing the statistical distribution of different phases in a heterogeneous medium in the development of statistical continuum theory. Proper formulation of statistical continuum model for inelastic deformation requires better understanding of the evolution of the corresponding probability functions. A two point probability function representation is used to approximate the statistical correlation functions. The evolution of these functions requires the information from higher order probability functions, in this case, a three point probability function. A decomposition …
A Recursive Green's Function Method For Boundary Integral Analysis Of Inhomogeneous Domains, Jim D. Freeze, Michael A. Jensen
A Recursive Green's Function Method For Boundary Integral Analysis Of Inhomogeneous Domains, Jim D. Freeze, Michael A. Jensen
Faculty Publications
The recursive Green's function method (RGFM) for computation of fields scattered by two-dimensional (2-D) inhomogeneous dielectric bodies is presented. The algorithm efficiently constructs the Green's function for the inhomogeneous region by recursively combining known Green's functions from smaller subdomains. The fields on the scatterer surface are then computed using a boundary integral formulation. Proper implementation of the RGFM results in computational and storage complexities which scale as N1.5 and N, respectively, where N is the total number of discrete cells in a domain. Comparisons of results obtained using the RGFM with those computed from moment method and exact solutions show …
Registration Violations And The Use Of Optical Character Recognition Technology At Kentucky Weigh Stations, Jennifer R. Walton, Joseph D. Crabtree
Registration Violations And The Use Of Optical Character Recognition Technology At Kentucky Weigh Stations, Jennifer R. Walton, Joseph D. Crabtree
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
As a Model Deployment State for CVISN (Commercial Vehicle Information Systems and Networks), Kentucky is valuating and improving its procedures related to commercial vehicle administration and enforcement. As part of this effort, the Kentucky Transportation Center (KTC) was asked to investigate the frequency of registration-related violations at Kentucky weigh stations and the potential effectiveness of a license plate recognition (LPR) system in detecting and deterring such violations. Typical violations considered in the investigation included using an expired license plate, hauling weight in excess of the truck’s registered weight, or traveling in Kentucky without proper authority.
KTC researchers first examined Kentucky’s …
Probabilistic Life Cycle Cost Analysis Fhwa Demonstration Project Dp 115, R. Clark Graves, David L. Allen
Probabilistic Life Cycle Cost Analysis Fhwa Demonstration Project Dp 115, R. Clark Graves, David L. Allen
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
Kentucky has been involved in several projects relating to the development of a Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis procedures of pavement structures. Research projects have been conducted by the Kentucky Transportation Center dealing with development of a more robust LCC procedures for pavement analysis. A research project has also been conducted developing network level LCC procedures. These procedures are currently in the evaluation phase and have not been implemented into current Kentucky Transportation Cabinet procedures. Life Cycle Costs analysis is utilized on various projects throughout Kentucky to evaluate various pavement construction and rehabilitation alternatives.
This report will outline the current …
Seismic Evaluation Of The Ohio River Bridge On Us51 At Wickliffe, Kentucky, Issam E. Harik, Chelliah Madasamy, Denglin Chen, Leonong Zhou, Kevin Sutterer, Ron Street, David L. Allen
Seismic Evaluation Of The Ohio River Bridge On Us51 At Wickliffe, Kentucky, Issam E. Harik, Chelliah Madasamy, Denglin Chen, Leonong Zhou, Kevin Sutterer, Ron Street, David L. Allen
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
This report presents the of seismic evaluation of the Ohio river bridge on US51 at Wickliffe, Kentucky. The main bridge is a five-span single-deck cantilever through-truss type. The approach bridge has 21 spans on the Kentucky side and 6 spans on the Illinois side. Although this bridge has not yet been subjected to a moderate or major earthquake, it is situated within the influence of the New Madrid seismic zone.
The seismic evaluation program consists of field testing and seismic response analysis. The modal properties of the main bridge are determined through field testing, and are used to calibrate the …
Evaluation Of 93-Inch Corrugated Metal Culvert On Ky 693 And Us 23, Green-Up County, L. John Fleckenstein, Richard Reitenour, David L. Allen
Evaluation Of 93-Inch Corrugated Metal Culvert On Ky 693 And Us 23, Green-Up County, L. John Fleckenstein, Richard Reitenour, David L. Allen
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
No abstract provided.
What Can Humor And Advertising Teach Us About Legal Drafting?, Dallin D. Oaks, Jeremy Lewis
What Can Humor And Advertising Teach Us About Legal Drafting?, Dallin D. Oaks, Jeremy Lewis
Faculty Publications
In his book Legal Drafting in a Nutshell, Haggard includes a useful chapter of nearly 50 pages in which he lists various lexical and structural elements and explains how these can lead to ambiguous writing. The kind of inventory approach that he presents is helpful and reveals that ambiguity doesn't just happen but often results from the careless use of identifiable structures or particular words.
Evaluation Of Reference Markers, Jerry G. Pigman
Evaluation Of Reference Markers, Jerry G. Pigman
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
The objective of this research evaluation was to evaluate the reference markers which were installed on sections of interstates and freeways in the Cincinnati-northern Kentucky area, the Lexington-Fayette Urban County area, the Louisville-southern Indiana area, and the Indianapolis area. The evaluation was conducted to determine if the use of reference markers at spacings of 0.1 or 0.2-mile intervals could improve the effectiveness of the emergency response and incident management processes. Also evaluated were color of the markers and the placement location within the right-of-way. Both "'white on blue" and ''white on green" markers were installed on various projects, with some …
Integration Of Fault Tolerance And Hardware Redundancy Techniques Into The Design Of Mobile Platforms, Miguel Angel Espina
Integration Of Fault Tolerance And Hardware Redundancy Techniques Into The Design Of Mobile Platforms, Miguel Angel Espina
FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This work addresses the development of a fault-tolerant mobile platform. Fault-tolerant mechanical system design is an emerging technology that attempts to build highly reliable systems by incorporating hardware and software architectures. For this purpose, previous work in fault-tolerant were reviewed. Alternate architectures were evaluated to maximize the fault tolerance capabilities of the driving and steering systems of a mobile platform.
The literature review showed that most of the research work on fault tolerance has been done in the area of kinematics and control systems of robotic arms. Therefore, hardware redundancy and fault tolerance in mobile robots is an area to …
Asymptotic Decay Of Radius Of A Weakly Conductive Viscous Jet, A.F. Spivak, Yuris A. Dzenis
Asymptotic Decay Of Radius Of A Weakly Conductive Viscous Jet, A.F. Spivak, Yuris A. Dzenis
Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience: Faculty Publications
Motion of a weakly conductive viscous jet accelerated by an external electric field is considered. Nonlinear rheological constitutive equation applicable for polymer fluids (Oswald–deWaele law) is applied. A differential equation for the variation of jet radius with axial coordinate is derived. Asymptotic variation of the jet radius at large distances from the jet origin is analyzed. It is found that the well-known power-law asymptote for Newtonian fluids with the exponent 1/4 holds for more general class of fluids, i.e., pseudoplastic (shear thinning) and dilatant (shear thickening) fluids with the flow index between 0 and 2. Dilatant fluids with the flow …
Vacancy Clustering In Quenched Al-Li Solid Solution Alloys Studied By Doppler Broadening Spectroscopy, Hollis P. Leighly, P. G. Coleman
Vacancy Clustering In Quenched Al-Li Solid Solution Alloys Studied By Doppler Broadening Spectroscopy, Hollis P. Leighly, P. G. Coleman
Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
The clustering of vacancies in severely quenched Al-Li solid solution alloys, with Li content between 230 and 2760 ppm, has been studied using Doppler broadening spectroscopy. The alloy samples were initially annealed at 873 K in dry air or dry, pure nitrogen. The onset temperature for vacancy clustering in samples initially annealed in air was found to be 150 ± 10 K, 40 ± 15 K lower than for the nitrogen-annealed samples. This result is consistent with the migration of divacancies, formed as a result of the significant increase in vacancy concentration caused by Li migration to, and oxidation at, …
Fertigation Basics, Charles M. Burt
Fertigation Basics, Charles M. Burt
BioResource and Agricultural Engineering
Fertigation is widely practiced with drip irrigation, yet remains very unsophisticated. Major areas which need improvement are (i) making certain the irrigation system applies water with a high DU (uniformity), (ii) using proper injection pumps and protection hardware, (iii) recognizing that chemicals can interact with each other and with water to form precipitates which will clog emitters, (iv) understanding of nutrient ratios in plants and soil, (v) recognizing that nitrogen fertilization requires attention to the type of nitrogen, and (vi) developing programs for spoon-feeding chemicals. This paper covers the first 4 topics, plus discusses some specific fertilizers.
Specific Heat And Transport “Anomalies” In Mixed Alkali Glasses, Peter F. Green, Richard K. Brow, James J. Hudgens
Specific Heat And Transport “Anomalies” In Mixed Alkali Glasses, Peter F. Green, Richard K. Brow, James J. Hudgens
Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
We show that changes in the relative mole fractions of Li2O and Na2O in alkali metaphosphate glasses lead to “anomalies” in the specific heat and structural relaxations. The heat capacity change between the liquid and glassy states, Δcp(Tg), at the calorimetric glass transition temperature, Tg, exhibits a minimum when the mole fractions of Li2O and Na2O are comparable. Moreover, systematic changes in the temperature dependence of the viscosity, η, i.e., changes in the “fragility” of the system, accompany these changes in mole fraction. This observed dependence …
Model For Trace Metal Exposure In Filter-Feeding Flamingos At Alkaline Rift Valley Lake, Kenya, Yarrow M. Nelson, Ramesh J. Thampy, Gideon K. Motelin, Jackson A. Raini, Cynthia J. Disante, Leonard W. Lion
Model For Trace Metal Exposure In Filter-Feeding Flamingos At Alkaline Rift Valley Lake, Kenya, Yarrow M. Nelson, Ramesh J. Thampy, Gideon K. Motelin, Jackson A. Raini, Cynthia J. Disante, Leonard W. Lion
Civil and Environmental Engineering
Abstract—Toxic trace metals have been implicated as a potential cause of recent flamingo kills at Lake Nakuru, Kenya. Chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) have accumulated in the lake sediments as a result of unregulated discharges and because this alkaline lake has no natural outlet. Lesser flamingos (Phoeniconaias minor) at Lake Nakuru feed predominantly on the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis, and because of their filter-feeding mechanism, they are susceptible to exposure to particle-bound metals. Trace metal adsorption isotherms to lake sediments and S. platensis were obtained under simulated lake conditions, and a mathematical model was …