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Articles 1 - 30 of 40
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Preliminary Thermal And Stress Analysis Of An Electrical Connection Acting As A Thermal Dam On A Nitinol Wire, Lloyd D. Balfour Jr
Preliminary Thermal And Stress Analysis Of An Electrical Connection Acting As A Thermal Dam On A Nitinol Wire, Lloyd D. Balfour Jr
All ETDs from UAB
The type of actuator studied in this paper is a joule heated shape memory alloy (SMA) thermal actuator. The electrical connections of the actuator electrically partition the SMA in a binary fashion with the section either fully actuated or not. This method creates a digital actuator rather than an analog actuator. Heat from an energized partitioned section will conduct to adjacent partition sections which may partially activate the adjacent partitioned sections. The connections will act as heat sinks to mitigate this effect. The thermal SMA actuator is referred to as a Diginol actuator. This paper includes the thermal analysis of …
Efficiency Of Structurally Integrated Surface Articulation (Sisa) Panels For Structural Engineering Applications, Feyza Nur Yildirim
Efficiency Of Structurally Integrated Surface Articulation (Sisa) Panels For Structural Engineering Applications, Feyza Nur Yildirim
All ETDs from UAB
The objective of this project is to investigate the efficiency of a newly developed structurally integrated surface articulation (SISA) building system for encapsulating an extensive range of specific and multi-purpose functions such as exterior panels for buildings and solar panels for structural engineering applications. SISA is a modular system, consisting of a 3-space, dynamically configured, geometrically need renewal surface panels that are internally supported by a "wire-frame" space frame structure. The appropriate articulations to these different methods will vary from one element to another. Surface articulation development is an efficiently developing issue, especially in continuing research on new generational frame …
A Computational Approach To Analyze Vortex Induced Vibration For A Flexible Riser, Ibrahim Bilgin
A Computational Approach To Analyze Vortex Induced Vibration For A Flexible Riser, Ibrahim Bilgin
All ETDs from UAB
ABSTRACT Vortex shedding is an oscillating flow behind blunt bodies when fluid flows past it. One of the consequences of vortex shedding is the vortex-induced vibrations (VIV), which happens in numerous engineering structures such as bridge, heat exchangers, marine cables, electrical power lines, and risers in petroleum production. A critical application of VIV is the risers used in petroleum industries, which connects between sea surface and sea base. A failure of risers and platforms can result in enormous economic and catastrophic environmental problems. Therefore, understanding VIV is essential to estimate fatigue damage of the offshore systems. This thesis describes a …
Centrifugal Microfluidics For Label-Free Isolation Of Leukocytes Subpopulations From Whole Blood, Yuxi Sun
Centrifugal Microfluidics For Label-Free Isolation Of Leukocytes Subpopulations From Whole Blood, Yuxi Sun
All ETDs from UAB
Leukocytes carry critical information regarding the immediate immune and inflammation status of the patients. Analysis of leukocytes requires isolation from blood since the leukocytes only consist <1% of all blood cells. Commonly used isolation processes exploit physical or biochemical differences between different cell types to enable separations. Current isolation methods inevitably subject cells to physical or biochemical stress that can activate leukocytes and change their natural state. Thus, information contained within isolated leukocytes is a combination of the natural state of the cell and an artifact of the isolation process. Microfluidics which takes advantage of scaling effects within microscale structures can ensure rapid and gentle alternatives to conventional isolation methods and is ideal for sorting, and analysis of cells and particles. The precise control of flow/particles and scaling effects of microfluidics have been applied for blood cells sorting and isolation. However, the limited processing capability and throughput as well as complex fabrication and operations have hampered widespread adoption of these approaches for replacement of conventional methods. My goal was to develop a simple yet powerful microfluidic tool that enables rapid separation of leukocytes while ensuring sufficient throughput, and minimizing isolation process induced activation without the need any sample pre-processing. This project is divided into two specific aims: i) to miniaturize the conventional density gradient centrifugation using centrifugal microfluidics for PBMC isolation and evaluate separation efficiency and activation status of isolated cells in comparison to conventional techniques; ii) develop new approach for PBMC sorting using microfluidic phase partitioning to enable separation of cells based on differences in cell surface energy. For specific aim 1, PBMCs were isolated based on differences in densities using microfluidic density gradient centrifugation. We show that PBMCs can be isolated from 100µl whole blood within 5 minutes. Evaluation of leukocyte activation via profiling of expression of surface integrins and chemokine receptors shows that our microfluidic approach significantly reduced PBMC activation in comparison to conventional isolation approaches. In specific aim 2, we sought to isolate cells based on differenced in surface energy using two-phase partitioning of dextran (DEX) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). Proof of concept demonstrations was accomplished using with polystyrene and silicon dioxide microbeads which represent a mixture of white blood cells and red blood cells. The DEX and PEG mixtures were introduced into a circular channel and phase separated under centrifugal force into unique DEX and PEG phases. The bead mixture was isolated via differences in their affinity to the two phases.
Endothelialization Of Microchannels In A Three Dimensional Breast Cancer Tumor Surrogate Model, Derek Van Vessem
Endothelialization Of Microchannels In A Three Dimensional Breast Cancer Tumor Surrogate Model, Derek Van Vessem
All ETDs from UAB
Drug discovery and testing commonly employs two dimensional (2D) human cell line monolayers for lead compound identification before becoming a candidate therapy to be studied in animal models. Culturing cells in 2D produces a homogenous disbursement of nutrients and anticancer-therapeutics resulting in a response specific to 2D that does not necessarily translate to a three dimensional (3D) response. This method unfortunately distorts the in vivo human drug response. The lack of physiologic dimensionality in 2D cell monolayers distort cellular responses relative to 3D systems that can be attributed to minimal drug approvals. Oncology drugs are the least successful with only …
Geometry- And Image-Based Methods For Analyzing Metal Casting Process Features, William Warriner
Geometry- And Image-Based Methods For Analyzing Metal Casting Process Features, William Warriner
All ETDs from UAB
There are no known visual software tools relating metal casting geometry directly to features of the casting process. Solidification simulations do not explicitly disclose defect locations and do not generate rigging geometry. Having geometry-based process feature models would enable cast component designers to improve castability before production. Such models would also allow for a greater degree of workflow automation in casting process optimization. Three papers are written which develop geometry-based process feature models for analysis of metal castings. The first paper explores the relationship between component geometry and solidification order and demonstrates how to rapidly estimate hotspot locations using a …
Drive-By Bridge Damage Inspection And Monitoring, Ahmed Elhattab
Drive-By Bridge Damage Inspection And Monitoring, Ahmed Elhattab
All ETDs from UAB
Recently, drive-by bridge inspection has become an intriguing topic in the bridge health monitoring domain. The technique utilizes indirect measurements from the suspension system of a vehicle passes over the bridge to infer the bridge structural health condition. A number of studies have given confidence, hypothetically, in the feasibility of the approach in detecting, quantifying and localizing the damage. However, there is a scarcity of work investigating the fidelity of this technique to full-scale field applications. Whereas the wide number of uncertainties that governs the vehicle bridge interaction dynamics could significantly impact hypothetical techniques when applied in the field, the …
Modeling And Experimental Study Of Fluid Dynamics Of Sand Granular Flow For Core Making, Jun Ge
Modeling And Experimental Study Of Fluid Dynamics Of Sand Granular Flow For Core Making, Jun Ge
All ETDs from UAB
Sand core making is one of the essential parts of the manufacturing process in the metal casting industry. Blowing a sand granule mixture on the core machine determines the quality of the core. This filling process under air pressure can be simulated with commercial numerical packages for granular flow modeling. However, many areas are still unclear for further establishing the numerical-to-practical correlation in industrial-scale processes where specific granule materials and conditions are presented. Continuum and discrete approach are popular methodologies to simulate granular flow. In continuum method, coefficient of restitution (COR) is introduced as a scalar parameter to represents the …
Role Of Diminished Pulsatility From Continous Flow Ventricular Assist Devices On Small Vessel Endothelial Dysfunction, Thomas Haglund
Role Of Diminished Pulsatility From Continous Flow Ventricular Assist Devices On Small Vessel Endothelial Dysfunction, Thomas Haglund
All ETDs from UAB
Ventricular assist devices (VADs) are standard therapy for patients with advanced heart failure that is refractory to medical therapy. VADs can be categorized as pulsatile flow VADs (PF-VADs) and continuous flow VADs (CF-VADs). Both PF-VADs and CF-VADs are similarly effective in providing hemodynamic benefit and improving the quality of life and functional capacity of patients. CF-VADs are preferred over the PF-VADs due to advantages such as compact size, reliability, energy efficiency, installation and operation. However, CF-VAD support results in non-physiological diminished arterial pressure and flow pulsatility. Using the endothelial cell culture model (ECCM), we previously established that diminished pulsatility resulted …
Effects Of Stored Red Blood Cells On The Components Of The Lung-Capillary Membrane, Kaitlyn S. Ryan
Effects Of Stored Red Blood Cells On The Components Of The Lung-Capillary Membrane, Kaitlyn S. Ryan
All ETDs from UAB
Trauma is the leading cause of death for Americans between the ages of 1 and 44. Implementation of massive transfusion protocols has improved early mortality due to traumatic hemorrhage; however, long-term complication rates associated with hemorrhagic shock remain high due to the development of multiple organ failure. In particular, resuscitation with large volumes of stored red blood cells (RBC) introduces high concentrations of free heme, which contributes to the development of acute lung injury (ALI) after trauma. Angiopoietin-2 (Agpt-2) is a mediator of trauma-related lung injury, but the effect of RBC storage-derived free heme on Agpt-2 regulation is unknown. The …
Characterization And Mechanical Evaluation Of Discontinuous Carbon Fiber Based Liquid Molded Nylon-6 Composites, Siddhartha Brahma
Characterization And Mechanical Evaluation Of Discontinuous Carbon Fiber Based Liquid Molded Nylon-6 Composites, Siddhartha Brahma
All ETDs from UAB
The Anionic Ring Opening Polymerization (AROP) of caprolactam to form polyamide-6 (PA6) or liquid molding for polyamide-6 (LMPA6) presents the opportunity for a new class of composite materials with excellent performance and wide applicability from automotive, energy, transportation, and aerospace. Despite the inherent advantages with the process, industrial adoption is virtually nonexistent. Additionally, the growing trend of reclaiming fibers can also be coupled with this process with relative ease. The following work will evaluate the liquid molding process, particularly for the use of recycled or reclaimed carbon fibers, in the following ways. First, the adaptability of the process to use …
A Unified Method For The Design Of Circular Bolted Flange Plate Connections, Pratima Chitrakar
A Unified Method For The Design Of Circular Bolted Flange Plate Connections, Pratima Chitrakar
All ETDs from UAB
The use of steel tubular structures for transmission and distribution poles is increasing widely in the U.S as they are easy to construct and install, require less land space and has aesthetic benefits. In these steel tubular structures, the use of bolted flange plate connection is common. The bolted flange-plate connection is used to connect tubular element and transfer load from one element to the other and then to the foundation. The size and thickness of flange-plate connection depend on the applied loads, number of bolts and material type. For the industrial manufacturing purpose, the simplified and unified design method …
Multi-Generation Modeling Based On A Natural Gas Driven Internal Combustion Engine, Nnamdi Gabriel Okafor
Multi-Generation Modeling Based On A Natural Gas Driven Internal Combustion Engine, Nnamdi Gabriel Okafor
All ETDs from UAB
Science and technological advancement, environmental pollution, government policies and rising energy costs have long since begun redefining the way power is generated, distributed and utilized. Considering the much higher standards relative to common practices, distributed energy power generation has proven to be a viable alternative to centralized power generation due to the many advantages such as energy generation and control independence, lower greenhouse emissions and significant reduction in transmission losses. This research considers a natural gas-powered internal combustion engine with trigeneration capabilities or combined cooling heating and power (CCHP) as well as renewable energy incorporation including solar panels and possibly …
Progress Towards The Study Of Self-Repaired Nanocomposites: Generating Single Chirality Species Of Metallic Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes, Chunxu Chen
All ETDs from UAB
This thesis is dedicated to exploring the separation technique of single wall carbon nanotube (SWNTs). Limited by the commercial synthesis method and required by the self-repaired nanocomposites project, the SWNTs was separated by length and chirality. In length separation, the density gradient ultracentrifugation (DGU) technique was applied. We have optimized the processing procedure for sorting single wall carbon nanotubes by length. A good length distribution was obtained from ~600nm to ~60 nm by layers. A new approach, aqueous two-phase separation (ATPS), was used for metallic-semiconducting separation of SWNTs. We studied the surfactants’ influence in a two-phase system, polyethylene glycol (PEG) …
An Interdisciplinary Model For The Development Of Alabama Oil Sands, Daniel Edward Smith
An Interdisciplinary Model For The Development Of Alabama Oil Sands, Daniel Edward Smith
All ETDs from UAB
In July 2013, a memorandum of understanding (MOU) was signed by the Governors of the states of Alabama and Mississippi to jointly conduct a comprehensive geologic, engineering, and legal assessment of oil sands resources associated with the Hartselle Sandstone formation including the identification of environmental best practices associated with developing these resources. Pursuant to the MOU, the Geological Survey of Alabama (GSA) began a limited geological evaluation of the potential development of Alabama’s oil sand resources. This dissertation compliments those GSA efforts by identifying and assessing environmental and social sustainability risks associated with the potential development of Alabama’s oil sands …
Characterization Of Top Three Nonfatal Occupational Injuries, 2012-2014, Levent Onat
Characterization Of Top Three Nonfatal Occupational Injuries, 2012-2014, Levent Onat
All ETDs from UAB
Characterization of nonfatal occupational contact with object or equipment injuries, falls on same level injuries, and overexertion injuries involving outside sources that are considered as the top three occupational injuries comprise this study. The injury data from 2012 to 2014 have been obtained from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System - Occupational Supplement (NEISS-Work) which collects the data from a national probability-based sample of U.S. Hospital Emergency Departments (EDs). The data for selected variables were queried for the three most-occurring injury categories by using Work-Related Injury Statistics Query System (WORK-RISQS). Worker demographics and their impacts on injury characteristics have been …
Thermal-Mechanical Precast Concrete Panels Comprised Of Hybrid-Polymerized Sandwich Interfaces For High-Impact Projectile Resistance, Hector R. Orozco Avalos
Thermal-Mechanical Precast Concrete Panels Comprised Of Hybrid-Polymerized Sandwich Interfaces For High-Impact Projectile Resistance, Hector R. Orozco Avalos
All ETDs from UAB
In this study, the thermal resistance, flexural behavior, and impact resistance via hurricane impact loads of two-wythe precast concrete composite sandwich beams comprised of an intermediate carbon-fiber epoxy inter-facially bonded to a dual Hybrid Matrix Composite (HMC) were investigated as an affordable alternative for enhancing thermal and mechanical (debris-impact and flexural) properties. The study is a precursor to the design of Precast Concrete Sandwich Panels (PCSP). HMC is a chemical reaction between a thermosetting epoxy network and a fast-setting, yet highly reactive, isocyanate-amine system at a pre-polymerized stage. The interfacial reaction of HMC is a function of epoxy curing kinetics, …
Bioprocess Development For Novel Anti-Cancer Therapies And High Value Biochemical, Jianfa Ou
Bioprocess Development For Novel Anti-Cancer Therapies And High Value Biochemical, Jianfa Ou
All ETDs from UAB
Cancer treatment is one of the most daunting challenges of human health improvement. Bioprocess development, or biomanufacturing, is an important step in anti-cancer therapy developments. Novel surface receptors were revealed by integrating proteomics data and live-cell characterization, and were used for antibody design with improved specific targeting. A high titer (>2 g/L) of monoclonal antibody (mAb) was produced by Chinese hamster ovary cells from fed-batch cell culture. Live-cell confocal microscopy imaging and flow cytometry analysis demonstrated the strong and specific binding of the produced mAb to cancer cell lines. The cancer treatment effect of mAb was enhanced through the …
Multimodal Imaging In Schizophrenia, Kristin Lottman
Multimodal Imaging In Schizophrenia, Kristin Lottman
All ETDs from UAB
Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous psychiatric disorder that affects approximately 1% of the population. Due to its heterogeneity, critical gaps in knowledge about the disorder persist as the underlying neural mechanisms and etiology remain poorly understood. In order to fill this gap in knowledge, identification of an imaging biomarker characteristic of schizophrenia’s pathophysiology is critical in not only furthering understanding of the disorder, but also improving patient prognosis and outcome. Attempts toward filling this critical gap in knowledge and thus uncovering the neurobiological basis of schizophrenia are continually being made with neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies. The primary objective of this dissertation …
Characterization Of Directionally Solidified Cast Iron, Subhojit Chakraborty
Characterization Of Directionally Solidified Cast Iron, Subhojit Chakraborty
All ETDs from UAB
Cast iron solidifies with various morphologies of the graphite phase, which directly influences its mechanical behavior. Hence, it is crucial to control the graphite morphol- ogy in order to tailor the properties of the iron to specific applications. This makes it crucial to understand the effect of solidification velocity and composition, the two main factors affecting graphite morphology. To study the influence of velocity and composi- tion, particularly nodularizing elements (Mg) and cerium (Ce), a number of batches of iron were produced. The majority of analysis was conducted on those batches where the carbon equivalent was very close to the …
Sleep Transistors Aided Side-Channel Analysis For Hardware Trojan Detection, Lin Yi
Sleep Transistors Aided Side-Channel Analysis For Hardware Trojan Detection, Lin Yi
All ETDs from UAB
Modern integrated circuits (ICs) are vulnerable due to the emergence of Hardware Trojans (HTs). The semiconductor industry has been split into several sections caused by the market demand. This trend increased the risk that ICs could be embedded with Trojans for malicious purpose. Hardware Trojan (HT) is an extra circuity, which carried malicious functions. Hardware Trojan can be tiny-size and stealthy to detect, due to their sophisticated design and rare activation. Detecting methodologies are mainly focused on three directions: Supply chain phase detection, Run time phase detection and Design phase detection. Recently, most of the researchers trend to utilize logic …
Diginol: A Joule-Heated Binary-Partitioned Nitinol Actuator, Martin Dawson Holland
Diginol: A Joule-Heated Binary-Partitioned Nitinol Actuator, Martin Dawson Holland
All ETDs from UAB
New and innovative robotic designs are always needed in both research and commercial fields. To that end, new and innovative actuators are needed as well. In this paper, a digitally controlled Nitinol actuator, Diginol, is proposed. Diginol is a Nitinol actuator that uses Joule heating to individually activate partitions of a length of Nitinol. The lengths of the partitions follow a base-2 pattern, minimizing the number of partitions required for a given number of actuation lengths. Activating separate partitions instead of the entire length of Nitinol circumvents the need to account for the hysteresis and nonlinearities inherent in the transformation …
Utilization And Environmental Durability Of Advanced Composite Design Of Seismic Foundation For All-Soil Site Classes, Qian Huang
All ETDs from UAB
Three bridge sites in Alabama are investigated for potential seismic-foundation retrofit. A new seismic foundation method that uses Fiber Reinforcement Polymer (FRP) to strengthen the head of pile (FSHP) is proposed. Two FRP specifically, Carbon-Fiber Reinforced Hybrid-Polymer-Matrix Composite (CHMC) and Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP), are used in this new seismic retrofit method. Finite Element Seismic simulation (FEM) is used to examine the seismic retrofit performance of bridge foundation. Both CHMC and CFRP FSHP retrofitted piles are shown to survive the design-earthquake, but it is shown that CHMC, which is a wrap / epoxy / spray-on material, provides markedly better …
Novel Anti-Cancer Therapy Development Using Omics Guided Rational Cell Process Engineering, Ningning Xu
Novel Anti-Cancer Therapy Development Using Omics Guided Rational Cell Process Engineering, Ningning Xu
All ETDs from UAB
Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality globally, and multiple anti-cancer therapies have been developed and applied over last few decades. Antibody-based cancer therapies have been on one of the most exciting and promising therapeutic strategies. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can control the progression of cancers via targeted binding to the specific antigen of tumors to trigger an immune response, target and block the signaling pathway involved in cancer progression, or deliver cytotoxic agents into tumors. Two chimeric/humanized monoclonal antibodies (anti-HER2 mAb and anti-CD 20 mAb) with higher efficacy were successfully expressed in engineered Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells (CHO). …
Edge-Wave Formation During Multi-Stand Tube Mill Operation, Daniel Lerew
Edge-Wave Formation During Multi-Stand Tube Mill Operation, Daniel Lerew
All ETDs from UAB
Cold-Formed (CF), High-Frequency (HF), Electric-Resistance-Welded (ERW) tubing is manufactured using a continuous roll forming process where a flat steel strip is progressively formed into a round which is then passed through an induction coil to be heated prior to having the heated edges forged to make a weld. A somewhat common issue, particularly as the thickness decreases and outside dimension increases, is an elastic edge wave that ultimately sets into a plastically deformed strip edge that cannot be successfully joined into a welded tube. Many variables can cause or exacerbate this effect including strip not centered in the mill, significant …
Design And Development Of An Affordable Telemetry System For Navigation Of Autonomous Vehicle, An Liu
Design And Development Of An Affordable Telemetry System For Navigation Of Autonomous Vehicle, An Liu
All ETDs from UAB
Nearly 1.3 million people die in road crashes each year, which is on average 3,287 deaths a day. An addition to the death toll, another 20-50 million are injured or disabled [1]. These are the huge deal of damage to the human’s body. Therefore, in this thesis, we implement autonomous navigation and find the safe path for travel, in which the vehicle can find the most feasible path and drive along this path independently. In order to gain insight and have an opportunity to investigate further on autonomous vehicles field, we define the aim of this project to design, develop, …
Inception Of A Cellulose Nitrate-Layered Silicate Nanocomposite Coating: Study Of The Formulation Procedure, Degree Of Dispersion, Coating Properties, And Uv Stability, Precious Mitchell
Inception Of A Cellulose Nitrate-Layered Silicate Nanocomposite Coating: Study Of The Formulation Procedure, Degree Of Dispersion, Coating Properties, And Uv Stability, Precious Mitchell
All ETDs from UAB
Cellulose nitrate lacquer is a coating system that is used in the conservation of silver art pieces in museums. This coating degrades prematurely in the presence of extensive light exposure, which is prominent in display cases, thus comprising the surface of the art piece. When facing this fact, it is imperative to create a new polymer coating system with an in-crease in barrier properties so that the life expectancy of the coating increases. The synthesis of a cellulose nitrate-layered silicate nanocomposite coating stands to enhance the barrier properties of cellulose nitrate through proper dispersion of layered silicates. A proper formulation …
Through Thickness Property Variations Of Compression Molded Long Glass Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene With Different Thicknesses, Vikas Patel
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Composite materials are on the verge of becoming primary materials choices for many applications due to their promising features of achieving high strength and stiffness and lightweighting of many components. Thermoplastic matrix composites have been gaining favor due to their superior toughness and energy dissipation properties coupled with corrosion resistance and ease of processing. Long fiber thermoplastics (LFTs) are a class of composites, which contain discontinuous reinforcements at a length above the critical fiber length for efficient load transfer to the reinforcement. These materials are gaining steady favor due to their positive aspects of tailorable properties, intrinsic recyclability, high specific …
The Biomimetic Cardiac Tissue Model, Aaron Joseph Rogers
The Biomimetic Cardiac Tissue Model, Aaron Joseph Rogers
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Every year about 735,000 Americans will suffer a heart attack and 1 in 4 will end up dying from heart disease. Study of this disease has been impacted by the limited availability of appropriate human cell types. The discovery of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and development of protocols to differentiate these cells into cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) has enabled study into this disease free from ethical dilemma, and reliance on animal models. Unfortunately, hiPSC-CMs are immature in nature and closely resemble fetal or neonatal cardiomyocytes. We hypothesized that hemodynamic stimuli, missing from static cultures, would allow us to mature hiPSC-CMs …
Modeling And Analysis Of Iot Systems Using Shannon's Channel Model, Anthony G. Winchester
Modeling And Analysis Of Iot Systems Using Shannon's Channel Model, Anthony G. Winchester
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The Internet of Things (IoT) is a ubiquitous technology that can mark the evolution of modern world. Since the internet has become a common household resource like the land line was in the past, it is time to take technology to the next level. With the manipulation of signals, we now have the use of wireless devices that are connected to various devices (both wireless and wired). The idea is to not only engineer devices that connect to the web, but also make them smart using processors embedded in devices coupled with internet to provide an intelligent system. Our research …