Engineering Commons^™

Crash Injury Severity Prediction With Artificial Neural Networks, Rima Abisaad

Dissertations

Motor vehicle crashes are one of our nation's most serious social, economic and health issues. They are the leading cause of death among children and young adults, killing approximately 1.35 million people each year. Providing a safe and efficient transportation system is the primary goal of transportation engineering and planning. To help reduce traffic fatalities and injuries on roadways, crash prediction models are used to forecast the injury severity of potential crashes and apply precautionary countermeasures accordingly. Most of these models are reactive as they use historical crash data to categorize crash-related factors. Recently, advancements have been made in developing …

Research On High-Rap Mixtures With Rejuvenator - Field Implementation, Nitish R. Bastola, Mahdieh Khedmati, Hamzeh Haghshenas

Nebraska Department of Transportation: Research Reports

The use of Rejuvenating Agents (RAs), as Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) modifiers, has been increasing over the past years. However, the field performance of asphalt mixtures containing high-RAP materials and modified with RAs has raised some concerns regarding the long-term performance of RAs. This study evaluated the laboratory and field performance of high-RAP mixtures with and without bio-oil RA. Three sets of plant-produced specimens were collected: 1) laboratory-compacted; 2) field-compacted and cored after paving; and 3) field-compacted and cored after one and two years. The Hamburg Wheel Tracking (HWT) test was used to evaluate the specimens' resistance to rutting and …

Estimation Of The Service Life Of Span Structures In Predicting The Durability Of Reinforced Concrete Bridges, Sh.B. Akhmedov, Kh. Almenov, Sh.Sh. Shojalilov, Sh.Sh. Safarov

The Scientific Journal of Vehicles and Roads

In recent years, on the roads of Uzbekistan and other countries, there has been a dangerous increase in various damages in the operated superstructures, caused by an increase in the service life and traffic intensity of vehicles and cargo tension.

Indicators Of Determining The Productivity Of Motor Graders Under Natural Conditions, N.R. Aslonov, S.S. Yusubjonov, S.M. Mirkholiqov

The Scientific Journal of Vehicles and Roads

In the article, Motor Graders are self-propelled machines that level and shape the ground, and their equipment consists of a fully rotating blade overturner, located between the rear and front bridges of the pneumatic wheel drive.

Evaluation Of Reliability Indicators Of A Transformer Angular Displacement Transducer, S.F. Amirov, M.S. Yakubov, N.R. Yuldashev

The Scientific Journal of Vehicles and Roads

Based on the analysis of statistical data on the state of transformer angular displacement transducers, the following calculations of probabilistic reliability indicators were performed: failure rate, mean time to failure; the probability of failure-free operation with a sufficiently long operation and gamma-percentage resource; confidence upper and lower bounds are determined, under the chosen conditions of significance, the calculated values ​​satisfy Pearson's χ^2 criterion and therefore do not contradict the experimental data. By analyzing the selected levels of significance, the existence of exponential and normal laws in the laws of probability distribution was revealed.

Warranty And Post-Warranty Service For Vehicles, U.A. Nurullayev, D.M. Zukhurova

The Scientific Journal of Vehicles and Roads

This article examines the characteristics of warranty and post-warranty service, the specifics of the work to identify problems and take into account the prospects of warranty and post-warranty service development, and compares warranty and post-warranty service before and after equipment purchase.

Processing Of The Results Of Comparisons Of Verification Installations Of The Same Level Of Accuracy, A. Abdukayumov

The Scientific Journal of Vehicles and Roads

Methods of processing the results of comparisons of verification installations of the same level of accuracy on the example of frequency and time standards are considered. A comparative analysis of the methods used to compare the verification installations is performed. The conditions for confirming the metrological status (metrological characteristics) of the verification installations are noted. The method of comparison of verification installations of the same level of accuracy is proposed. The results of the study of the pairwise comparison of frequency and time standards, the difference of the arithmetic mean readings, estimates of the total variance, the arithmetic mean readings …

Method Of Determination Of Characteristics Of Crushed Rocks, B.Yе. Kosymbetov

The Scientific Journal of Vehicles and Roads

The article describes the properties of heat resistance and frost resistance of a cone crusher when crushing rocks, and it is established that the transported stones have an abrasive effect on the cone crusher during crushing. Efficiency, of the crushing chamber, the composition of stones in the deposit, the percentage of their correct use of crushing power during construction work. The abrasive wear of the working bodies of the conical crushers was revealed.

Evaluation Of The Efficiency Of Vehicles And Refrigeration Equipment Transporting Perishable Goods, Q.U. Urinbayev

The Scientific Journal of Vehicles and Roads

Today, the volume of exports and imports is growing, and the demand for food is growing as the world's population grows. Further improvement of the rules of transportation of goods by road, as well as improving the safety of transportation of perishable products is a very important issue. One of the vehicles designed to transport perishable goods in road transport is a refrigerator. Selecting the thickness of the panels for the refrigerator compartment of the refrigerator One of the main applications in rigid polyurethane foam is the use of turgon wall wall sandwich panels as a layer of thermal insulation …

Methods For Assessing The Efficiency Of Urban Public Transport, A.A. Nazarov

The Scientific Journal of Vehicles and Roads

The article presents methods for assessing the effectiveness of urban public transport based on the analysis of the operational characteristics of their types. Methods for a comprehensive assessment of options for solving the urban public transport system are analyzed.

Truss Bridge Damage Localization And Severity Estimation Using Influence Lines, Hamoud Alshallaqi

Civil and Environmental Engineering Theses and Dissertations

The safety of bridges is one of the primary concerns of researchers, engineers, and bridge owners and managers, especially when bridges are approaching the end of their intended service lives. The estimation of bridge condition and remaining service life is critical to prioritize the allocation of available funding for repairs and rehabilitation. Various methods, including both dynamic and static approaches, have been developed to detect and localize bridge damage and estimate its severity. This research presents a methodology for detecting a single damaged member in a truss bridge and estimating the severity of the damage using static vertical deflection influence …

Traffic Crash Prediction Using Machine Learning Models, Yifeng Chen

Dissertations and Theses

Traffic crashes account for most of casualties and injuries worldwide, and there has been growing concerns and studies regarding the contributing factors of traffic crashes. There are many factors causing or related to an occurrence of traffic crash, e.g., land use, traffic flow conditions, driver behavior and weather condition. This paper studied the spatial and temporal distribution of crashes on highway and developed real-time prediction models for crash occurrence. Traffic flow data, weather data, and crash data from multiple data sources were collected and processed to develop the model. Multiple machine learning models, such as SVM model and Decision Tree …

Indicator Of Accident And Analysis Of Existing Problems Of Ensuring Traffic Safety In Major Cities Of Uzbekistan, Jamshid Abdunazarov

Scientific-technical journal

This article is devoted to the analysis of accidents and road safety in large cities of the Republic of Uzbekistan such as Bukhara, Fergana and Samarkand. And also, statistical data of road traffic accidents are processed throughout the republic. Such factors as transport risk, social risk and severity of the consequences of a road traffic accident have been identified. In conclusion, the author's opinion on the factors affecting road safety in the republic is presented.

Cross-Checking Automated Passenger Counts For Ridership Analysis, Simon Berrebi, Sanskruti Joshi, Kari Watkins

Journal of Public Transportation

Due to concerns about data quality, Automated Passenger Counting technology has rarely been used to analyze local ridership trends. This paper presents a novel framework to test the consistency and completeness of passenger count data in four cities. The data are aggregated at the system level and compared with the National Transit Database between 2012 and 2018. In all four agencies, passenger counts closely follow the fluctuations observed in the national transit database. There is, however, a slight drift in two of the four agencies. At the stop-level, missing and duplicate vehicle-trips are identified using schedule data from the General …

Exploring Potential Impacts Of Connected And Automated Vehicle Technologies, Iman Mahdinia

Doctoral Dissertations

Connected and automated vehicle technologies have the potential to significantly improve transportation system performance. In particular, advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS), such as adaptive cruise control (ACC), cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC), pedestrian crash prevention (PCP) system, and advanced automated collision notification (ACN) system may lead to substantial improvements in performance by decreasing driver inputs and taking over control of the vehicle. The main questions that might arise are 1) how we can quantify the potential environmental and safety impacts of these technologies and 2) what the potential for these technologies is to address some of the important transportation-related problems. Due …

A Multilevel Study Of Driving Behavior And System Performance- Harnessing Large-Scale Naturalistic Driving And Conventional Safety Data, Amin Mohammadnazar

Doctoral Dissertations

The performance of a transportation system highly depends on the drivers’ behavior because driving behavior is one of the main causes of traffic accidents and one of the key factors in fuel consumption and vehicle emissions studies. Specifically, the focus of this dissertation is on aggressive driving who not only put their selves and others at risk but also contribute more to greenhouse gas emissions. Recently, the development of advanced sensors, connected vehicles (CVs), location-based services (LBS) provided unprecedented access to new high-resolution microscopic-level data which can be used to evaluate and monitor instantaneous driving behavior and safety performance of …

An Investigation Of The Flexural Strength And Toughness Of Hybrid Plain And Fiber Reinforced Concrete For Pavement Applications, Wesley Keys

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

For decades, many solutions have been evaluated to combat cracking in concrete pavements. The study presented in this paper evaluates and compares the flexural performance under a third point loading configuration of plain concrete (PC) beams, fully fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) beams, and hybrid PC and FRC beams, with a top PC and bottom FRC layer. The purpose of this hybrid approach was to provide FRC in only half the section, saving cost, while providing a PC surface layer that is easier to finish. All PC top layers were applied at an age of 7-days, considered a reasonable time for …

Retrospective Analysis Of Impacts Of Highway Bypass And Widening Projects, Sanjeev Bhurtyal

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Community members often worry that highway projects may have negative impacts on their local economies. This is typical for highway bypass and widening projects in small cities (population less than 50,000). It is a challenge for planners to balance public concerns of economic decline with desired project outcomes of mobility and safety. Much of this challenge stems from a lack of information on post-project outcomes related to economic and safety impacts of new construction projects. Thus, there is a need for an evidence-based framework to help planners with the decision-making process and better inform the community on potential outcomes. This …

Bridge Load Posting Prediction, Sabarethinam Kameshwar, Md. Manik Mia, Sai Bandaru

Publications

There are approximately 13,000 bridges in Louisiana facilitating movement of people, goods, and services. At present, about 12% of the bridges are load posted, i.e., they are deemed to lack the strength to safely carry all legal loads. With time bridges will age and deteriorate; at the same time, legal loads might increase. Load posted bridges disrupt the movement of goods and commerce. Therefore, objective of this research was to estimate the number of load posted bridges in Louisiana over the next 50 years. For this purpose, herein, a data based approach was used. For a given bridge type, the …

Catalyst Regeneration Of Rap-Binder In Asphalt, D. Spivak, Subramanian Balamurugan

Publications

Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) binders are difficult to reuse because they often contain associated/aggregated molecules with very high molecular weights. This is due to the polarity gained during oxidative aging, causing the aggregation to occur. These high molecular weight components are responsible for RAP binder’s increased viscosity and certain deteriorated rheological properties. One strategy to reuse RAP binder is to mix it with virgin asphalt binder and use this partially recycled mixture in asphalt. The RAP binder is usually improved before mixing by the addition of rejuvenators, softening agents, softer binders, and antioxidants to the asphalt binder mix to rebalance …

Smart Battery Management System For Electric Vehicles: Selflearning Algorithms For Simultaneous State And Parameter Estimation, And Stress Detection, Avimanyu Sahoo, Samir Ahmed

Publications

The project proposes to develop parameter-varying SOH-coupled models for lithium-ion battery and self-learning algorithms to learn the model for simultaneous state and parameter estimation and fault detection. The traditional battery models use constant parameters, limiting their accuracy for predicting the state of the charge and health over the complete life-cycle. In practice, the battery parameters vary with the change in the state of charge and state of health. SOH-coupled models can be used to estimate the state of charge and health accurately. Further, obtaining the model parameters is also a challenging task for designing filters or observers for state estimation. …

Expanding The Concept Of Comprehensive Area Ratio Parameter To The South-Central States: Towards Simplifying The Structural Evaluation Of Flexible Pavements At The Network Level, Mena Souliman, Samer Dessouky, Nitish R. Bastola

Publications

The surface deflection bowl data collected through falling weight deflectometer (FWD) test is utilized by highway agencies in assessing the performance of the flexible pavement. However, a robust method to evaluate pavement sections utilizing FWD data from all the sensors is seldom developed. There is always a need for DOTs and highway agencies to have a simplified procedure, which can be directly implemented in agencies' databases. This study focuses on expanding and validating the concept of previously developed area ratio parameters towards the pavement section of South-Central States (Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas) in effectively analyzing the pavement …

Field Implementation And Monitoring Of An Ultra-High Performance Concrete Bridge Deck Overlay, Craig Newtson, Brad Weldon, William Toledo, Andres Alvarez, Mark Manning

Publications

This project focused on field implementation of an ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) overlay during rehabilitation of an existing concrete bridge (No. 7032) deck in Socorro, New Mexico, USA. Bridge 7032 is a two-lane bridge that is approximately 300 ft. (91.4 m) long and 54 ft. (16.5 m) in width. Rehabilitation of bridge 7032 included removal of deteriorated concrete from the existing deck, installation of a high-performance deck (HPD) leveling course, and installation of a 1 in. (25 mm) UHPC overlay. An UHPC mixture with a 19.5 ksi (134 MPa) compressive strength developed in previous research was selected for this project. …

Effect Of Various Speed Management Strategies On Bicycle Crashes For Urban Roads In Central Florida, Jorge Ugan

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-

In recent years, cycling has become an increasingly popular transportation mode around the world. In contrast to other popular modes of transportation, cycling is more economic and energy efficient. While many studies have been conducted for the bicycle safety analysis, most of them were limited in terms of bicycle exposure data and on-street data. This study tries to improve the current safety performance functions for bicycle crashes at urban corridors by utilizing crowdsource data from STRAVA and on-street speed management strategies data. Speed management strategies are any roadway alterations that causes a change in motorists' driving behavior. In Florida, these …

Factors Influencing The Usage Of Shared E-Scooters : A Case Study Of Chicago, Farzana Mehzabin Tuli

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The rapid popularity growth of shared e-scooters creates the necessity of understanding the determinants of shared e-scooter usage. This thesis estimates the impacts of temporal variables (weather data, weekday/weekend, and gasoline prices) and time-invariant variables (socio-demographic, built environment, and neighborhood characteristics) on the shared e-scooter demand by using four months (June 2019- October 2019) period of data from the shared e-scooter pilot program in Chicago. The study employs a random-effects negative binomial (RENB) model that effectively models shared e-scooter trip origin and destination count data with over-dispersion while capturing serial autocorrelation in the data. Results of temporal variables indicate that …

Modeling Driver Distraction Mechanism And Its Safety Impact In Automated Vehicle Environment., Song Wang

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Automated Vehicle (AV) technology expects to enhance driving safety by eliminating human errors. However, driver distraction still exists under automated driving. The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) has defined six levels of driving automation from Level 0~5. Until achieving Level 5, human drivers are still needed. Therefore, the Human-Vehicle Interaction (HVI) necessarily diverts a driver’s attention away from driving. Existing research mainly focused on quantifying distraction in human-operated vehicles rather than in the AV environment. It causes a lack of knowledge on how AV distraction can be detected, quantified, and understood. Moreover, existing research in exploring AV distraction has mainly …

Data Driven Methods For Large Scale Network Level Traffic Modeling, Rezaur Rahman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-

Rapid growth in population along with urban-centric activities impose a massive demand on existing transportation systems, thus increasing traffic congestion and other mobility related challenges. To overcome such challenges, we need network-scale models to accurately predict real-time traffic demand and associated congestion. However, traditional network modeling approaches have shortcomings due to the complexity in traffic flow modeling, limited scope to incorporate real-time data available from emerging data sources and requiring excessive computation time to generate accurate estimation of traffic flows. Advancement in traffic sensing technologies with big data has created a new opportunity to overcome these challenges and implement deployable …

Relating The Dongre Workability Test To Cold In-Place Recycled Asphalt Pavements, Gus Williams

Civil Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

The Dongre Workability Test (DWT) is a test for determining an asphalt pavement’s relative workability from the stress-strain curve of a sample. While the DWT has seen favorable results with warm mix and hot mix asphalt, Casillas and Braham (2020) attempted to apply this test to cold in-place recycled (CIR) asphalt pavements with limited results. This paper looked at the process of reexamining the DWT method to more favorable results with CIR samples. Phase 1 consisted of defining ten possible metrics from the stress-strain curve and applying them to samples with three different curing conditions. From these preliminary results, the …

Chasing Target Zero: Contributing Factors Of Fatal Crashes In South Carolina, Matthew Stanley

All Theses

South Carolina consistently ranks in the top-10 in fatal crashes per 100,000 capita and 100 million vehicle miles traveled. This thesis summarizes an analysis of contributing factors for fatal crashes in South Carolina. A primary objective of this thesis is to investigate differences in contributing factors for fatal crashes as compared to all crashes in South Carolina. 2018 South Carolina fatal crashes (N=970) and all crashes (N=152,973) were analyzed and compared using classic Venn diagrams to compare differences in contributing factors between fatal crashes and all crashes. Fatal, non-fatal, and all crashes were aggregated into one of seven possible contributing …

Improve The Prediction Of Camber, Deflection, And Prestress Losses In Precast, Prestressed Concrete Bridge Girders, Ahmed Ali Hussein Al Mohammedi

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Many precast, prestressed concrete girders have camber less or higher than the design values. This discrepancy between the design and the actual camber creates construction problems when installing the cast-in-place concrete deck. The objective of this research was to improve the accuracy of estimating long-term camber, deflection, and prestress losses of precast, prestressed concrete girders.

The experimental program consisted of measuring concrete properties and performing field measurements of camber, deflection, and prestress losses for girders in Arkansas. The investigation involved testing nine full-scale girders from two prestressed concrete plants that regularly supply concrete girders to bridge projects in Arkansas. The …