Engineering Commons^™

Modeling At The Nanometric Scale Of Interfacial Defects Of A Semiconductor Heterostructure In The Isotropic And Anisotropic Cases For The Study Of The Influence Of Stresses, Ahmed Boussaha, Rafik Makhloufi, Rachid Benbouta, Mourad Brioua

Emirates Journal for Engineering Research

This work aims to determine the effect of stresses caused by dislocation networks placed at the interface of a semiconductor heterostructure of the thin GaAs/Si system. In this case, we use a mathematical modeling by Fourier series expansion to numerically simulate the stresses for the two cases of isotropic and anisotropic elasticity in order to predict the mechanical behavior of the heterostructure in the presence of interfacial dislocations while respecting well-defined stress boundary conditions. The elastic stress relaxation is reached for a layer thickness threshold of the GaAs deposit on the Si substrate not exceeding 5 nm.

Multi-Mode Regulation Of The Drying Process Of Industrial Gas, Isamidin Xakimovich Sidikov Pr, Nashvandova Gulruxsor Murot Qizi Phd

Technical science and innovation

Currently, much attention is paid to the issue of energy efficiency of gas processing enterprises. The continuous growth of world prices for energy resources requires constant improvement of the management system, providing the most optimal conditions for the flow of technological processes. A conceptual model of the heat-mass transfer process occurring in the absorber as an object of research has been developed, which characterizes the relationship of the variables involved in the drying process of natural gas, control, measurable and immeasurable, as well as controlled parameters have been selected, which are used to develop and study a mathematical model of …

Reducing Food Scarcity: The Benefits Of Urban Farming, S.A. Claudell, Emilio Mejia

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

Urban farming can enhance the lives of communities and help reduce food scarcity. This paper presents a conceptual prototype of an efficient urban farming community that can be scaled for a single apartment building or an entire community across all global geoeconomics regions, including densely populated cities and rural, developing towns and communities. When deployed in coordination with smart crop choices, local farm support, and efficient transportation then the result isn’t just sustainability, but also increasing fresh produce accessibility, optimizing nutritional value, eliminating the use of ‘forever chemicals’, reducing transportation costs, and fostering global environmental benefits.

Imagine Doris, who is …

Influence Of Forming Forces On Torsional, Tensile, And Compressive Deformation Of Paperboard Packages, Arvo Niini, Panu Tanninen, Juha Varis, Ville Leminen

Journal of Applied Packaging Research

Paperboard packages were tested mechanically to investigate influence of forming forces on torsional, tensile, and compressive deformation. The packages were paperboard trays which were press formed with different pressing forces and blank holder forces. Deformation of the trays was observed with torsion, compression, and tensile tests. A statistical analysis of test results was conducted to derive optimal forming forces. Increased pressing force yielded desirable deformation characteristics with the trays. Blank holder force had largest impact on the compressive deformation. Interaction of the pressing force and the blank holder force influenced the torsional and the compressive deformation. The optimal forming forces …

Enhancing Compatibility And Mechanical Properties Of Natural Rubber Composites, Krisma Yessi Sianturi, Adam Febriyanto Nugraha, Belle Kristaura, Mochamad Chalid

Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings (JMEF)

Pure natural rubber (NR) exhibits low mechanical properties, necessitating the incorporation of additives like vulcanizing agents and fillers. Carbon black and silica, conventional fillers, are relatively expensive and not environmentally friendly. This study explores using Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) fiber as an affordable, abundant, and biodegradable alternative filler for NR. However, compatibility issues arise between the nonpolar NR and the polar OPEFB fiber. A latex-starch hybrid coupling agent (CA (NR-St)) was added to the composite formulation to address this. NR, OPEFB fiber, and the coupling agent were mixed using an open roll mill with a 10 phr OPEFB …

Effect Of Blank Moisture Content On Forming Behaviour And Mechanical Properties Of Paperboard Tray Packages, Arvo Niini, Lena Berthold, Tobias Müller, Panu Tanninen, Jens-Peter Majschak, Juha Varis, Ville Leminen

Journal of Applied Packaging Research

Tray blanks were moisturised to study the effect of different blank moisture content levels on forming behaviour and mechanical properties of paperboard tray packages. The blank moisturisation was done by spraying water to the blanks before their three-dimensional (3D) forming. The trays were 3D formed by press forming or deep drawing. Visual quality and punch force values were used as indicators to evaluate the forming behaviour of the trays. The mechanical properties of the trays were investigated with compression, torsion, and storing tests. A high blank moisture content reduced the punch force, and the elevated blank moisture was connected to …

Freespan Analysis For Subsea Pipeline Integrity Management Strategy, Nurul Hadi, Muhammad Helmi, Edo Cathaputra, Dedi Priadi, Donanta Dhaneswara

Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings (JMEF)

Abstract. Over a rough seabed or on seabed subject to scour, freespans can occur when contact between a subsea pipeline and the seabed is lost over an acceptable distance. When this exceeds the allowable freespan length, design stresses can be exceeded, and a vortex induced vibration (VIV) response can be initiated, resulting in the risk of fatigue failure. If this is not predicted and controlled properly, it will affect pipeline integrity, leading to expensive rectification and intervention work. Freespan analysis consisted primarily of a screening check in which the as-found freespans from Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) or multibeam Side …

The Design And Manufacturing Of An Environmental Chamber To Test Microelectronic Devices, William Graber, Aniket Roy Chowdhury

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Dispersions Of Al2o3 On The Physical And Mechanical Properties Of Pure Copper And Copper-Nickel Alloy, Samah El-Khatib, A. H. Elsayed, A. Y. Shash, A. El-Habak

Future Engineering Journal

This paper illustrates the mechanical and physical properties of pure Cu and Cu-Ni (50-50 wt. %) alloy mixed with Al₂O₃ (1-4 wt. %) as micro-particles reinforcement materials. The attained composite alloy specimens' characteristics were estimated such as microstructure, relative density, electrical and thermal conductivity, hardness, and compression yield stress properties to adjust the suitable optimum percentage of reinforcing material which has the best physical and mechanical properties with different main matrix materials whether pure Cu powder or Cu-Ni mechanical alloy. The micron-sized Al₂O₃ was added to enhance the mechanical and physical properties of the …

Influence Of Parameters Of Non-Standard Modes Of Heat Treatment On Increasing The Wear Resistance Of Steel Products, Dorob Murotovich Berdiyev Dsn, Abdulaziz Abdullajanovich Yusupov Head Teacher, Ravshan Kobilovich Tashmatov Doctoral Student, Tuychi Nemat Ogli Ibodullayev Assistant, Kabira Erkinovna Qurbonova Head Teacher

Scientific-technical journal

The use of non-standard modes of heat treatment increases the density of dislocations in the crystal structure of the α-phase and increases the wear resistance of carbon, low-alloy steels under various friction conditions, which is comparable to the results when heated to a standard temperature (Ac₃+30÷50 °C). The preliminary extreme heating temperature is determined. After re-quenching at standard temperature and low tempering, the wear resistance of steels under various types of friction increases by up to 40 % compared to standard quenching.

Influence Of Parameters Of Non-Standard Modes Of Heat Treatment On Increasing The Wear Resistance Of Steel Products, Dorob Murotovich Berdiyev Dsn, Abdulaziz Abdullajanovich Yusupov Head Teacher, Ravshan Kobilovich Tashmatov Doctoral Student, Tuychi Nemat Ogli Ibodullayev Assistant, Kabira Erkinovna Qurbonova Head Teacher

Scientific-technical journal

The use of non-standard modes of heat treatment increases the density of dislocations in the crystal structure of the α-phase and increases the wear resistance of carbon, low-alloy steels under various friction conditions, which is comparable to the results when heated to a standard temperature (Ac₃+30÷50 °C). The preliminary extreme heating temperature is determined. After re-quenching at standard temperature and low tempering, the wear resistance of steels under various types of friction increases by up to 40 % compared to standard quenching.

Advances In The Application Of Biomimetic Surface Engineering In The Oil And Gas Industry, Yanbao Guo, Zheng Zhang, Siwei Zhang

Friction

Friction is widespread in almost every field in the oil and gas industry, and it is accompanied by huge energy losses and potential safety hazards. To deal with a series of questions in this regard, biomimetic surfaces have been developed over the past decades to significantly reduce economic losses. Presently, biomimetic surface engineering on different scales has been successfully introduced into related fields of the oil and gas industry, such as drill bits and the inner surfaces of pipes. In this review, we focused on the most recent and promising efforts reported toward the application of a biomimetic surface in …

Rubber Plunger Surface Texturing For Friction Reduction In Medical Syringes, Haytam Kasem, Harel Shriki, Lihi Ganon, Michael Mizrahi, Kareem Abd-Rbo, Abraham J. Domb

Friction

Friction is a genuine issue in the use of many medical devices involving rubbery materials such as plungers in medical syringes. This paper presents a new direction for the reduction of friction in medical syringes based on surface texturing of the rubber plunger. The specimens were prepared by casting poly(vinylsiloxane) (PVS) rubber into a pre-fabricated negative template obtained by 3D printing. Friction tests were performed on a home-made test-rig. It was clearly shown that friction resistance can be considerably manipulated when using textured plungers.

Erosive Wear Properties Of Za-27 Alloy-Based Nanocomposites: Influence Of Type, Amount, And Size Of Nanoparticle Reinforcements, Aleksandar Vencl, Ilija Bobić, Biljana Bobić, Kristina Jakimovska, Petr Svoboda, Mara Kandeva

Friction

Metal matrix nanocomposites (MMnCs) comprise a metal matrix filled with nanosized reinforcements with physical and mechanical properties that are very different from those of the matrix. In ZA-27 alloy-based nanocomposites, the metal matrix provides ductility and toughness, while usually used ceramic reinforcements give high strength and hardness. Tested ZA-27 alloy-based nanocomposites, reinforced with different types (SiC and Al2O3), amounts (0.2 wt.%, 0.3 wt.%, and 0.5 wt.%) and sizes (25 nm, 50 nm, and 100 nm) of nanoparticles were produced through the compocasting process with mechanical alloying pre-processing (ball milling). It was previously shown that the presence of nanoparticles in ZA-27 …

Friction And Wear Behaviors Of Mos2-Multi-Walled-Carbon-Nanotube Hybrid Reinforced Polyurethane Composite Coating, Zhaozhu Zhang, Mingming Yang, Junya Yuan, Fang Guo, Xuehu Men

Friction

MoS2-multi-walled-carbon-nanotube (MWCNT) hybrids containing two-dimensional MoS2 and one-dimensional MWCNTs were synthesized through a one-step hydrothermal reaction. X-ray-diffraction and transmission-electron-microscopy results demonstrated that MoS2 nanosheets were successfully synthesized, and uniformly anchored on the MWCNTs' surfaces. Furthermore, the effects of the MoS2-MWCNT hybrids on the tribological performances of polyurethane composite coatings were investigated using a UMT-2MT tribo-tester. Friction and wear test results revealed that the friction coefficient and wear rate of a 3 wt% MoS2-MWCNT-1 filled polyurethane composite coating were reduced by 25.6% and 65.5%, respectively. The outstanding tribological performance of the MoS2-MWCNT-1 reinforced polyurethane composite coating was attributed to the excellent …

Sliding Friction Of Shale Rock On Dry Quartz Sand Particles, Huijie Zhang, Shuhai Liu, Huaping Xiao

Friction

The sliding friction of rock, involving all kinds of particles at the contact surface, is relevant to many problems, ranging from those in artificial engineering to earthquake dynamics. In this work, the frictional performance of the shale rock-dry quartz sand contact was investigated using a self-developed testing device. The study showed that the coefficient of friction of the contact increases with nominal stress and that the corresponding friction force increases approximately linearly with nominal stress, which is directly related to the contact stress between each single sand particle and rock shale. An overall dynamic coefficient, γ, reflecting the response of …

Friction Predication On Pin-To-Plate Interface Of Ptfe Material And Steel, Zhuming Bi, Donald W. Mueller

Friction

In this paper, the friction behavior at a pin-to-plate interface is investigated. The pin and plate are made of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and steel, respectively, and there is a reciprocating motion at the interface. Governing mathematical models for the relations of design variables and frictions are investigated, and a general procedure is proposed to solve the developed models and predict the friction forces at the interface subjected to given test conditions. Novel models have been developed to represent intrigued friction behaviors affected by various factors such as pin geometrics and finishes, lubrication conditions, and reciprocating speed. The test data from experiments …

Significant Friction Reduction Of High-Intensity Pulsed Ion Beam Irradiated Wc-Ni Against Graphite Under Water Lubrication, Gaolong Zhang, Yuechang Wang, Ying Liu, Xiangfeng Liu, Yuming Wang

Friction

Two types of commercial WC-Ni samples were irradiated with the High-intensity pulsed ion beam (HIPIB). Both the surface characteristics and tribo-characteristics of the non-irradiated and irradiated WC-Ni samples, sliding against graphite under water lubrication, were compared. Quite low steady friction coefficients (approximately of 0.02) of the irradiated WC-Ni were observed. The surface topographies and components were investigated. The quite low friction of the irradiated WC-Ni samples was ascribed to the higher fluid retention capability of the latter and the tribofilm formed during sliding.

Metal-Containing Nanomaterials As Lubricant Additives: State-Of-The-Art And Future Development, Igor E. Uflyand, Vladimir A. Zhinzhilo, Victoria E. Burlakova

Friction

This review focuses on the effect of metal-containing nanomaterials on tribological performance in oil lubrication. The basic data on nanolubricants based on nanoparticles of metals, metal oxides, metal sulfides, nanocomposities, and rare-earth compounds are generalized. The influence of nanoparticle size, morphology, surface functionalization, and concentration on friction and wear is analyzed. The lubrication mechanisms of nanolubricants are discussed. The problems and prospects for the development of metal-containing nanomaterials as lubricant additives are considered. The bibliography includes articles published during the last five years.

Experimental Study On The Tribo-Chemical Smoothening Process Between Self-Mated Silicon Carbide In A Water-Lubricated Surface-Contact Reciprocating Test, Le Jin, Herbert Scheerer, Georg Andersohn, Matthias Oechsner, Dieter Hellmann

Friction

Silicon carbide (SiC) can be tribo-chemically smoothened during a self-mated sliding procedure in the aqueous environment. As well reported in the point-contact tests, this smoothening process works well due to the abundant water as oxidant. After this smoothening process, the tribo-surface is well polished, a closely mated tribo-gap naturally forms, and an ultra-low friction state is built. However, water in the tribo-gap could be insufficient in industrial applications, e.g., the seal gap in mechanical seals. In this study, the tribo-chemical smoothening behavior in such environment was researched. A surface-contact reciprocating test was used to simulate the aqueous environment where water …

Water-Based Superlubricity In Vacuum, Chen Xiao, Jinjin Li, Lei Chen, Chenhui Zhang, Ningning Zhou, Tao Qing, Linmao Qian, Jiyang Zhang, Jianbin Luo

Friction

This study achieved water-based superlubricity with the lubrication of H3PO4 solution in vacuum (highest vacuum degree <10-4 torr) for the first time by performing a pre-running process in air before running in vacuum. The stable water-based superlubricity was sustainable in vacuum (0.02 torr) for 14 h until the test was stopped by the user for non-experimental factor. A further analysis suggested that the superlubricity may be attributed to the phosphoric acid-water network formed in air, which can efficiently lock water molecules in the liquid lubricating film even in vacuum owing to the strong hydrogen bond interaction. Such capability to lock water is strongly affected by the strength of hydrogen bond and environmental conditions. The realization of water-based superlubricity with H3PO4 solution in vacuum can lead to its application in space environment.

Tribological Performance Of Novel Nickel-Based Composite Coatings With Lubricant Particles, Ignacio Tudela, Andrew J. Cobley, Yi Zhang

Friction

The present study is focused on the evaluation of the tribological performance of novel Ni/hBN and Ni/WS2 composite coatings electrodeposited from an additive-free Watts bath with the assistance of ultrasound. Lubricated and non-lubricated scratch tests were performed on both novel composite coatings and on standard Ni deposits used as a benchmark coating to have an initial idea of the effect of the presence of particles within the Ni matrix. Under lubricated conditions, the performance of the Ni/hBN composite coating was very similar to the benchmark Ni coating, whereas the Ni/WS2 behaved quite differently, as the latter did not only show …

Numerical Analysis Of Time-Varying Wear With Elastic Deformation In Line Contact, Wanglong Zhan, Ping Huang

Friction

Wear is an important factor for failures of mechanical components. Current research on wear is mainly focused on experiments while the numerical simulation of wear is hardly used owing to the complexities of the wear process. Explaining the effect of friction on the wear process is important, as it will lead to a deeper understanding of the evolution of wear. This study proposed a numerical method to expound the wear process in the contact between an elastic cylinder and a half-space simulating the ring-block tester. There are two difficulties during the calculation; one is that the contact shapes vary with …

The Concept Of The Mathematical Description Of The Multi-Coordinate Mechatronic Module Of The Robot, Temurbek Omonboyevich Rakhimov

Acta of Turin Polytechnic University in Tashkent

The article deals with the concept of mathematical de- scription of multi-coordinate mahatronic modules of robots. The main results of the work are a generalized structure of a multi- coordinate mechatronic module of motion, a kinematic diagram of an electromagnetic multi-coordinate mechatronic module with three independent coordinate linear and angular movements is proposed, consisting of four electromagnets, controlled couplings designed to transmit the reciprocating motion of the moving parts of electro- magnets to the output rods and a cable, which are associated with the links of work and bringing them into linear and angular mo- tion. A simulation model of …

Application Of Random Geometric Imperfection Method To Nonlinear Buckling Analysis Of Spherical Shell, Zhixin Xiong, Zhiquan Huang, Xiaochuan Yu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

This paper focuses on spherical shells with random geometric imperfections under uniform external pressure. An extensive numerical investigation is performed to calculate the buckling loads of perfect and imperfect spherical shells. To discuss the effects of initial geometric imperfections, a finite element analysis model of the perfect spherical shell is considered to obtain its first 60 modes. Then, the consistent imperfect buckling analysis method is applied to analyze the nonlinear stability of the spherical shells with geometric imperfections. The shapes of the shell in the 1st to 20th eigenmode are considered. A lower buckling load is found corresponding to the …

Fe Modeling Methodology For Load Analysis And Preliminary Sizing Of Aircraft Wing Structure, Jun Hwan Jang, Sang Ho Ahn

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

It is a critical part at the basic design phase of aircraft structural design to build a finite element model and it will have a direct impact on time and cost for airframe structure development. In addition, the objective of finite element model will be varied depending on each design review phase and the modelling methodology varied accordingly. In order to build an effective and economic finite element model, it is required to develop adequate level of modelling methodology based on each design phase and its objectives. Therefore, in this paper, the finite element modeling methodology was presented for internal …

Mechanical Characterization Of Expanded Polystyrene Spheres Embed Sandwich Composites For Packaging Applications, Maheswaran R, Arockia Reemas S

Journal of Applied Packaging Research

This paper addresses on study of development of new packaging material comprising Expanded Polystyrene Spheres (EPS) embedded epoxy polymer based sandwich composites with aluminium skin. The density of the packing material is controlled by varying the volume of embedded spheres. In this study, the Flexural and Compression performance of Expanded Polystyrene Spheres (EPS) embedded polymer based sandwich composites with aluminium skin are investigated. The EPS volume percent in the core is 25% with epoxy matrix which makes the the density less than 1 g/cm3 for the composite. The fabricated Sandwich Composite are very light weight, the density is less than …

Experimental Tests And Numerical Simulations For Failure Investigation On Corrugated Boxes Used On Household Appliance Packaging, Diego Fernandes Rodrigues, José Carlos Pereira

Journal of Applied Packaging Research

Packages made of corrugated paper are fundamental to the protection, transportation and handling of the appliance product market. During the storage and sales stages of a product, the package must resist compressive loads in different directions beyond moderate impacts. In this context, the objective of this work is to develop and implement a post-processor that allows the simultaneous analysis of two of the most common failure modes of packages made of corrugated paper: failure due to tensile or compressive stress limit, and failure due to local buckling, when the buckling of the faces of the corrugated paper between two peaks …

Review Of Challenges And Advances In Modification Of Food Package Headspace Gases, Ziynet Boz, Bruce A. Welt, Jeffrey K. Brecht, William Pelletier, Eric Mclamore, Gregory A. Kiker, Jason E. Butler

Journal of Applied Packaging Research

Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) has been widely used as an effective way to preserve foods. Fresh produce, meat and meat products, seafood, and dairy products can benefit from modified gaseous atmospheres, which are usually achieved by reducing oxygen and increasing carbon dioxide concentrations, within limits, defined by product tolerances. MAP of fresh produce is particularly challenging because products are living and respiring. Respiration rates depend on several factors including temperature, oxygen, and carbon dioxide concentrations. Balancing package permeation with respiration is challenging, often due to limited selection of practical packaging materials. Failing to remain within tolerance limits of products leads …

Predictive Modeling Of Oxygen Transmission Through Micro-Perforations For Packaging Applications, Ayman Abdellatief, Bruce A. Welt, Jason Butler, Eric Mclamore, Arthur Teixeira, Sanjay Shukla

Journal of Applied Packaging Research

Methods for creating precise perforations in respiring produce packaging are being increasingly adopted. Knowledge of oxygen transfer through perforated packaging and oxygen distribution in packages is necessary for successful packaging design of fresh produce. An approach to modeling perforated packaging performance was developed using a cylindrical chamber with precision perforations using Fick’s second law. The model was simulated using two techniques including Finite Element Method (FEM) using commercially available software and Finite Volume Method (FVM) through programming. Perforations were approximated as a source term in the second method. Both simulation techniques showed trends similar to experimental data.