Engineering Commons^™

Recovery Of Cyber Manufacturing Systems From False Data Injection Attacks On Sensors By Reinforcement Learning, Romesh Prasad

Dissertations - ALL

Cyber-manufacturing systems (CMS) represent the future design vision for manufacturing systems, aiming to enhance product quality, and productivity, and reduce downtime. The third industrial revolution was driven by computer systems and automation, while the fourth industrial revolution was inspired by the internet, network, and connectivity. However, this integration also introduces vulnerabilities, particularly through false data injection attacks on sensors. Sensors play a pivotal role in the automation framework of manufacturing systems spanning five levels: process, operational, supervisory, plant, and enterprise. Sensors are instrumental in communicating information from the process level to the enterprise level. It also enables controllers at the …

Switched Kinematic And Force Control For Lower-Limb Motorized Exoskeletons And Functional Electrical Stimulation, Chen-Hao Chang

Dissertations - ALL

Millions of people experience movement deficits from neurological conditions (NCs) that impair their walking ability and leg function. Exercise-based rehabilitation procedures have shown the potential to facilitate neurological reorganization and functional recovery. Lower-limb powered exoskeletons and motorized ergometers have been combined with functional electrical stimulation (FES) to provide repetitive movement, partially reduce the burden of therapists, improve range of motion, and induce therapeutic benefits. FES evokes artificial muscles contractions and can improve muscle mass and strength, and bone density in people with NCs. Stationary cycling is recommended for individuals who cannot perform load-bearing activities or have increased risks of falling. …

Automatic Generation Of Near-Body Structured Grids, Yuyan Hao

Dissertations - ALL

Numerical grid generation has been a bottleneck in the computational fluid dynamics process for a long time when using the structured overset grids. Many current structured overset grid generation schemes like the hyperbolic grid generation method require significant user interaction to generate good computational grids robustly. Other grid generation schemes like the elliptic grid generation method take a significant amount of time for grid calculation, which is not desirable for computational fluid dynamics.

Herein a new grid generation method is presented that combines the hyperbolic grid generation scheme with the elliptic grid generation scheme that uses Poisson’s equation. The new …

Numerical Investigation Of The Effect Of Inlet Turbulence Intensity On A Bluff-Body Stabilized Flame At Near Blow-Off Condition, Amir Ali Montakhab

Dissertations - ALL

This thesis investigates the effect of a boundary condition on the dynamics of a bluff-body stabilized f lame operating near blow-off condition. Special emphasis is given to the effect of inlet turbulence intensity. This work is motivated by the understanding that more stringent regulations on fossil fuels generated emissions necessitate the design of combustion systems that operate at very fuel-lean conditions. Combustion at very lean conditions, however, induces flame instability that can ultimately lead to flame fluttering and eventual extinction. The dynamics of the flame at lean conditions can therefore be very sensitive to its boundary conditions. To better understand …

Exploring Passive Flow Control Techniques Applied To A Supersonic Multistream Rectangular Nozzle, Emma Dawn Gist

Dissertations - ALL

Passive control techniques are applied experimentally to examine different aspects of a supersonic multistream rectangular nozzle representing a modern airframe-integrated variable cycle engine. The flow is comprised of a core stream (M = 1.6) and bypass (M = 1.0) that merge behind a splitter plate and exit through a Single Expansion Ramp Nozzle (SERN) onto an aft-deck. Previous efforts for the nominal nozzle configuration have shown that an instability initiated at the splitter plate trailing edge (SPTE) influences the effectiveness of the third stream as a barrier for the aft-deck and persists through the entire do- main due to its …

Thermal Management Using Liquid-Vapor Phase Change In Nanochannels, Sajag Poudel

Dissertations - ALL

Superior wettability of porous medium marks their potential to be used in the field of thermal management employing phase-change heat transfer. Comprehending the phenomena of wicking and liquid-vapor phase-change in micro/nano structured surfaces are key aspects towards advancing heat transfer solutions. In this work, fundamental understanding of droplet wicking, thin-film evaporation, and their subsequent application of heat-flux removal for cooling technology is first reported. The latter part of the dissertation is related to the disjoining pressure driven flow of nanoscale liquid film and liquid-vapor phase change in nano confinement. First, experimental and numerical investigation of droplet wicking in ∼728 nm …

Analysis Of Multiple Degree-Of-Freedom Oscillatory Aquatic Propulsion, Seth Alan Brooks

Dissertations - ALL

Propulsive performance and flow field data were experimentally measured for a two degree-of-freedom fish platform. The fish platform was designed and constructed based on the yellowfin tuna (\textit{Thunnus albacares}) that is known to be both fast and efficient. This work extends the current understanding of oscillatory aquatic propulsion to a three-dimensional fish platform with full volume flow field data and propulsive performance. A parametric sweep of trailing-edge amplitude of the caudal fin ($A$), heave-to-pitch ratio ($h^*$), and phase offset between the two degrees-of-freedom ($\phi$) was used to explore a parameter space that encompasses and extends beyond the known biological domain. …

Exploiting Building Demand Flexibility Through Machine Learning For Building-To-Grid Integration, Hannah Charlene Fontenot

Dissertations - ALL

Demand flexibility – the ability to adjust a building's load profile across different timescales – is a key aspect of the ongoing effort to increase interconnectivity between buildings and the power grid. By harnessing their demand flexibility, buildings can provide significant benefits to the grid and bolster grid resilience and reliability. To facilitate the transition toward the "smart grid", new and intelligent control approaches are required that can seamlessly integrate building, occupant, and grid data and effectively control multiple building assets to provide grid services while maintaining occupants' required thermal comfort levels and reducing the building's overall energy consumption and …

Flow Interaction Between Turbomachine Blade Row And Flow Resistance Medium, Tong Lin

Dissertations - ALL

This research investigates the fluid-dynamic interaction between close-coupled axial turbomachines and surrounding components, e.g., heat-exchangers, filters, or cooling fins in high-density computer servers, and its effects on turbomachine and system performance. The importance of this research is that the flow interaction effect occurs in every scenario that requires system compactness.

Firstly, a combined experimental and 3-D computational study on an off-the-shelf server cooling fan is performed, showing that the fan performance has little changed. However, the system performance can be very different since the server cooling has a large hub-to-tip radius ratio, which effectively blocks the high resistance media's (HRM) …

Mitigating Insider Threat Risks In Cyber-Physical Manufacturing Systems, Jinwoo Song

Dissertations - ALL

Cyber-Physical Manufacturing System (CPMS)—a next generation manufacturing system—seamlessly integrates digital and physical domains via the internet or computer networks. It will enable drastic improvements in production flexibility, capacity, and cost-efficiency. However, enlarged connectivity and accessibility from the integration can yield unintended security concerns. The major concern arises from cyber-physical attacks, which can cause damages to the physical domain while attacks originate in the digital domain. Especially, such attacks can be performed by insiders easily but in a more critical manner: Insider Threats.

Insiders can be defined as anyone who is or has been affiliated with a system. Insiders have knowledge …

Effects Of Air Pollution, Temperature And Moisture Content On Copper And Silver Corrosions And The Reliability Of Data Center Equipment, Rui Zhang

Dissertations - ALL

The effects of moisture content, temperature, and pollutant mixture on atmospheric corrosion of copper and silver were investigated by exposing test specimens to different environmental conditions, followed by surface characterization using the coulometric reduction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (SEM/EDS). Printed circuit board test cards (PCBs) with bare copper were also used to investigate the effects of voltage bias on the PCBs on the corrosion rate. The test specimens were exposed to mixed flowing gases (MFG) environment with eight different combinations of the following five pollutants at the fixed concentration levels: 60 ppb O3, 80 ppb NO2, 40 …

An Intelligent Virtual Design Studio (Vds) For Integrative Design Of Green Buildings, Zhaozhou Meng

Dissertations - ALL

The overall goal of the study was to develop a "Virtual Design Studio (VDS)": a software platform for integrated, coordinated and optimized design of green building systems with low energy consumption, high indoor environmental quality (IEQ), and high level of sustainability. My dissertation research was focused on the development of a key VDS component -- an integrated design process and a near-real time performance simulation approach for fast feedbacks at the early stage of the integrated design process.

A design process module "Magic Cube" (MC) was developed for the VDS as the core for the design integration and coordination. It …

Effects Of Air Pollution, Temperature And Moisture Content On Copper And Silver Corrosions And The Reliability Of Data Center Equipment, Rui Zhang

Dissertations - ALL

The effects of moisture content, temperature, and pollutant mixture on atmospheric corrosion of copper and silver were investigated by exposing test specimens to different environmental conditions, followed by surface characterization using the coulometric reduction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (SEM/EDS). Printed circuit board test cards (PCBs) with bare copper were also used to investigate the effects of voltage bias on the PCBs on the corrosion rate. The test specimens were exposed to mixed flowing gases (MFG) environment with eight different combinations of the following five pollutants at the fixed concentration levels: 60 ppb O3, 80 ppb NO2, 40 …

An Intelligent Virtual Design Studio (Vds) For Integrative Design Of Green Buildings, Zhaozhou Meng

Dissertations - ALL

The overall goal of the study was to develop a “Virtual Design Studio (VDS)”: a software platform for integrated, coordinated and optimized design of green building systems with low energy consumption, high indoor environmental quality (IEQ), and high level of sustainability. My dissertation research was focused on the development of a key VDS component -- an integrated design process and a near-real time performance simulation approach for fast feedbacks at the early stage of the integrated design process.

A design process module “Magic Cube” (MC) was developed for the VDS as the core for the design integration and coordination. It …

Experimental And Numerical Comparison Of Wort Cooling Methods During The Homebrewing Process, Zachary Hammond

Renée Crown University Honors Thesis Projects - All

Homebrewing, the process of making beer for personal consumption, has been legal in the United States since 1978 and allowed beer enthusiasts to experiment with new beer styles at a low cost. Although the procedure is relatively straightforward, it can be very timeconsuming without expensive equipment. The longest step in brewing is wort cooling, where the non-alcoholic beer, or wort, is cooled from boiling temperatures to near room temperature for fermentation. Improper or slow cooling can not only be monotonous but result in contamination or haze in the final product. Wort chillers, which generally cost anywhere from $50 to $500, …

Design, Analysis, And Verification Of An Open-Wheeled Formula-Style Race Car Suspension System, Joshua Beckerman

Renée Crown University Honors Thesis Projects - All

This honors thesis presents the design, measurement, and analysis of an open-wheeled formula racecar suspension system. This racecar is the second iteration of Syracuse University’s Citrus Racing team student competition vehicle. The race car’s suspension system features several designs that enable geometric adjustability to impact the vehicles dynamic performance. The purpose of this research is to find an analytic approach to verifying the correlation between suspension design tunings and their effect on vehicle handling and road holding capacity. This was done by analyzing measured data obtained from a system of damper-mounted travel sensors as the vehicle drives through numerous realistic …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Tribologically Enhanced Hydrogels, Emily Lindberg

Renée Crown University Honors Thesis Projects - All

Hydrogels are a biomaterial that have potential for a variety of different biomedical applications. However, these hydrogels often have poor friction and wear properties. This document investigates the stability of a proposed method to resolve this limitation. The proposed solution is a blend of a biocompatible polymer, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with different concentrations of the zwitterionic polymer, polymer Poly([2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl] dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl) ammonium hydroxide) p(MEDSAH). Previous analysis has shown that the pMEDSAH acted as a boundary lubricant, resulting in a reduction of the coefficient of friction. The pMEDSAH was successfully synthesized at three different molecular weights and a significantly higher contact …

Investigation Of Boiling Performance Of Graphene-Coated Surfaces, Daniel C. Stack

Renée Crown University Honors Thesis Projects - All

In this Capstone Project, I sought to investigate the boiling performance of graphene-coated surfaces. Boiling was accomplished in a pool boiling chamber, with samples of graphene-coating SiO₂ wafers. I developed a procedure for graphene transfer for sample fabrication. Samples were prepared with graphene grown on copper substrates by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Graphene was transferred from copper substrates to SiO­₂ wafers by a thermal release transfer tape. Copper was etched away from the tape-graphene combination by ferric chloride, and the tape was peeled away after heating, leaving graphene on the SiO₂ substrate. Contact angles were measured to …

Redesigning The Walker: A More Durable & Dignified Device, Gianna M. Curcio

Renée Crown University Honors Thesis Projects - All

Aging and Rehabilitation Engineering is a prominent field with ample room for development of and improvement upon existing options. Surveying city sidewalks, family gatherings, hospital waiting rooms it becomes apparent that the need for mobility aids is abundant. My proposal for Capstone is to redesign the walker from both my mechanical engineering and sculptural perspectives. A walker is meant to improve the quality of life for those who are unable to walk unassisted, but should not come at the cost of the user’s dignity. The way we carry ourselves says a lot about us (i.e. character, will, and level of …

Experimental Investigation Of The Active Flow Control On A Two-Dimensional Wind Turbine Airfoil, Guannan Wang

Dissertations - ALL

Wind turbine blades experience unsteady aerodynamic loading under various off-design conditions. The fatigue loading reduces the operational time of the wind turbine hence leads to an increase in the Cost of Energy (CoE) of the wind power. In this study, active flow control with unsteady blowing actuators was applied to a two-dimensional wind turbine airfoil to alleviate the unsteady aerodynamic loading and improve the aerodynamic performance, particularly under large scale freestream disturbances. A low speed, open jet aeroacoustic wind tunnel was designed and constructed based on an existing anechoic chamber for this investigation. A theoretical analysis based on a Blade …

Experimental And Analytical Investigation Of The Transient Thermal Response Of Air Cooled Data Centers, Hamza Salih Erden

Dissertations - ALL

This work investigates the transient response of the thermal environment in air cooled data centers through experiments, analytical and computational tools. The key thermal characteristics of the various data center components were extracted from a set of experiments. This includes the development of practical experimental procedures for the thermal characterization of servers solely based on air temperature measurements and the transient response of the computer room air handlers. The knowledge of thermal characteristics paves the way for the physics-based lumped-capacitance models. A CFD-based transient simulation of the air temperature field, in which the transient thermal response of the servers was …

Building Envelope Wind Pressure Manipulation For Application In Streamlined High-Rise Buildings, Sivaramprasad Sivakumar

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering - Dissertations

This research investigates methods of manipulating building envelope wind pressure distribution for application in the natural ventilation of high-rise buildings. CFD simulations are employed to predict the wind pressure distribution around the building envelope. First, a 2-D CFD study is conducted to explore various techniques of manipulating the building envelope wind pressure distribution. This study indicates that the use of externally mounted flow-resistance devices is an effective method of manipulating the wind pressure distribution. It is demonstrated that this technique is well suited for application to buildings of streamlined cross-section (e.g. elliptical planform). Next, a 3-D CFD study is conducted …

Enriching Step-Based Product Information Models To Support Product Life-Cycle Activities, Mehmet Ilteris Sarigecili

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering - Dissertations

The representation and management of product information in its life-cycle requires standardized data exchange protocols. Standard for Exchange of Product Model Data (STEP) is such a standard that has been used widely by the industries. Even though STEP-based product models are well defined and syntactically correct, populating product data according to these models is not easy because they are too big and disorganized. Data exchange specifications (DEXs) and templates provide re-organized information models required in data exchange of specific activities for various businesses. DEXs show us it would be possible to organize STEP-based product models in order to support different …

Champs-Multizone And Virtual Building For Integrated Building Systems Design And Performance Evaluation, Wei Feng

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering - Dissertations

The ultimate goal of this research was to develop an integrated framework that facilitates performance-based multi-stage design of buildings and comparison between the performance predicted at the design stage and that monitored at operation stage. Such an integrated framework would not only enable design optimization, but also enable confirmation of design intent or diagnosis of performance deficiency, and thus provide feedbacks for future building design. This dissertation study represents the first step toward this ultimate goal, and had the following specific objectives:: 1) developing a combined heat, air, moisture and pollutant transport model for whole building performance simulation; 2) developing …

Shape Memory Assisted Self Healing (Smash) Polymeric And Composite Systems, Erika D. Rodriguez

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering - Dissertations

My research aims to develop a novel approach that uses the shape memory (SM) effect to aid self healing (SH) polymeric systems that are able to simultaneously close and re-bond cracks with a single thermal stimulus. This new concept is termed shape memory assisted self healing (SMASH). Additionally, a new type of shape memory termed reversible plasticity shape memory (RPSM) was also developed where both the elastic and plastic deformation found after deformation completely recover upon a thermal stimulation. I aim to utilize a broad range of polymeric and composite systems that include a single phase semi-crystalline system, a single …

Development Of A Novel Statistical Method And Procedure For Material Characterization And A Probabilistic Approach To Assessing The Hygrothermal Performance Of Building Enclosure Assemblies, Jianhua Zhao

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering - Dissertations

In this research, a systematic approach was introduced to establish a high quality and comprehensive material database. The method was applied to a great number of materials in different material categories. The database provides a solid base for hygrothermal simulation and further research.

A method was developed to derive the generic material from the material cluster comprising specific materials with similar characteristics. A novel approach was developed by using the generic material to extrapolate less incomplete material data set to full data set that is suitable for the hygrothermal simulation. The approach extends the material database, and hence enhances the …

Effects Of Surface Roughness On The Indoor Particle Deposition Rate Constant, Shaojie Wang

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering - Dissertations

The purpose of this work was to quantify the deposition rate constants of size-classified particles on typical indoor surface materials as affected by the degree of surface roughness. The experiments were conducted in a small-scale acrylic chamber. The particle size range was from 0.723 to 5.048 £gm with 28 size bins. The air change rates were 6, 11 and 13 h-1. The TSI large particle aerosol generator 8108 was used to generate potassium chloride as test particles, and the TSI aerodynamic particle sizer (APS3321) was used to measure the particle number concentrations. Particle deposition rate constants were determined by regression …

Modeling And Managing Engineering Changes In A Complex Product Development Process, Weilin Li

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering - Dissertations

Today's hyper-competitive worldwide market, turbulent environment, demanding customers, and diverse technological advancements force any corporations who develop new products to look into all the possible areas of improvement in the entire product lifecycle management process. One of the areas that both scholars and practitioners have overlooked in the past is Engineering Change Management (ECM).

The vision behind this dissertation is to ultimately bridge this gap by identifying main characteristics of a New Product Development (NPD) process that are potentially associated with the occurrence and magnitude of iterations and Engineering Changes (ECs), developing means to quantify these characteristics as well as …

Functional And Behavioral Product Information Representation And Consistency Validation For Collaboration In Product Lifecycle Activities, Mehmet Murat Baysal

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering - Dissertations

Information models that represent the function, assembly and behavior of artifacts are critical in the conceptual development of a product and its evaluation. Much research has been conducted in this area; however, existing models do not relate function, behavior and structure in a comprehensive and consistent way. In this work, NIST's Core Product Model (CPM) and the Open Assembly Model (OAM) are extended to integrate product information including function and behavior, with an emphasis on assembly, throughout all phases of product development. For function and flow classification, the NIST functional taxonomy is used to maintain consistency with the literature.

The …

Thermally Aware, Energy-Based Techniques For Improving Data Center Energy Efficiency, Dustin W. Demetriou

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering - Dissertations

This work investigates the practical implementation of so-called thermally aware, energy optimized load placement in air-cooled, raised floor data centers to reduce the overall energy consumption, while maintaining the reliability of the IT equipment. The work takes a systematic approach to modeling the data center's airflow, thermodynamic and heat transfer characteristics - beginning with simplified, physics-inspired models and eventually developing a high-fidelity, experimentally validated thermo-hydraulic model of the data center's cooling and power infrastructure. The simplified analysis was able to highlight the importance of considering the trade-off between low air supply temperature and increased airflow rate, as well as the …