Engineering Commons^™

Simulated Annealing Technique To Design Minimum Cost Exchanger, Nadeem Muhammed Khalfe, Sandip K. Lahiri, Shiv K. Wadhwa

Nadeem Khalfe

Owing to the wide utilization of heat exchangers in industrial processes, their cost minimization is an important target for both designers and users. Traditional design approaches are based on iterative procedures which gradually change the design and geometric parameters to satisfy a given heat duty and constraints. Although well proven, this kind of approach is time consuming and may not lead to cost effective design as no cost criteria are explicitly accounted for. The present study explores the use of non-traditional optimization technique called simulated annealing (SA), for design optimization of shell and tube heat exchangers from an economic point …

Starting Radial Subdiffusion From A Central Point Through A Diverging Medium (A Sphere): Heat-Balance Integral Method, Jordan Hristov

Jordan Hristov

The work presents an integral solution of the time-fractional subdiffusion equation as alternative approach to those employing hypergeometric functions. The integral solution suggests a preliminary defined profile with unknown coefficients and the concept of penetration (boundary layer) well known from the heat diffusion and hydrodynamics. The profile satisfies the boundary conditions imposed at the boundary of the boundary layer that allows its coefficients to be expressed through the boundary layer depth as unique parameter describing the profile. The technique is demonstrated by a solution of a time fractional radial equation concerning anomalous diffusion from a central point source in a …

Pso Based Optimal Placement And Setting Of Facts Devicesfor Improving The Performance Of Power Distribution System, Tibin Joseph

Tibin Joseph

No abstract provided.

Solving Virus Problems By System Administrators- A Triz Perspective, Umakant Mishra

Umakant Mishra

The computer virus is not only a problem to the end user but also a problem to everybody whoever is associated with computers, including systems administrators, corporate managers and even anti-virus manufacturers. In the previous article we discussed on how to use TRIZ for analyzing and solving virus problems of an end user. In this article we will focus on the problems faced by the systems administrators.

An analysis of virus scenario finds that the same situation of virus infection creates different problems to people at different levels, such as, a computer user, a system administrator, a corporate manager and …

Solving Virus Problems By Computer Users- A Triz Perspective, Umakant Mishra

Umakant Mishra

The knowledge on TRIZ helps us analyzing a problem. Analysis is an important step in problem solving because the same event may be causing different problems (or benefits) to different people under different conditions. Some solutions may be addressing a problem in a short term or narrow perspective while giving rise to other problems or disadvantages. A good solution should be ideal and holistic in approach and should lead to no other problems or negative consequences.

When we analyze the problem of computer virus we find that different types of computer users face different types of problems and seek to …

A New Method Of Producing High Strength Oil Palm Shell Lightweight Concrete, Hilmi Mahmud

Hilmi Mahmud

This paper presents a new method to produce high strength lightweight aggregate concrete (HSLWAC) using an agricultural solid waste, namely oil palm shell (OPS). This method is based on crushing large old OPS. Crushed OPS are hard and have a strong physical bond with hydrated cement paste. The 28 and 56. days compressive strength achieved in this study were about 53 and 56. MPa, respectively. Furthermore, it was observed that it was possible to produce grade 30 OPS concrete without the addition of any cementitious materials. Compared to previous studies, significantly lower cement content was used to produce this grade …

Development Of A Compression Test Device For Investigating Interaction Between Diffusion Of Biodiesel And Large Deformation In Rubber

A.S. Md Abdul Haseeb

Motivated by environmental and economic factors, biodiesel has been introduced to partially replace the diminishing stock of petroleum-based fuel. However, the use of biodiesel such as palm biodiesel is placing additional demands on automotive components, e.g. rubber components, due to a compatibility issue in the fuel system. In engineering applications where hostile environments are involved, the long-term mechanical response of rubber components is affected by interactions existed between diffusion of liquids into the material and fluctuating multiaxial loading. Hence, it is crucial to investigate the durability of rubber components in this aggressive environment. A number of studies on static immersion …

Membrane Biodiesel Production And Refining Technology: A Critical Review, Abdul Aziz Abdul Raman

Abdul Aziz Abdul Raman

Membranes processes for the production and refining of biodiesel are being increasingly reported. Membrane technology has attracted the interest of researchers for its ability to provide high purity and quality biodiesel fuel besides its remarkable biodiesel yields. Membranes have numerous numbers of useful properties such as resistance to mechanical, chemical and thermal stress, high available surface area per unit volume, high selectivity, and ability to control the components contact between the two phases makes them potential. These properties have made them to be potential candidates for both upstream and downstream biodiesel production and refining applications. In this regards, this paper …

Refining Technologies For The Purification Of Crude Biodiesel, Abdul Aziz Abdul Raman

Abdul Aziz Abdul Raman

In biodiesel production, downstream purification is an important step in the overall process. This article is a critical review of the most recent research findings pertaining to biodiesel refining technologies. Both conventional refining technologies and the most recent biodiesel membrane refining technology are reviewed. The results obtained through membrane purification showed some promise in term of biodiesel yield and quality. Also, membranes presented low water consumption and less wastewater discharges. Therefore, exploration and exploitation of membrane technology to purify crude biodiesel is necessary. Furthermore, the success of membrane technology in the purification of crude biodiesel could serve as a boost …

Improve Design For Automated Tajweed Checking Rules Engine Of Quranic Verse Recitation: A Review, Noor Jamaliah Ibrahim, Zulkifli Mohd Yusoff, Zaidi Razak

Noor Jamaliah Ibrahim

Generally, reliable speech recognition is a hard problem that required a combination solution of many techniques. Thus, the combinations of Al-Quran with speech recognition system is quite challenging task to be implemented. It is because the Quran sound, which had been recited by most of reciters will probably tend to differ a lot from one person to another. Although those Quranic sentences were particularly taken from the same verse, but the way of the sentence in Al-Quran been recited or delivered may be different, depend on reciters with the different levels of understanding of Tajweed rules. This paper seeks to …

23 - از بين بردن بافتهاي سرطاني به وسيله امواج فراصوت کانوني با شدت بالا, Roya Samanipour, Mehdi Maerefat, Manizheh Mokhtari-Dizaji, Alireza Zolfaghari

Dr Alireza Zolfaghari

No abstract provided.

Designing Carbon Taxation Schemes For Automobiles: A Simulation Exercise For Germany, Adamos Adamou, Sofronis Clerides, Theodoros Zachariadis

Theodoros Zachariadis

Vehicle taxation based on CO2 emissions is increasingly being adopted worldwide in order to shift consumer purchases to low-carbon cars, yet little is known about the effectiveness and overall economic impact of these schemes. We focus on feebate schemes, which impose a fee on high-carbon vehicles and give a rebate to purchasers of low-carbon automobiles. We estimate a discrete choice model of demand for automobiles in Germany and simulate the impact of alternative feebate schemes on emissions, consumer welfare, public revenues and firm profits. The analysis shows that a well-designed scheme can lead to emission reductions without reducing overall welfare.

The Value Of Government Mandated Location-Based Services In Emergencies In Australia, Anas Aloudat, Katina Michael, Roba Abbas, Mutaz M. Al-Debei

Dr. Mutaz M. Al-Debei

The adoption of mobile technologies for emergency management has the capacity to save lives. In Australia in February 2009, the Victorian Bushfires claimed 173 lives, the worst peace-time disaster in the nation’s history. The Australian government responded swiftly to the tragedy by going to tender for mobile applications that could be used during emergencies, such as mobile alerts and location services. These applications, which are becoming increasingly accurate with the evolution of positioning techniques, have the ability to deliver personalized information direct to the citizen during crises, complementing traditional broadcasting mediums like television and radio. Indeed governments have a responsibility …

Analytical Analysis Of Second-Order Stokes Wave In Brillouin Ring Fiber Laser, Faisal Rafiq Mahamd Adikan

Faisal Rafiq Mahamd Adikan

This paper details a theoretical modeling of Brillouin ring fiber laser which incorporates the interaction between multiple Brillouin Stokes signals. The ring cavity was pumped at several Brillouin pump (BP) powers and the output was measured through an optical coupler with various coupling ratios. The first-order Brillouin Stokes signal was saturated with the presence of the second-order Stokes signal in the cavity as a result of energy transfer between them. The outcome of the study found that the optimum point for the first-order Stokes wave performance is at laser power reduction of 10%. Resultantly, at the optimum output coupling ratio …

Development Of A Compression Test Device For Investigating Interaction Between Diffusion Of Biodiesel And Large Deformation In Rubber, Haseeb Asma

Haseeb ASMA

Motivated by environmental and economic factors, biodiesel has been introduced to partially replace the diminishing stock of petroleum-based fuel. However, the use of biodiesel such as palm biodiesel is placing additional demands on automotive components, e.g. rubber components, due to a compatibility issue in the fuel system. In engineering applications where hostile environments are involved, the long-term mechanical response of rubber components is affected by interactions existed between diffusion of liquids into the material and fluctuating multiaxial loading. Hence, it is crucial to investigate the durability of rubber components in this aggressive environment. A number of studies on static immersion …

Lectio Praecursoria, Kari Myöhänen

Kari Myöhänen

Lectio praecursoria: Modelling of combustion and sorbent reactions in three-dimensional flow environment of a circulating fluidized bed furnace

Study On The Use Of Mgal Hydrotalcites As Solid Heterogeneous Catalysts For Biodiesel Production, João F. Gomes

João F Gomes

This paper, reports experimental work on the use of new heterogeneous solid basic catalysts for biodiesel production: double oxides of Mg and Al, produced by calcination, at high temperature, of MgAl lamellar structures, the hydrotalcites (HT). The most suitable catalyst system studied are hydrotalcite Mg:Al 2:1 calcinated at 507 ºC and 700 ºC, leading to higher values of FAME also in the second reaction stage. One of the prepared catalysts resulted in 97.1 % Fatty acids methyl esters (FAME) in the 1st reaction step, 92.2 % FAME in the 2nd reaction step and 34 % FAME in the 3rd reaction …

Transient Flow Of A Generalized Second Grade Fluid Due To A Constant Surface Shear Stress: An Approximate Integral-Balance Solution, Jordan Hristov

Jordan Hristov

Integral balance solution to start-up problem of a second grade viscoelastic fluid caused by a constant surface stress at the surface has been developed by an entire-domain parabolic profile with an unspecified exponent. The closed form solution explicitly defines two dimensionless similarity variables ξ = y ν t and 2 D0 p t= χ = ν β , responsible for the viscous and the elastic responses of the fluid to the step jump at the boundary. Numerical simulations demonstrating the effect of the various operating parameter and fluid properties on the developed flow filed, as well comparison with the existing …

The Importance Of Project Management In Smes For The Development Of New Products Through E-Collaboration, Marjan Mohammadjafari, Shamsuddin Ahmed, Siti Zawiah Md Dawal, Hadi Zayandehroodi

Dr. Marjan Mohammadjafari

The research in this paper seeks ways for manufacturing companies to accomplish projects in real time with less cost. This paper describes a new model using critical success factors of implementing projects in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The factors in the conceptual model were identified in past studies and are validated from interviews with 20 project managers in the electronics industry in Iran. Several prior researches have suggested critical success factors for reducing time and cost in the development of a new product. These factors are related to design, product, planning and procurement. However, none of these studies has …

Causes Of The Blackout: The Grid Operation And Environment, Almoataz Youssef Abdelaziz

Almoataz Youssef Abdelaziz

Despite huge advancements in different power system components, operations, and protection technologies, todayÕs power systems are more vulnerable to blackouts than ever before. Deregulation, market competition, and increasing demands, in addition to less investment in transmission assets, all contribute to the critical state power systems operate at. Two main characteristics of the power system are always being put under the scope of study, reliability and security. This paper takes a subjective thorough look at the previous numerous blackout events, surveyed by the authors, that have been encountered by different power systems around the globe and classifies them into different types …

Turbine, Vijaya Krushna Varma Mr

VIJAYA KRUSHNA VARMA Mr

Varma designed ultra modern and high efficiency turbines which can use gas, steam or fuels as feed to produce electricity or mechanical work for wide range of usages and applications in industries or at work sites. Varma turbine engines can be used in all types of vehicles. These turbines can also be used in aircraft, ships, battle tanks, dredgers, mining equipment, earth moving machines etc, Salient features of Varma Turbines. 1. Varma turbines are simple in design, easy to manufacture, easy to operate and maintain. 2. Varma turbines are less expensive. 3. Varma turbines have a great power to weight …

Development Of An Opensim Shoulder Model For Manual Wheelchair Users With Tetraplegia, B. Odle, G. Forrest, T. Dyson-Hudson, Jeffrey A. Reinbolt

Jeffrey A. Reinbolt

No abstract provided.

Produkcja Stałego Paliwa Wtórnego Na Przykładzie Przedsiębiorstwa Usług Komunalnych „Empol” Sp. Z O.O. / Production Of Solid Waste-Derived Fuel - A Case Study Of The Enterprise Of Municipal Services "Empol" Llc, Robert Oleniacz, Leszek Rataj, Monika Wyrostek

Robert Oleniacz

The work presents activities of the Enterprise of Municipal Services "Empol" Sp. z o.o. based in Tylmanowa (Małopolska Province, Poland) and the interrelated technological lines for sorting of waste and production of alternative fuels (refuse derived fuels - RDFs) started in 2009 in the Special Economic Zone in Gorlice. The paper also discusses properties of the produced RDFs and their typical applications.

Wpływ Procesu Współspalania Odpadów W Piecu Cementowym Na Jakość Powietrza / Impact Of Waste Co-Incineration Process In A Cement Kiln On Air Quality, Robert Oleniacz, Magdalena Kasietczuk

Robert Oleniacz

The work presents the general requirements for the control of emissions to air from waste co-combustion (co-incineration) plants, with particular emphasis on rotary kilns used for clinker production. Air emissions from the cement kiln during co-combustion of alternative fuels and the impact assessment on air quality are also presented. The object of the study was one of the Polish cement plant, which uses significant amounts of solid waste derived fuels (with over 70% share in the cement kiln heat balance). Assessment of the impact on air quality was made based on the results of the modeling of atmospheric dispersion of …

Developing System Architecture Design Using Qfd, Raman Attri

Raman K. Attri

Using QFD tool to flow down the reqeuirements and develop the top-down systems architecture during product development

Effect Of Different Corrosion Inhibitors On The Corrosion Of Cast Iron In Palm Biodiesel

A.S. Md Abdul Haseeb

Biodiesel is currently in regular use as an alternative fuel over conventional petroleum diesel. However, corrosion of automotive materials is one of the concerns related to biodiesel compatibility issues. In addition, auto-oxidation of biodiesel can also enhance the corrosiveness of biodiesel. The present study aims to investigate inhibition effect of ethylenediamine (EDA), n-butylamine (nBA), tert-butylamine (TBA) against corrosion of cast iron. Static immersion tests in biodiesel in the presence (100 ppm) and absence of different corrosion inhibitors were carried out at room temperature for 1200 hours. At the end of the test, corrosion characteristic was investigated by weight loss measurements …

Effect Of Different Corrosion Inhibitors On The Corrosion Of Cast Iron In Palm Biodiesel

A.S. Md Abdul Haseeb

Biodiesel is currently in regular use as an alternative fuel over conventional petroleum diesel. However, corrosion of automotive materials is one of the concerns related to biodiesel compatibility issues. In addition, auto-oxidation of biodiesel can also enhance the corrosiveness of biodiesel. The present study aims to investigate inhibition effect of ethylenediamine (EDA), n-butylamine (nBA), tert-butylamine (TBA) against corrosion of cast iron. Static immersion tests in biodiesel in the presence (100 ppm) and absence of different corrosion inhibitors were carried out at room temperature for 1200 hours. At the end of the test, corrosion characteristic was investigated by weight loss measurements …

Nonlinear Concrete Behaviour, Marian Sabau, Traian Onet

Marian Sabau

This paper presents an overview of nonlinear behaviour in reinforced concrete structures. Structural concrete is a nonlinear material both at strength limit states and service loads. Are presented terms of effects that are primarily observed in concrete, steel or a combination of the two. When considering nonlinear behaviour, an important aspect is whether or not strain localization will occur as size effects. The model must first be validated by experiments and benchmark tests to ensure the safety and reliability criteria. In nonlinear finite element procedures, engineers must check their finite element discretization and modelling assumptions used in their analyses. Advanced …

Dual-Phase Sensing For Early Detection Of Prepreg Structural Failures Via Etched Cladding Bragg Grating, Faisal Rafiq Mahamd Adikan

Faisal Rafiq Mahamd Adikan

A dual-phase optical fiber-based sensor for early detection against prepreg structural failures is proposed and successfully demonstrated. The sensor consists of an etched fiber Bragg grating (FBG) mounted onto an aluminium plate. The sensor is tested using a simple pressure and petrochemical test rig. By observing the shift of the reflected wavelength of the FBG sensor we can simultaneously detect two parameters: (i) pressure and (ii) petrochemical. The experimental results show the potential of using the FBG sensor for early detection of submarine oil pipe leaking. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effect Of Different Corrosion Inhibitors On The Corrosion Of Cast Iron In Palm Biodiesel, Haseeb Asma

Haseeb ASMA

Biodiesel is currently in regular use as an alternative fuel over conventional petroleum diesel. However, corrosion of automotive materials is one of the concerns related to biodiesel compatibility issues. In addition, auto-oxidation of biodiesel can also enhance the corrosiveness of biodiesel. The present study aims to investigate inhibition effect of ethylenediamine (EDA), n-butylamine (nBA), tert-butylamine (TBA) against corrosion of cast iron. Static immersion tests in biodiesel in the presence (100 ppm) and absence of different corrosion inhibitors were carried out at room temperature for 1200 hours. At the end of the test, corrosion characteristic was investigated by weight loss measurements …