Engineering Commons^™

Correct Spectral Conversion Between Surface‐Enhanced Raman And Plasmon Resonance Scattering From Nanoparticle Dimers For Single‐Molecule Detection, Kyuwan Lee

Kyuwan Lee

Simultaneous measurement of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in nanoparticle dimers presents outstanding opportunities in molecular identification and in the elucidation of physical properties, such as the size, distance, and deformation of target species. SERS–LSPR instrumentation exists and has been used under limited conditions, but the extraction of SERS and LSPR readouts from a single measurement is still a challenge. Herein, the extraction of LSPR spectra from SERS signals is reported and a tool for measuring the interparticle distance from Raman enhancement data by the standardization of the SERS signal is proposed. The SERS nanoruler …

Bridge Design For Earthquake Fault Crossings: Synthesis Of Design Issues And Strategies, Rakesh K. Goel, Bing Qu, Osmar Rodriguez, Jennifer Tures

Rakesh K. Goel

As shown by the bridge damages observed from recent earthquakes, the bridges crossing earthquake faults can be more vulnerable compared with those lying on one side of the earthquake faults. Avoiding building bridges across earthquake fault zones might be the best design strategy; however, it is not always possible to do so in regions of high seismicity such as California. While rigorous nonlinear response history analysis (RHA) using the spatially-varying ground motions generated based on site-specific seismological studies can be conducted for bridges crossing fault ruptures; such a design and analysis process is too onerous, making it less practical for …

26 - تحليل تأثيرگذاري ميزان مقاومت حرارتي جداره و جهت جداره هاي نورگذر بر اندازه بهينه پنجره در اقليم تهران, Mona Khatami, Maria Kord-Jamshidi, Behrouz Mohamad Kari, Alireza Zolfaghari

Dr Alireza Zolfaghari

No abstract provided.

25 - تحليل تأثيرات استفاده از عايقهاي تغيير فاز دهنده بر ميزان مصرف سالانه انرژي ساختمان در اقليم تهران, Alireza Zolfaghari, Mohamad Solhi, Mohamad Fathian, Hamed Moslehi, Mohamad Rahim-Pour, Mehran Sa'adati-Nasab

Dr Alireza Zolfaghari

No abstract provided.

Short Term Wind Power Forecasting Using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Modeling, Almoataz Youssef Abdelaziz

Almoataz Youssef Abdelaziz

Wind energy is one of the most promising electricity generating sources as a clean and free alternate compared with the conventional power plants and due to the volatility feature in the wind speeds it will reflect some problems in power systems reliability particularly if the system is deeply penetrated by wind farms. Therefore, Wind power forecasting issue became and is still an important scope that will help in economic dispatch (ED), unit commitment (UC) purposes to get more reliable and economic systems. This paper introduces short term wind power forecasting model, based on autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) which will …

An Assessment Of The Effects Of Desertification In Yobe State, Nigeria, Jibril Musa Phd

Confluence Journal Environmental Studies (CJES), Kogi State University, Nigeria

Desertification is one of the most serious environmental and socio-economic problems of our time. Desertification describes circumstances of land degradation in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid regions resulting from the climatic variation and human activities. The fundamental goal of this thesis was to assess the effects of desertification in Yobe State, Nigeria. The present threat of desertification in the sahel has reached an alarming stage where crops cultivation and animal rearing/grazing are no more productive, soil has lost its nutrient/fertility, various infrastructure had given way because of windstorm from the neighbouring Niger Republic and sand dunes had taken over. The …

Z-Source Inverter For Automotive Applications, Omar Ellabban, Joeri Van Mierlo

Omar Ellabban

No abstract provided.

Using Remote Sensing Data To Improve Rice Production In Kutigi, Niger State, Nigeria, Jibril Musa Phd, M B. Yunusa

Confluence Journal Environmental Studies (CJES), Kogi State University, Nigeria

This research work looked in the used of Remote Sensing to improve Agricultural production in Kutigi, Niger State. The aim of the study is to use remote sensing to improve rice farming activities in Kutigi, Niger State. It is very important to identify such methods to improve Agricultural production because experts are always interested in new researches and findings to better the standard of living in any environment. In view of this, Remotely-sensed data could be used or employed to elevate most of these agricultural problems in Kutigi through the following objectives: Using Landsat imagery to assess the present landuse …

Self-Tuning Of Pid Controller For Dc Motor Using Mrac, R.S Naga Kumar Ganugula

R.S Naga Kumar Ganugula

The main objective of this paper is to control the speed

of a separately excited DC motor using a self tuning PID

controller based on Model Reference Adaptive control (MRAC)

approach. This auto tuning controller aims to Tune the

parameters of the PID controller in response to changes in plant

and disturbance real time by referring to the reference model

that specifies the properties of the desired control system.

The simulation results show the effectiveness of the self

tuning controller both in transient and steady state responses

when compared to the fixed parameter PID controller.

Auto - Tuning Of Pid Controller For Dc Motor Using Mrac Technique, R.S Naga Kumar Ganugula

R.S Naga Kumar Ganugula

The main objective of this paper is to control the speed of a separately excited DC motor using a self tuning PI controller

based on Model Reference Adaptive control (MRAC) approach. This auto tuning controller aims to Tune the parameters of the PID

controller in response to changes in plant and disturbance real time by referring to the reference model that specifies the properties of

the desired control system.

The simulation results show the effectiveness of the self tuning controller both in transient and steady state responses when compared to

the fixed parameter PI controller.

Application Of Fly-Ash Composite In Plasma Surface Engineering, Ajit Behera

Ajit Behera

Fly-ash produced from iron & steel industries contains rich amount of metal oxides which gives a tremendous potential as a coating material on structural components. This demand leads to develop and characterize different type of fly ash composite coatings by using plasma spray technique. Plasma spray technology has the advantage of being able to process various low-grade ore minerals to obtain value-added products and also to deposit metals, ceramics and a combination of these, generating approximately homogeneous coatings with the desired microstructure. In the present investigation, coatings are developed on copper substrates using fly-ash+ quartz+ illmenite composite (in a weight …

Simulation Of Ihrrfpid Controller For Dc-Dc Converter, R.S Naga Kumar Ganugula

R.S Naga Kumar Ganugula

In this paper, an Intelligent Hybrid Reduced Rule Base Fuzzy PID controller (IHRRFPID) is developed for the DC-DC converter. This Hybrid controller is a combination of both PID and Fuzzy logic controller in an intelligent way that depends on a function of actuating error such as ITAE (Integral Time Absolute Error). Moreover, an intelligent switching scheme is induced on the blending mechanism that makes a decision up on the priority of the two controllers, namely the classical PID and the fuzzy constituents. The simulation results shows that the hybrid fuzzy PID controller provides better response in terms of transient and …

Coating Material Interaction On Metal Substrate By Application Of Plasma Spraying, Ajit Behera

Ajit Behera

In this paper, Fly-ash+quartz+illmenite with weight percentage ratio: 60:20:20, is deposited on mild steel and copper substrates by atmospheric plasma spraying at various operating power level ranging from 11 to 21 kW. The properties of the coating depend on the interaction of coating powder with plasma, operating condition and the process parameters. The coating quality and behavior depends on Coating surface & interface morphology are studied with Scanning Electron Microscope. For Mild Steel the adhesion strength has varied from 3.5MPa to 6.56MPa and for Mild steel a maximum of 6.56MPa at the power level of 21 kW. In plasma spraying, …

24 - تحليل عملکرد کانالهاي زير زميني جهت تامين هواي لازم براي تهويه فضاهاي صنعتی با در نظر گرفتن زمان لازم براي احياي سيستم, Alireza Zolfaghari, Mozhgan Nikoudel, Hosein Vatan-Pour

Dr Alireza Zolfaghari

No abstract provided.

Management Of Electric Distribution Systems Planning, Almoataz Youssef Abdelaziz

Almoataz Youssef Abdelaziz

In the present paper a proposed planning management method for MV (medium voltage) distribution networks is formulated. This proposed method takes into consideration combined effect of voltage drop; overloads and a technical power loss based on the worst network conditions, and proposes the main constraints of mathematical calculation of the presented case studies. A genetic algorithm (GA) with multi-criteria optimization technique is applied for solving the problem of system reconfiguration in a distribution system. The GA has been tested with promising results on a real radial distribution system. The proposed algorithm can be applied efficiently to large systems, and the …

A Novel Neural Network And Backtracking Based Protection Coordination Scheme For Distribution System With Distributed Generation, Hadi Zayandehroodi, Azah Mohamed, Hussain Shareef, Masoud Farhoodnea

Dr. Hadi Zayandehroodi

With the increased installation of renewable energy based distributed generations (DGs) in distribution systems, it brings about a change in the fault current level of the system and causes many problems in the current protection system. Hence, effective protection schemes are required to ensure safe and selective protection relay coordination in the power distribution system with DG units. In this paper, a novel adaptive protection scheme is proposed by integrating fault location with protection relay coordination strategies. An automated fault location method is developed using a two stage radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) in which the first RBFNN determines …

Improvement Of Mild Steel Surface Properties By Fly-Ash + Quartz + Illmenite Composite Coating, Ajit Behera

Ajit Behera

Plasma spray of fly-ash composite gives a stable improvement of surface properties for industrially used materials/equipments, which has become a major technological research area encompassing studies in a broad range from medical field, chemical field to ceramic field. In the present investigation, coatings are developed on mild steel substrates using fly-ash + quartz + illmenite composite (in a weight percentage ratio of 60:20:20) at various plasma torch input power levels ranging from 11 to 21 kW DC. Metallographic and chemical characterization of the produced composite coatings was performed with the aid of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and XRD analysis. The …

Application Of Neural Network Analysis To Correlate The Properties Of Plasma Spray Coating, Ajit Behera

Ajit Behera

Thermal spray coatings are more often being demanding process at the recent stages of industrial design processes to become fundamental element of the engineering system. The aim of the present paper is to develop a model-based estimation and control for regulating the coating adhesion strength, by using neural network. This proposed model permits cost reduction by the possibility of adjusting the parameter of the process for each of the desired properties, which can directly act as a quality control process. By this artificial neural network (ANN) technique, the possibility of adhesion strength of the mixture of flyash, quartz and illmenite …

Least Square Support Vector Machine Alternative To Artificial Neural Network For Prediction Of Surface Roughness And Porosity Of Plasma Sprayed Copper Substrates, Ajit Behera

Ajit Behera

Plasma spraying technique has become a subject of intense research in many industrial structural/functional applications because its peculiarity surface properties. This investigation explains about plasma sprayed copper surface property. Here industrial waste and low grade ore (i.e. Flay-ash+ quartz+ illmenite), used as deposit material which is to be coated on copper substrates. In many applications, it is found that for structural modification, surface roughness & porosity parameters are very important. To decrease both surface roughness and coating porosity by optimizing other necessary properties, different soft computing methods like Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Least Square support vector machine techniques used. …

Modelling Three-Phase Flow In Metallurgical Processes, Christoph Goniva, Gijsbert Wierink, Kari Heiskanen, Stefan Pirker, Christoph Kloss

Gijsbert Wierink

The interaction between gasses, liquids, and solids plays a critical role in many processes, such as coating, granulation and the blast furnace process. In this paper we present a comprehensive numerical model for three phase flow including droplets, particles and gas. By means of a coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) - Discrete Element Method (DEM) approach the physical core phenomena are pictured at a detailed level. Sub-models for droplet deformation, breakup and coalescence as well as droplet-particle and wet particle-particle interaction are applied. The feasibility of this model approach is demonstrated by its application to a rotating drum coater. The …

Combustion Characteristics Of Late Injected Cng In A Spark Ignition Engine Under Lean Operating Condition, Ftwi Yohaness Hagos, A. Rahsid Abd Aziz, Shaharin A. Sulaiman

Ftwi Yohaness Hagos

Lean combustion strategy is used as a tool in the reduction of greenhouse gas emission in a natural gas fuelled engines. It also increases the thermal efficiency of the combustion. In this study, late injection and stratification effect of lean charge CNG combustion in a four stroke direct injection spark ignited engine was experimentally investigated. The fuel injection is kept at 90° Crank Angle (CA) Before Top Dead Center (BTDC) and the ignition timing at 28° CA BTDC at wide open throttle. Results from this study demonstrate that Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (IMEP), it's Coefficient Of Variation (COV), in cylinder …

خلاصه روابط و معادلات

Dr Alireza Zolfaghari

No abstract provided.

Ios Model Viewer, Benjamin M. Sloan

Benjamin M. Sloan

The OBJ model viewer for iOS was developed to enable an iPad to display and allow users to interact with a design as it was being three-dimensionally printed. Current iOS application restrict user interaction to a single still view or a slide show of still views. The iOS OBJ Loader was first attempted to be written in openGL es but a custom library ended being used called Nevenah to develop the application. In addition to interacting with the loaded model the users could also adjust the lighting to understand how the material reflected light and also load different models that …

Capacitor Voltage Control Techniques Of The Z-Source Inverter: A Comparative Study, Omar Ellabban, Joeri Van Mierlo, Philippe Lataire

Omar Ellabban

The Z-source inverter (ZSI) is a recently proposed single-stage power conversion topology. It adds voltage boost capability for complementing the usual voltage buck operation of a traditional voltage source inverter (VSI) with improved reliability. In this paper, a single-loop and dual-loop capacitor voltage control techniques for the ZSI are digitally designed based on a third order small signal model of the ZSI, implemented using a digital signal processor (DSP) and compared. Simulation and experimental results of a 30 kW ZSI during input voltage changes, load disturbances and steady state operations are presented and compared. The results show that the dual-loop …

The Impact Of Controlled Solvent Exposure On The Morphology, Structure And Function Of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells, Raghavendra R. Hegde Dr

Raghavendra R Hegde Dr

Films of poly(3-hexyl thiophene) (P3HT):[6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) were controllably exposed to CS2 vapor in a column with a linear solvent vapor pressure gradient. Changes in the morphology of the P3HT:PCBM thin film were monitored and correlated to the ability of this thin film to act as the active layer in an organic solar cell. The results show that the crystallinity and crystal size of the P3HT increase initially with solvent vapor pressure and annealing time, but longer exposure to solvent decreases P3HT crystallinity and photovoltaic efficiency. Neutron reflectivity indicates that the PCBM segregates to the Si substrate …

Nanoroughened Surfaces For Efficient Capture Of Circulating Tumor Cells Without Using Capture Antibodies, Weiqiang Chen, Shinuo Weng, Feng Zhang, Steven Allen, Xiang Li, Liwei Bao, Raymond H. W. Lam, Jill A. Macoska, Sofia D. Merajver, Jianping Fu

Weiqiang Chen

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) detached from both primary and metastatic lesions represent a potential alternative to invasive biopsies as a source of tumor tissue for the detection, characterization and monitoring of cancers. Here we report a simple yet effective strategy for capturing CTCs without using capture antibodies. Our method uniquely utilized the differential adhesion preference of cancer cells to nanorough surfaces when compared to normal blood cells and thus did not depend on their physical size or surface protein expression, a significant advantage as compared to other existing CTC capture techniques.

Energetyczne Wykorzystanie Stałych Paliw Wtórnych Z Odpadów (Srf) Na Przykładzie Instalacji Współspalania Paliw W Cementowni Chełm, Magdalena Kasietczuk, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents the use of Solid Recovered Fuels (SRF) in Chelm Cement Plant (Poland). These types of fuels are produced from non-hazardous waste and can be used for energy recovery in waste co-combustion plants. They are much cheaper compared to primary fuels, so their use in the process of cement clinker burning brings evident economic benefits. Chelm cement plant owned by the CEMEX company is a leader in the use of alternative fuels in Poland. In the years 2005-2011 the amount of co-combustion of alternative fuels in the cement had risen from 107 to 318 thousand tons, and their …

Storage Stability Of Biofuel, Mahendra Varman Munusamy M. Varman

Mahendra Varman Munusamy (M. Varman)

Biofuel is one of the prime candidates to take over the role played by fossil fuel as the main source of energy in the future. Numerous studies have been done on the potential of biofuel to produce similar power output generated by the current petrol and diesel which are depleting without any drawbacks. The objective of this particular study is to investigate 4 of the more established vegetable oil in the energy industry namely jatropha, palm, coconut and canola oil in terms of storage stability of biofuel at room temperature and 80ºC. The biofuels were tested in terms of density, …

Super Critical Steam Turbine, Vijaya Krushna Varma Mr

VIJAYA KRUSHNA VARMA Mr

Varma designed ultra modern and high efficiency turbines which can use gas, steam or fuels as feed to produce electricity or mechanical work for wide range of usages and applications in industries or at work sites. Varma turbine engines can be used in all types of vehicles. These turbines can also be used in aircraft, ships, battle tanks, dredgers, mining equipment, earth moving machines etc http://turbine.net.in

Earth-Air Heat Exchangers For Passive Air Conditioning: Case Study Burkina Faso, Thomas Woodson

Thomas Woodson

An earth-air heat exchanger (EAHX), also known as an earth tube heat exchanger or Canadian well, is a system for cooling and heating buildings using the ground as a heat sink/source. This study examines the ground temperature gradient and the performance of an EAHX performance in Burkina Faso. Ground temperature measurements were made at depths of 0.5 m, 1.0 m and 1.5 m. At the hottest time of the day, 15:00, the average outside temperature was 39.0°C, but the average temperature 1.5 m underground was 30.4°C. A clear phase shift was observed between the maximum outside temperature and the maximum …