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Design Strategy Of Snow Depth Sensor Based On Ultrasonic Pulse-Transit Technique For Remote Measurement Of Snow Cover Thickness, Raman Attri
Raman K. Attri
Snow cover thickness is one of the important parameter used in forecasting models for snow-melt, snow run-off water, snow avalanche release and other snow hydrological changes. Ultrasonic pulse transit method is being used for such applications universally. Reflected echo coming after reflection from highly irregular and non-smooth porous surface, is very low amplitude noise ridden signal. This received echo signal has to be conditioned to remove signal and processed to increase its amplitude to make it sufficiently detectable and to increase the probability of receiving back the reflected echo. A special design of Snow Depth Sensor based on Ultrasonic Pulse …
Implementation Of Linear Array Of Ultrasonic Transmitter-Receiver Transducers For Detection Of Non-Smooth Porous Surface, Raman K. Attri, Swaranjit Singh
Implementation Of Linear Array Of Ultrasonic Transmitter-Receiver Transducers For Detection Of Non-Smooth Porous Surface, Raman K. Attri, Swaranjit Singh
Raman K. Attri
Level measurements, thickness measurement or remote surface detection using ultrasonic pulse transit method require that the target surface be at 90O to the incident beam so that reflected beam comes back at 180O angel to effectively use this method. This is perfectly true in case of flat, solid surface at right angle to the incident beam. But surface irregularities of a porous, non-smooth, uneven material such as snow cause penetration of incident wave into the surface, absorption of the incident energy, scatter of energy in many directions and further attenuation of reflected signal making it difficult to detect the reflected …