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Articles 1 - 30 of 32
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
A Unified Perspective On Traffic Flow Theory. Part Iii: Validation And Benchmarking, Daiheng Ni, Haizhong Wang
A Unified Perspective On Traffic Flow Theory. Part Iii: Validation And Benchmarking, Daiheng Ni, Haizhong Wang
Daiheng Ni
Over more than half a century, traffic flow theorists have been pursuing two goals: (1) simple and efficient models to abstract vehicular traffic flow and (2) a unified framework in which existing traffic flow models fit and relate to each other. Continuing these efforts, we report our humble understanding in a trio of papers. The first paper (Part I) introduced a Field Theory with an emphasis on traffic flow modeling at the microscopic level. The second paper (Part II) uses the Field Theory as a framework to relate existing microscopic and macroscopic models to each other and summarizes the relations …
A Unified Perspective On Traffic Flow Theory. Part I: The Field Theory, Daiheng Ni
A Unified Perspective On Traffic Flow Theory. Part I: The Field Theory, Daiheng Ni
Daiheng Ni
Over more than half a century, traffic flow theorists have been pursuing two goals: (1) simple and efficient models to abstract vehicular traffic flow and (2) a unified framework in which existing traffic flow models fit and relate to each other. Continuing these efforts, we report our humble understanding in a trio of papers. This paper (Part I) introduces a Field Theory with an emphasis on traffic flow modeling at the microscopic level. In this theory, highways and vehicles are perceived as a field by a subject driver whose driving strategy is to navigate through the field along its valley. …
Cyber-Physical Integration To Connect Vehicles For Transformed Transportation Safety And Efficiency, Daiheng Ni, Hong Liu Liu, Wei Ding, Yuanchang Xie, Honggang Wang, Hossein Pishro-Nik, Qian Yu
Cyber-Physical Integration To Connect Vehicles For Transformed Transportation Safety And Efficiency, Daiheng Ni, Hong Liu Liu, Wei Ding, Yuanchang Xie, Honggang Wang, Hossein Pishro-Nik, Qian Yu
Daiheng Ni
In this paper, we explore a distributed cyber-physical solution using connected vehicle technology (CVtech) to substantially mitigate transportation systems' safety and efficiency problems. Future vehicles, by communicating with other vehicles (V-V), roadside infrastructures (V-R), and personal com-munication devices (V-P), will adapt to the external regional environment and consequently avoid collisions and congestion. We proposes to seamlessly int e-grate networked and embedded sensing, computational intelligence, and real - time communication (cyber) into transportation infrastructure including veh i- cles and roadsides (physical) to facilitate self - organization and system coordin a- tion. Specifically, this research addresses two specific t hemes: Foundations by …
Driver Dynamics And The Longitudinal Control Model (Paper # 12-0235), Gabriel Leiner, Chaoqun Jia, Daiheng Ni, John D. Leonard
Driver Dynamics And The Longitudinal Control Model (Paper # 12-0235), Gabriel Leiner, Chaoqun Jia, Daiheng Ni, John D. Leonard
Daiheng Ni
Driver psychology is one of the most difficult phenomena to model in the realm of traffic flow theory because mathematics often cannot ca pture the human factors involved with driving a car. Over the past several decades, many models have attempted to m odel driver aggressiveness with varied results. The recently proposed Longitudinal Contro l Model (LCM) makes such attempt, and this paper offers evidence of the LCM's usefulness in modeling road dynamics by analyzing decel eration rates that are commonly associated with various levels of aggression displayed by drivers. The paper is roughly divided into three sections, one outlining …
Driver Traffic Speed Variance Modeling With Application In Travel Time Variability Estimation (Paper # 12-2618), Haizhong Wang, Zhixia Li, David S. Hurwitz, Daiheng Ni
Driver Traffic Speed Variance Modeling With Application In Travel Time Variability Estimation (Paper # 12-2618), Haizhong Wang, Zhixia Li, David S. Hurwitz, Daiheng Ni
Daiheng Ni
Traffic speed variance is defined as a measure of the dispersion of space mean speeds among drivers. Empirical speed-density observations exhibit a structured traffic speed vari-ance which has been found to be associated to the road accident rate, the fatality rate, and travel time variability. The objective of this paper is to propose a generalized traffic speed variance function to describe this structured variance and identify its potential applications. In nature, the proposed speed variance function is a response of the speed-density curve with two additional parameters. A series of logistic speed-density curve with varying parameters is used in the …
Vehicle Longitudinal Control And Traffic Stream Modeling (Paper # 12-0156), Daiheng Ni, John D. Leonard, Gabriel Leiner, Chaoqun Jia
Vehicle Longitudinal Control And Traffic Stream Modeling (Paper # 12-0156), Daiheng Ni, John D. Leonard, Gabriel Leiner, Chaoqun Jia
Daiheng Ni
A simple yet efficient traffic flow model, in particular one that describes vehicle longitudinal operational control and further characterizes traffic flow fundamental diagram, is always of great interest to many. Though many models have been proposed in the past, each with their own advantages, research in this area is far from conclusive. This paper contributes a new model, i.e., the longitudinal control model (LCM), to the arsenal with a unique set of properties. The model is suited for a variety of transportation applications, among which a concrete example is provided herein.
A Methodology To Estimate Capacity Impact Due To Connected Vehicle Technology, Daiheng Ni, Jia Li, Steven Andrews, Haizhong Wang
A Methodology To Estimate Capacity Impact Due To Connected Vehicle Technology, Daiheng Ni, Jia Li, Steven Andrews, Haizhong Wang
Daiheng Ni
Recent development in connected vehicle technology or equivalently vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) has stimulated tremendous interests among decision makers, practitioners, and researchers due to the potential safety and mobility benefits provided by these technologies. A primary concern regarding the deployment of connected vehicle technology is the degree of market penetration required for effectiveness. This paper proposes a methodology to analyze the benefit of highway capacity gained from connected vehicle technology. To fulfill this purpose, a model incorporating the effects of connected vehicle technology on car following is formulated, building on which a rough estimate of the resulting capacity gain …
Multiscale Modeling Of Traffic Flow, Daiheng Ni
Multiscale Modeling Of Traffic Flow, Daiheng Ni
Daiheng Ni
This paper presents a broad perspective on traffic flow modeling at a spectrum of four scales. Modeling objective and model properties at each scale are discussed and existing efforts are reviewed. In order to ensure modeling consistency and provide a microscopic basis for macroscopic models, it is critical to address the coupling among models at different scales, i.e. how less detailed models are derived from more detailed models and, conversely, how more detailed models are aggregated to less detailed models. With this understanding, a consistent modeling approach is proposed based on field theory and modeling strategies at each of the …
The Effect Of Intellidrive On The Efficiency Of Highway Transportation Systems, Mohammad Nekoui, Hossein Pishro-Nik, Daiheng Ni
The Effect Of Intellidrive On The Efficiency Of Highway Transportation Systems, Mohammad Nekoui, Hossein Pishro-Nik, Daiheng Ni
Daiheng Ni
Recently, the IntelliDrive initiative has been proposed by the US Department of Transportation (USDOT) to enhance on-road safety and efficiency. In this study, we provide a mathematical framework which predicts the effect of such technologies on the efficiency of multilane highway systems prior to their real-life deployment. Our study shall encompass mixed traffic conditions in which a variety of assisted, automated and unequipped vehicles coexist. We show that intervehicular communications improves the flow of vehicles by reducing the perception-reaction (P-R) times of drivers and, in some cases, allowing for more efficient lane-changing operations. As we shall see, unlike the latter, …
A Spectrum Of Traffic Flow Modeling At Multiple Scales, Daiheng Ni
A Spectrum Of Traffic Flow Modeling At Multiple Scales, Daiheng Ni
Daiheng Ni
his paper presents a broad perspective on traffic flow modeling at a spectrum of four scales. Modeling objectives and model properties at each scale are discussed and existing efforts are reviewed. In order to ensure modeling consistency and provide a microscopic basis for macroscopic models, it is critical to address the coupling among models at different scales, i.e. how less detailed models are derived from more detailed models and, conversely, how more detailed models are aggregated to less detailed models. With this understanding, a consistent modeling approach is proposed based on field theory and modeling strategies at each of the …
Preliminary Estimate Of Highway Capacity Benefit Attainable With Intellidrive Technologies, Daiheng Ni, Jia Li, Steven Andrews, Haizhong Wang
Preliminary Estimate Of Highway Capacity Benefit Attainable With Intellidrive Technologies, Daiheng Ni, Jia Li, Steven Andrews, Haizhong Wang
Daiheng Ni
Recent development in IntelliDrive and associated Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) has stimulated tremendous interests among decision-makers, practitioners, and researchers due to the potential safety and mobility benefits provided by these technologies. A primary concern regarding the deployment of IntelliDrive is degree of market penetration required for effectiveness. This paper proposes an approach to analyze the benefit of highway capacity gained from IntelliDrive. To fulfill this purpose, a model incorporating the effects of IntelliDrive on car following is formulated, based on which a rough estimate of the resulting capacity gain is derived. A simulation study is conducted to verify the …
Scenario-Based Analysis Of Transportation Impacts In Case Of Dam Failure Flood Evacuation In Franklin County, Massachusetts (Paper # 10-1352), Haizhong Wang, Steven Andrews, John Collura, Daiheng Ni
Scenario-Based Analysis Of Transportation Impacts In Case Of Dam Failure Flood Evacuation In Franklin County, Massachusetts (Paper # 10-1352), Haizhong Wang, Steven Andrews, John Collura, Daiheng Ni
Daiheng Ni
Emergency planning is an important practice that allows government officials and planners to prepare for disasters and to make prompt response s that can save lives and property . One of the foremost concern s during an emergency is to save as many lives as possible. Thus, whethe r people can leave the disaster areas safely and efficiently is a prime consideration in emergency planning and management. Usually, transportation planners use a four - step model to predict sy s- tem - level performance regarding how people move from on e place to another , and to determine the network …
Representing The Fundamental Diagram: The Pursuit Of Mathematical Elegance And Empirical Accuracy (Paper # 10-1354), Haizhong Wang, Jia Li, Qian-Yong Chen, Daiheng Ni
Representing The Fundamental Diagram: The Pursuit Of Mathematical Elegance And Empirical Accuracy (Paper # 10-1354), Haizhong Wang, Jia Li, Qian-Yong Chen, Daiheng Ni
Daiheng Ni
The fundamental diagram, as the graphical representation of the relationships among traffic flow, speed, and density, has been the foundation of traffic flow theory and transportation engineering. 75 years after the seminal Greenshields model, a variety of models have been proposed to mathematically represent the speed-density relationship which underlies the fundamental diagram. Observed in these models was a clear path toward two competing goals: mathematical elegance and empirical accuracy. As the latest development of such a pursuit, this paper presents a family of speed-density models with varying numbers of parameters. All of these models perform satisfactorily and have physically meaningful …
Speed-Density Relationship: From Deterministic To Stochastic (Paper # 09-1527), Haizhong Wang, Jia Li, Qian-Yong Chen, Daiheng Ni
Speed-Density Relationship: From Deterministic To Stochastic (Paper # 09-1527), Haizhong Wang, Jia Li, Qian-Yong Chen, Daiheng Ni
Daiheng Ni
Traffic flow is a many-car system with complex and stochastic movement. It is difficult to describe the system dynamics solely using deterministic models which describe average sys- tem behaviors. Therefore, a stochastic speed-density relationship is proposed as a further step forward to overcome the well-known drawbacks of deterministic models. Modeling results show that by taking care of second-order statistics (i.e., mean and variance) a stochastic speed- density model is suitable for describing the observed phenomenon as well as matching the empirical data. From here, a stochastic fundamental diagram of traffic flow can be established. The stochastic speed-density relationship model can …
Analysis Of Lwr Model With Fundamental Diagram Subject To Uncertainties (Paper # 09-1189), Jia Li, Qian-Yong Chen, Haizhong Wang, Daiheng Ni
Analysis Of Lwr Model With Fundamental Diagram Subject To Uncertainties (Paper # 09-1189), Jia Li, Qian-Yong Chen, Haizhong Wang, Daiheng Ni
Daiheng Ni
The LWR model is of interest since it can successfully reproduce some essential features of traffic flow, such as the formation and propagation of various waves. Recently, however, the disadvantageous aspects of traditional LWR model are attracting more and more attention. Many researchers have made great effort to develop new models based on the LWR model, such that some prominent nonlinear characteristics of traffic flow, such as platoon diffusion, capacity drop, hysteresis, and spontaneous onset of congestion are captured. In this paper, we investigate the LWR model from an uncertainty perspective. Rather than developing a new explanatory model, we attempt …
Using Simulation Models To Assess The Impacts Of Highway Work Zone Strategies: Case Studies Along Interstate Highways In Massachusetts And Rhode Island, Kevin D. Moriarty, John Collura, Michael Knodler, Daiheng Ni, Kevin Heaslip
Using Simulation Models To Assess The Impacts Of Highway Work Zone Strategies: Case Studies Along Interstate Highways In Massachusetts And Rhode Island, Kevin D. Moriarty, John Collura, Michael Knodler, Daiheng Ni, Kevin Heaslip
Daiheng Ni
As the National Highway System reaches the end of its serviceable life, it becomes necessary for transportation agencies to focus on the preservation, rehabilitation, and ma intenance of these roads. With significant increases in the amount of work zone activity, transportation officials and contractors are challenged with finding ways to reduce the negative impacts on driver mobility. The key to addressing this challenge is to recognize these impacts well in advance. One major tool used for this purpose is computer simulation. There are many simulation models in existence, some of which are designed specifically for work zone analysis. Examples of …
Modeling And Optimization Of Link Traffic Flow (Paper #08-2129), Kimberly Rudy, Haizhong Wang, Daiheng Ni
Modeling And Optimization Of Link Traffic Flow (Paper #08-2129), Kimberly Rudy, Haizhong Wang, Daiheng Ni
Daiheng Ni
Congestion in networks greatly reduces efficiency and pr oduction. Systems with limited capacities or resources require analysis in order to ensure optimal results, which may be in terms of cost, data transmitted or vehicles discharged. A network is like an interconnected web and if one section or link is not performing optimally, the network may not be operating efficiently. The objective of th is research is to maximize link traffic throughput in the long run to alleviate congestion. The approach is to mode l the changes in link traffic st ates as a discrete Markov chain, from mathematical theory, due …
The Development Of A Dynamic-Interactive-Vehicle Model For Modeling Traffic Beyond A Microscopic Level (Paper #08-3059), Dwayne Henclewood, Daiheng Ni
The Development Of A Dynamic-Interactive-Vehicle Model For Modeling Traffic Beyond A Microscopic Level (Paper #08-3059), Dwayne Henclewood, Daiheng Ni
Daiheng Ni
This research effort is geared towards better representation of vehicle dynamics in traffic simulation. The result will not only lead to improved understanding of traffic dynamics but also provide insight into highway design, traffic safety, more accurate estimates of vehicle emissions, and transportation forensics. The objective of this paper is to propose a simple and computationally affordable dynamic vehicle model that is capable of representing vehicle movement with high fidelity. The objective is accomplished by mathematical representations of a vehicle’s power- train, brake and steering mechanisms while providing a medium through which a driver can interact with these components. The …
Delay And Energy Tradeoff In Multi-State Wireless Sensor Networks, W. L. Leow, H. Pishro-Nik, Daiheng Ni
Delay And Energy Tradeoff In Multi-State Wireless Sensor Networks, W. L. Leow, H. Pishro-Nik, Daiheng Ni
Daiheng Ni
This paper discusses a first attempt to investigate, using analytic means, the transmission delay and energy char- acteristics of a multi-state wireless sensor network. For such a network with n nodes, where each node can be active, resting or sleeping, a model that describes the transition of a node from one state to another and the probability associated with each state is proposed. Asymptotic analyses of transmission delay and energy are presented. We report the presence of a threshold for the arrival rate of data packets that decides which energy component dominates. The transmission delay-energy tradeoff is presented for the …
Development Of A Prototype Intersection Collision Avoidance System Under Vii, Daiheng Ni, Hossein Pishro-Nik, Richa Prasad, Mohammed Raza Kanjee, Hui Zhu, Thai Nguyen
Development Of A Prototype Intersection Collision Avoidance System Under Vii, Daiheng Ni, Hossein Pishro-Nik, Richa Prasad, Mohammed Raza Kanjee, Hui Zhu, Thai Nguyen
Daiheng Ni
Vehicle collisions at in tersections account for a large percen tage of overall traffic accidents, a good portion of which are fatal. A large number of these accidents can be avoided by a warning system which makes a driver aware of potential collisions on the road, thus allowing the driver enough time to preven t such situations. This pape r presents the design of a prototype intersection collision warning system based on Vehicle Infrastructure Integration (VII). Underlying the system are wireless communications, positioning technology, and information technology that ensure accu rate and timely safety information.
Forty-Fifth Annual Allerton Conference On Communication, Control, And Computing, H. Pishro-Nik, A. Ganz, Daiheng Ni
Forty-Fifth Annual Allerton Conference On Communication, Control, And Computing, H. Pishro-Nik, A. Ganz, Daiheng Ni
Daiheng Ni
This paper initiates the study of scaling laws for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET)s. It provides a general framework to study VANETs. The fundamental capacity limits of these networks are investigated and we show how the road geometry affects this capacity. The VANET capacity is calculated for different road structures. The need for new capacity metrics is dis- cussed. These results are obtained by combining geomet- rical analysis, network flow arguments, and probabilistic study of VANETs.
Modeling Traffic Flow Under Emergency Evacuation Situations: Current Practice And Future Directions, Kevin D. Moriarty, Daiheng Ni, John Collura
Modeling Traffic Flow Under Emergency Evacuation Situations: Current Practice And Future Directions, Kevin D. Moriarty, Daiheng Ni, John Collura
Daiheng Ni
The use of evacuation operations in response to emergency conditions has become commonplace. Until recently, planning and response operations have largely been the concern of emergency management personnel. The reoccurrence of catastrophic events, however, has transp ortation officials becoming in creasingly interested in working to improve evacuation efficiency. Emergency managers and transportation officials have employed the use of traffic simulation software to aid in evacuation planning and to evaluate evacuation operations. Effective emergency simulation software needs to be able to capture the major factors influencing evacuation response. This paper aims to discuss the broad role of transportation and the use …
A Framework For New Generation Transportation Simulation, Daiheng Ni
A Framework For New Generation Transportation Simulation, Daiheng Ni
Daiheng Ni
This paper discussed the evolution and future trend of simulation in general domain and in transportation. Some challenges facing transportation modeling and simulation were identified. As an effort to address these challenges, a framework of new generation transportation simulation was developed. The framework is envisioned to be multi- scale in resolution, parallel in execution, and driven by ob- jects. The paper further discussed strategies of transporta- tion simulation at a nanoscopic level which offers a level of modeling detail beyond the state-of-the-art.
Direct Methods Of Determining Traffic Stream Characteristics By Definition, John D. Leonard, Daiheng Ni
Direct Methods Of Determining Traffic Stream Characteristics By Definition, John D. Leonard, Daiheng Ni
Daiheng Ni
There are generally two approaches to derive traffic stream characteristic s (i.e. flow, space mean speed, and density): indirect approach which derives traffic stream characteristics by estimation from correlated variable(s) and direct approach which determines traffic stream characteristics by definition from field observations. A method of the former approach inevitably involves estimation error while a method of the latter provides “the ground truth”. This paper examines and contrasts three direct methods, namely the HCM method, the x-t method, and the n-t method. The HCM method determines traffic stream characteristics based on their definition adopted by Highway Capacity Manual (HCM). The …
Multiple Imputation Scheme For Overcoming The Missing Values And Variability Issues In Its Data, Daiheng Ni, John D. Leonard Ii, Angshuman Guin, Chunxia Feng
Multiple Imputation Scheme For Overcoming The Missing Values And Variability Issues In Its Data, Daiheng Ni, John D. Leonard Ii, Angshuman Guin, Chunxia Feng
Daiheng Ni
Traffic engineering studies such as validating Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) models require complete and reliable field data. However, the wealth of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) data is sometimes rendered useless for these purposes because of missing values in the data. Many imputation techniques have been developed in the past with virtually all of them imputing a single value for a missing datum. While this provides somewhat simple and fast estimates, it does not eliminate the possibility of producing biased results and it also fails to account for the uncertainty brought about by missing data. To overcome these limitations, a multiple …
Markov Chain Monte Carlo Multiple Imputation For Incomplete Its Data Using Bayesian Networks, Daiheng Ni, John D. Leonard
Markov Chain Monte Carlo Multiple Imputation For Incomplete Its Data Using Bayesian Networks, Daiheng Ni, John D. Leonard
Daiheng Ni
The rich ITS data is a precious resource for transportatio n researchers and practitioners. However, the usability of such resource is greatly limited by the issue of data missing. A lot of imputation methods have been proposed in the past decade. However, some issues ar e still not or not sufficiently addresse d. For example, the missing of entire records, temporal correlation in observations, natural char acteristics in raw data, and unbiased estimates for missing values. With these in mind, this paper proposes an advanced imputation method which is based on the recent development in other disciplines, especially applied statistics …
A Kinematic Wave Model For Merge Queuing, Daiheng Ni, John D. Leonard
A Kinematic Wave Model For Merge Queuing, Daiheng Ni, John D. Leonard
Daiheng Ni
A Kinematic Wave Model For Merge Queuing Daiheng N I School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA 30332, USA and John D. L EONARD State Road and Toll way Authority. 101 Marietta Street, Suite 2500 Atlanta, GA 30 303 , USA A BSTRACT Queuing at a merge is of particular interest because it is often related to highway congestion. Kinematic waves models such as simplified theory of kinematic waves are welcomed by traffic engineers because these models are simple and efficient yet still provide sufficient measures of effectiveness (MOEs) without going into the low level …
Simplified Kinematic Waves At A Diverge, Daiheng Ni, John D. Leonard
Simplified Kinematic Waves At A Diverge, Daiheng Ni, John D. Leonard
Daiheng Ni
Queuing at a diverge is an interesting but soph isticated phenomenon wher e one stream of traffic is split into two or more. It is generally not a problem when downstream supplies are sufficient to accommodate upstream demand. If, however, the demand does exceed the supplies, congestion will back onto upstream link and constrain traffic there. This paper, based on analyzing diverging behavior, reviews the existing models and proposes a contribution-based weighted splitting (CBWS) diverge model that takes into consideration queuing from different diverging branches. Based on this, Newell’s simplified theory of kinematic waves is extended to incorporate diverges.
Assessment Of The Current Status Of Incident Detection Algorithms: Results Of A Nationwide Survey, Angshuman Guin, Billy M. Williams, Daiheng Ni
Assessment Of The Current Status Of Incident Detection Algorithms: Results Of A Nationwide Survey, Angshuman Guin, Billy M. Williams, Daiheng Ni
Daiheng Ni
Use of automatic incident detection algorithms (AIDA) in advanced freeway management systems has been sporadic and scarce. The current study investigates the causes of such limited implementation. A survey was carried out among the system managers, operators and end users, as well as the decision makers who set the operational policies and the priorities for future system enhancements. The survey responses point to a general consensus that the unacceptably high rates of false alarms generated by available incident detection algorithms is the major deterrent. This study not only provides an understanding of the causes of the limited implementation of incident …
I-85 Traffic Study: A State-Of-The-Practice Modeling Of Freeway Traffic Operation, Daiheng Ni, Keith Strickland, Chunxia Feng
I-85 Traffic Study: A State-Of-The-Practice Modeling Of Freeway Traffic Operation, Daiheng Ni, Keith Strickland, Chunxia Feng
Daiheng Ni
Two levels of efforts advance the world: theory and application. Their highest levels of development are called "the state of the art" and "the state of the practice", respectively, with the latter typically lags behind the former. This is particularly true with traffic simulation where applications are more concerned with reliability, operability, adaptability, and availability. The state-of-the-art traffic simulation theories and models have been documented comprehensively while literatures on the state-of-the- practice applications are relatively sparse. This paper illustrates the perspective that industry typically takes on how to conduct traffic simulation by means of an example application: I-85 traffic study. …