Engineering Commons^™

Selective Phenol Methylation To 2,6-Dimethylphenol In A Fluidized Bed Of Iron-Chromium Mixed Oxide Catalyst With O–Cresol Circulation, Witold Zukowski, Gabriela Berkowicz, Jerzy Baron, Stanisław Kandefer, Dariusz Jamanek, Stefan Szarlik, Zbigniew Wielgosz, Maria Zielecka

Witold Zukowski

Background 2,6-dimethylphenol (2,6-DMP) is a product of phenol methylation, especially important for the plastics industry. The process of phenol methylation in the gas phase is strongly exothermic. In order to ensure good temperature equalization in the catalyst bed, the process was carried out using a catalyst in the form of a fluidized bed - in particular, the commercial iron-chromium catalyst TZC-3/1. Results Synthesis of 2,6-dimethylphenol from phenol and methanol in fluidized bed of iron-chromium catalyst was carried out and the fluidization of the catalyst was examined. Stable state of fluidized bed of iron-chromium catalyst was achieved. The measured velocities allowed …

Conversion Of Nitrogen Compounds Into Nitrogen Oxides During Combustion In A Fluidised Bed Reactor, Witold Zukowski, Beata Kowarska

Witold Zukowski

Combustion processes of alternative fuels with high nitrogen content can cause nitrogen oxides emission which is unacceptable from an environmental and legal point of view. Reactions of nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia or heterocyclic compounds, are complex and there is a lack of specialized complete knowledge about them. This paper reports processes of propane combustion in a fluidized bed reactor without and with ammonia or pyridine addition into the reaction zone, especially nitrogen compound conversion into NxOy. Ammonia is converted into NxOy up to 78%, and pyridine up to 93%. The main product of their reactions is NO (average 97%). Residual …

The Choice Of The Fraction Of Iron-Chromium Catalyst Powder Providing The Correct Fluidization Process, Jerzy Baron, Gabriela Berkowicz, Stanisław Kandefer, Witold Zukowski, Stefan Szarlik, Maria Zielecka, Wielgosz Zbigniew, Dariusz Jamanek

Witold Zukowski

Introduction

The synthesis in the fluid-bed catalytic reactor provides high efficiency by maximum use of surface of the catalyst. Iron-chromium catalyst is characterized by high activity and selectivity, that make it such an attractive bed for fluidized-bed reactor. The choice of the appropriate fraction of the catalyst is necessary to ensure a proper organization of fluid flow.

EXPERIMENTAL PART

The study involved three types of iron-chromium catalyst:catalysts DJ/6 and DJ/7 (are synthetized by Industrial Chemistry Research Institute in Warsaw) and TZC-3/1 catalyst (are produced in Zakłady Azotowe in Tarnowie -Moscicach S.A.). The studies also involved different fractions, which were obtained …