Engineering Commons^™

Florida Rural Small Business Energy Assistance Collaborative Cumulative Report Ending December 31, 2016, Florida Solar Energy Center, Janet Mcilvaine

FSEC Energy Research Center®

The U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Rural Development initiative reaches out to communities across America with many programs (http://www.rd.usda.gov/programs-services/all-programs). USDA's Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) offers grants and loan guarantees for energy efficiency improvements and renewable energy systems to agriculture operations and qualifying rural small businesses. USDA has awarded the University of Central Florida a grant to provide a limited number of subsidized Energy Audits to eligible businesses in Florida in support of USDA Rural Development (USDA-RD) Grant and Loan programs for rural small businesses. The ultimate goal of the energy audits is to increase participation in REAP. Audits …

Phased Retrofits In Existing Homes In Florida Phase Ii: Shallow Plus Retrofits [Revised], Florida Solar Energy Center, Karen Sutherland

FSEC Energy Research Center®

The U.S. Department of Energy Building America team Partnership for Improved Residential Construction is collaborating with Florida Power & Light Company (FPL) to conduct a phased residential energy-efficiency retrofit program. This research seeks to determine the impacts on annual energy reductions from the installation of advanced residential technologies. Earlier project work involving the application of two levels of retrofit, shallow and deep, found average savings of 9% and 38%, respectively. Whole-house demand reduction among the deep retrofit homes averaged 39% during FPL's peak summer hour. These savings levels approach the Building America program goals of reducing whole-house energy use of …

The Subject Librarian Newsletter, Nanoscience, Fall 2016, Sandy Avila

Libraries' Newsletters

No abstract provided.

Energy-Efficient Management Of Mechanical Ventilation And Relative Humidity In Hot-Humid Climates, Florida Solar Energy Center, Charles Withers, Jr.

FSEC Energy Research Center®

The U.S. Department of Energy's Building America research team Building America Partnership for Improved Residential Construction conducted this research project to gain data and insight into these issues. The project focused on energy-efficient management of mechanical ventilation and RH during the cooling season. It consisted of eight test configurations. A particular focus evaluated how well a ductless seasonal energy-efficiency ratio (SEER) 21.5 mini-split heat pump (MSHP) could perform as the primary cooling system without a dehumidifier for supplemental dehumidification in a continuously mechanically ventilated house.

Effect Of Ducted Hpwh On Space-Conditioning And Water Heating Energy Use -- Central Florida Lab Home, Florida Solar Energy Center, Carlos Colon

FSEC Energy Research Center®

The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of ducted heat pump water heaters (HPWHs) on space-conditioning and water heating energy use in residential applications. Two identical HPWHs, each with a capacity of 60 gal, were tested side by side at the Flexible Residential Test Facility (FRTF) laboratories on the Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC) campus in Cocoa, Florida. The FRTF's residential buildings feature the same square footage (1,535 ft2 ), orientation, and envelope characteristics; currently, the only difference between them is the finished floor material. The east FRTF building is furnished with standard carpet flooring, whereas the …

Ev Workplace Charging Energy Use And Cost Case Study, Florida Solar Energy Center, Richard Raustad

FSEC Energy Research Center®

Efforts to increase the availability of plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) charging stations have focused on expanding public charging stations, promoting charging at the workplace and using charging stations as a shopping incentive for retail stores. This report examines the costs and energy uses to provide the charging service. Rapidly charging a PEV requires expensive electric equipment and can lead to high operating costs due to electrical demand charges. This project presents results from a detailed case study for 5 PEV chargers where the charger electricity costs are a part of a facilities electric bill. Also presented are options for minimizing …

Comparison Of The Modes And Mechanisms Of Degradation Of Experimental C-Si Pv Modules With Various Encapsulants, October 2016, Florida Solar Energy Center, Neelkanth Dhere

FSEC Energy Research Center®

Seven modules with different encapsulants, provided by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), were installed at the Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC) outdoor test facility for long-term durability testing in the hot and humid climate of Florida. Along with the modules, NREL also provided corresponding load resistors, junction boxes, and module connections. The modules were installed at latitude tilt, on a south facing rack on March 20, 2014.During project different types of tests such as visual inspection in environmental conditions and infrared imaging and I-V characterization were carried out on the seven module

Cost Analysis Of Workplace Charging For Electric Vehicles, Florida Solar Energy Center, Richard Raustad

FSEC Energy Research Center®

This report examines the life-cycle costs associated with the operation of electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) and the impact that plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) charging may have on commercial building electricity cost. This study assumed that a utility electric meter was attached to each charging station and that 10 kWh of energy was required to replenish the energy consumed during a typical 35-mile daily work commute. Through a life-cycle assessment of typical EVSE equipment, including first cost and maintenance and operating costs, it was found that AC Level 1 or 2 workplace charging can be similar to or lower in …

Lennar Ventures Power Purchase Agreement Analysis, Florida Solar Energy Center, Philip Fairey

FSEC Energy Research Center®

An analysis was performed to determine the cost-effectiveness of photovoltaic (PV) system Power Purchase Agreements for prototype homes in 13 United States climate locations. EnergyGauge® USA v.5.1 software was used to simulate the energy use of one-story, three-bedroom, 2000 ft² , single-family, frame prototype homes in thirteen representative U.S. climates comprising six IECC climate zones. The same software was used to simulate the power production of PV systems designed to provide approximately 75% of the annual electric energy required by the prototype homes. The net present value (NPV) of the photovoltaic PPA was then calculated as the difference in …

Flexible Residential Test Facility: Impact Of Infiltration And Ventilation On Measured Cooling Season Energy And Moisture Levels (2016), Florida Solar Energy Center, Danny Parker

FSEC Energy Research Center®

Originally published in January 2014, this revision of the report clarifies and corrects references to Standard 62.2 as the 2013 version (62.2-2013), and it corrects the total CFM requirement for the subject buildings under the standard. Further, two plots have been updated to distinguish between the mechanical CFM and the total CFM required for the subject buildings under Standard 62.2-2013.

Evaluation Of The Impact Of Slab Foundation Heat Transfer On Heating And Cooling In Florida, Florida Solar Energy Center, Danny Parker

FSEC Energy Research Center®

The U.S. Department of Energy's Building America Partnership for Improved Residential Construction (BA-PIRC) performed experiments in the Florida Solar Energy Center's Flexible Residential Test Facility intended to assess for the first time (1) how slab-on-grade construction influences interior cooling in a cooling-dominated climate and (2) how the difference in a carpeted versus uncarpeted building might influence heating and cooling energy use.

Final Report: Cooling Seasonal Energy And Peak Demand Impacts Of Improved Duct Insulation On Fixed-Capacity (Seer 13) And Variable-Capacity (Seer 22) Heat Pumps, Florida Solar Energy Center, Charles Withers, Jr.

FSEC Energy Research Center®

Previous phase 1, 2, and 3 research identified that duct conductive losses to an attic environment imposed greater relative energy losses for the variable-capacity systems compared to the fixed-capacity systems (Cummings and Withers 2011) because of the longer dwell time of conditioned air in the ducts. The purpose of the Phase 4 experiments reported here was to see if duct R-value enhancement would benefit the overall operating efficiency of the variable-capacity system relatively more than the fixed-capacity system. The current Phase 4 experiments (the primary focus of this report) found that this was a secondary effect.

Florida Rural Small Business Energy Assistance Collaborative Cumulative Report Ending July 31, 2016, Florida Solar Energy Center, Janet Mcilvaine

FSEC Energy Research Center®

The U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Rural Development initiative reaches out to communities across America with many programs (http://www.rd.usda.gov/programs-services/all-programs). USDA's Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) offers grants and loan guarantees for energy efficiency improvements and renewable energy systems to agriculture operations and qualifying rural small businesses. USDA has awarded the University of Central Florida a grant to provide a limited number of subsidized Energy Audits to eligible businesses in Florida in support of USDA Rural Development (USDA-RD) Grant and Loan programs for rural small businesses. The ultimate goal of the energy audits is to increase participation in …

Cost Effectiveness Of Energy Efficiency And On-Site Photovoltaic Power For 2015 Iecc Energy Rating Index (Eri) Compliance (Draft), Florida Solar Energy Center, Philip Fairey

FSEC Energy Research Center®

EnergyGauge® USA v.5.1 is used to simulate the energy use of one-story, three-bedroom, 2000 ft² , single-family, frame homes in sixteen representative U.S. climates comprising all eight IECC climate zones. The energy use of the Section R406.2 minimum efficiency home (the Baseline Home) is compared against the energy use of homes complying with the prescriptive requirements of Section R402 of the 2015 IECC and against homes complying with the Section R406 Energy Rating Index (ERI) Compliance Alternative. The improvement cost and energy savings of the improved homes relative to the Baseline Home are then used to determine the cost …

2015 Electric Vehicle Market Summary And Barriers, Florida Solar Energy Center, David Block

FSEC Energy Research Center®

The object of this research report is to present the current market status of plug-in-electric vehicles (PEVs) and to predict their future penetration within the world and U.S. markets. The sales values for 2015 show that China leads in yearly sales at 214,283 (triple increase for 2014) followed by Western Europe at 184,500 vehicles sold. The U.S. is third at 115,262 followed by Japan at 46,339 vehicles. These four countries comprise 95% of the global sales market. The world total of EV sales for 2015 is estimated to be 565,668 up from 315,519 in 2014. This data also shows that …

Evaluating The Economic Impacts Of The Legislatively Delayed Provisions Of The 5th Edition (2014) Florida Building Code (Final Report), Florida Solar Energy Center, Robin Vieira

FSEC Energy Research Center®

This research provides an assessment of the potential economic impacts of implementing three legislatively delayed requirements of the Florida Building Code, 5th Edition (2014): 1) residential air leakage testing, 2) residential whole-house mechanical ventilation, and 3) two fire service access elevators for applicable buildings.

Automated, Autonomous And Connected Vehicle Technology Assessment, Florida Solar Energy Center, David Block

FSEC Energy Research Center®

The U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) and almost every state DOT are showing extreme interest in the application of automated and connected vehicles (ACV). This combined application can significantly reduce crashes, energy consumption, pollution and the costs of congestion which in turn will offer a fundamental change to the U.S. transportation network and system. The objective of this technology assessment project is to evaluate the vehicle technologies, actions, laws and policies that are now in place and to assess their future usage. The assessment also evaluates the highest level of automated vehicles called autonomous or self-driving vehicles. In fact, autonomous …

Comprehensive Modeling Of Optimal Paths To Reach Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (Nzebs) For New Constructions In Europe, Florida Solar Energy Center, Delia D'Agostino

FSEC Energy Research Center®

As established by the recast of the European Union (EU) Directive on Energy Performance of Buildings (EPBD), all new buildings have to be nearly zero energy buildings (nZEBs) by the end of 2020. However, reaching this result considering cost-optimality is still an open challenge. Balancing renewable power generation with energy efficiency to reach the nZEB target is a key goal of all EU Member States. We describe results obtained from the modeling of nZEBs for new constructions in Europe using the energy performance software EnergyPlus. The model performs hourly sequential simulations showing how to best achieve nearly zero energy home …

Phased Retrofits In Existing Homes In Florida Phase I: Shallow And Deep Retrofits (February 2016), Florida Solar Energy Center, Danny Parker

FSEC Energy Research Center®

The U.S. Department of Energy's Building America research team Building America Partnership for Improved Residential Construction is collaborating with Florida Power & Light (FPL) to conduct a phased residential energy-efficiency retrofit program. This research seeks to establish impacts on annual energy and peak energy reductions from the technologies applied at two levels of retrofit--shallow and deep--with savings levels that approach the Building America program goal of reducing whole-house energy use by 40%.

Relationship Between The Home Energy Score (Hes) And The Home Energy Rating System (Hers), Florida Solar Energy Center, Philip Fairey

FSEC Energy Research Center®

A significant cohort of approximately 2,900 registered home energy ratings using the REM/Rate HERS software tool, as reported to RESNET, are subjected to statistical analysis by the Dillon Group, Inc. The statistical analysis determines the distribution of HES results as a function of home energy efficiency as measured by the minimum standards of the 2009 IECC and by EPA’s ENERGY STAR program.

In addition, a parametric simulation analysis is conducted by the Florida Solar Energy Center using EnergyGauge® USA version 5.0, a RESNET-accredited HERS software tool, to determine the relationship between HES scores and the HERS Index. The parametric analysis …

Fundamental Understanding Of Interactions Among Flow, Turbulence, And Heat Transfer In Jet Impingement Cooling, Md. Jahed Hossain

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The flow physics of impinging jet is very complex and is not fully understood yet. The flow field in an impingement problem comprised of three different distinct regions: a free jet with a potential core, a stagnation region where the velocity goes to zero as the jet impinges onto the wall and a creation of wall jet region where the boundary layer grows radially outward after impinging. Since impingement itself is a broad topic, effort is being made in the current study to narrow down on three particular geometric configurations (a narrow wall, an array impingement configuration and a curved …

Shock Tube And Mid-Infrared Laser Absorption Measurements Of Ignition Delay Times And Species Time-Histories, Batikan Koroglu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Energy consumption has increased dramatically as the world advances and becomes more industrialized. Over the next twenty five years, the U.S. Department of Energy expects the energy demand to increase by 29% with majority of the new energy coming from natural gas (methane). Another promising fuel source for power generation and transportation is the biofuels. The biofuel use in the US is shown to have increased substantially in the last decade. There are serious environmental concerns associated with greenhouse (e.g. carbon-dioxide) and toxic gas emissions (e.g. nitrogen oxides and aldehydes such as propanal) due to deriving energy from natural gas …

Investigation Of Real Gas Effects On Centrifugal Compressor Analytical Methods For Supercritical Co2 Power Cycles, Lauren Blanchette

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

As supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) power cycles have shown potential to be the next generation power cycle, an immense amount of research has gone into developing this system. One of the setbacks facing development and optimization of this cycle is the unknown in current design and analysis methods ability to accurately model turbomachinery working with sCO2. Due to the desired inlet conditions to the compressor close proximity to the critical point, accurate design and analysis of this power cycle component is one of the main concerns. The present study provides aerodynamic analysis of a centrifugal compressor impeller blade with sCO2 …

Optimal Switch Timing For Piezoelectric-Based Semi-Active Vibration Reduction Techniques, Christopher Kelley

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Semi-active vibration reduction techniques switch a piezoelectric transducer between an open circuit and a shunt circuit in a way that reduces vibration. The steady-state vibration amplitude is reduced by exploiting the change in stiffness between states, manipulating the converted electrical energy, or both. Semi-active techniques typically require four switches per vibration cycle. Control laws such as state switching and synchronized switch damping require switches to occur at every displacement extrema. Due to the complexity of analyzing a system with discrete switches, these control laws were developed based on intuition. The few analyses that attempt to determine an optimal switching law …

The Effect Of Vibrations On Cryogens Boil Off During Launch, Transfer And Transport, Erin Schlichenmaier

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Boil-off of a cryogenic fluid which is caused by the temperature difference between the fluid and its environment is a phenomenon which has long been studied and is well understood. However, vibrational excitation of a cryogenic storage tank and the fluid inside it also play a role in the loss of cryogens. Mechanical energy applied to the system in the form of vibrational input is converted into thermal energy via viscous damping of the fluid. As a result, when a storage tank full of cryogenic fluids is vibrated, it boils off at an increased rate. A series of experiments were …

Transient Cfd Analysis Of Autorotation Using Hybrid Les And Adaptive Mesh Morphing Techniques, Patricia Coronado Domenge

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) based turbulence modeling is a developing area of research in Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI). There is considerable scope for further scientific research in this field and this dissertation aims to extend it to the study of flow-induced motion. The emphasis of this work is on autorotation, an important category of flow-induced motion that is commonly seen in energy applications such as wind turbines and in aviation applications such as the autogyro. In contrast to existing works on FSI that typically assume prescribed motion of structures in a flow field, this research develops LES based FSI studies for large-scale …

Study On Anisotropic Plasticity And Fracture Of Lightweight Metal Sheets, Yueqian Jia

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

How to reduce weight and increase fuel efficiency is a critical challenge in transportation industries. One way to resolve the problem is to adopting lightweight alloys (i.e. advanced high strength steel, aluminum alloys, or magnesium alloy) in structure designs and manufacturing. Fully understanding the mechanical properties of these materials is a key step. In order to fully characterize the plasticity and fracture of magnesium AZ31B-H24 sheets, a set of mechanical experiments (170 in total) were performed under both monotonic and non-proportional loading conditions, including monotonic uniaxial tension, notch tension, in-plane uniaxial compression, wide compression (or called biaxial compression), plane strain …

Characterization Of Slm-Manufactured Turbine Blade Microfeatures From Superalloy Powders, Brandon Ealy

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The limits of gas turbine technology are heavily influenced by materials and manufacturing capabilities. Inconel remains the material of choice for most hot gas path (HGP) components in gas turbines, however recent increases in turbine inlet temperature (TIT) are associated with the development of advanced convective cooling methods and ceramic thermal barrier coatings. Increasing cycle efficiency and cycle specific work are the primary drivers for increasing TIT. Lately, incremental performance gains responsible for increasing the allowable TIT have been made mainly through innovations in cooling technology, specifically convective cooling schemes. An emerging manufacturing technology may further facilitate the increase of …

A Multi-Scale Approach To Study Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Mechanical Properties And Crystal Structure Of The Cell's Materials To The Development Of An Interactive And Interconnected Educational Tool, Amjad Aman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Solid Oxide Fuel Cells are energy conversion devices that convert chemical energy of a fuel directly into electrical energy. They are known for being fuel-flexible, have minimal harmful emissions, ideal for combined heat and power applications, highly energy-efficient when combined with gas or steam turbines. The current challenges facing the widespread adoption these fuel cells include cost reduction, long-term testing of fully integrated systems, improving the fuel cell stack and system performance, and studies related to reliability, robustness and durability. The goal of this dissertation is to further the understanding of the mechanical properties and crystal structure of materials used …

Catalytically Enhanced Heterogeneous Combustion Of Methane, Anthony Terracciano

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Heterogeneous combustion is an advanced internal combustion technique, which enables heat recuperation within the flame by utilizing a highly porous ceramic media as a regenerator. Heat released within the gas phase convectively transfers to the solid media. This heat within the solid media then travels towards the inlet, enabling reactant preheating. Such heat redistribution enables stable burning of both ultra-lean fuel/air mixtures, forming a more diffuse flame through the combustion chamber, and results in reduced pollutant formation. To further enhance heterogeneous combustion, the ceramic media can be coated with catalytically active materials, which facilitates surface based chemical reactions that could …