Engineering Commons^™

Transmission Measurements Through Liquids In A White Cell, David Earl Hurley

Masters Theses

"The suitability of using the White cell for determining the extinction coefficient of liquids was examined by measuring the attenuation of electromagnetic radiation, in the visible part of the spectrum, through distilled water. The analysis of the transmittance measurements through liquids in a White cell does not provide a sufficient number of independent equations to solve directly for the extinction coefficient. Reasonable estimates however can be made by employing a correction which accounts for changes in the mirror reflectance due to a liquid-mirror interface.

The reduction in the transmittance of distilled water due to an oil film was studied for …

An Investigation Of Combined Thermal Weakening And Mechanical Disintegration Of Hard Rock, George Bromley Clark, T. F. Lehnhoff, Vernon Dale Allen, Mahendrakumar Ramkrishna Patel

Mining Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

"The research under modified Contract No. H0220068 has been devoted to experimental thermal-mechanical fragmentation of Missouri red granite in place, and to supporting theoretical analyses. The results of the previous year's experimental work showed that thermal stresses are several times more effective in fragmenting hard rock when they are created within the rock rather than upon the surface. Also, large blocks {4-foot cubes) are not adequate to simulate the response of in situ rock.

Based upon laboratory tests an experimental round was designed analogous to an explosive blasting round with coiled wire heating elements placed in drill holes. Three displacement …

Engineering And Scientific Manpower- A Scarce Resource For The 1970'S, Merl Baker

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Nonequilibrium Structure Of Argon Shock Waves, Harlan F. Nelson

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This theoretical study investigates the influence of (1) the nonequilibrium excited state population in the relaxation region and (2) line radiation in the precursor on shock wave structure by considering strong shock waves propagating at Mach 18 and 24 into a theoretical argon-like gas at a pressure of 1 cm Hg and a temperature of 300°K. The argon atom is modeled as having two bound states plus a continuum, and the calculations include finite atom-atom and electron-atom collisional ionization and excitation rates as well as continuum and line radiation. The electron gas is allowed to be at a different temperature …

Analysis Of Interferometric Holography In Temperature Measurement, Allan James Reifel

Masters Theses

"An experimental investigation was conducted to evaluate the accuracy and sensitivity of a laser holographic interferometer. Interference fringe patterns of a free convection boundary layer on the surface of a vertical test plate were produced. The plate was heated and designed to produce a linear temperature distribution along its surface.

A thermocouple probe was used to map the temperatures in the boundary layer and these values were compared to temperatures obtained from fringe patterns. Data photographs of the holograms were used in the analysis. The number of fringes obtained were compared to predictions of the Gladstone-Dale Law.

High quality fringe …

On The Complex Index Of Refraction Of Bulk Materials, Carol Jeanne Warren

Masters Theses

"As a part of the investigation of classical reflectance, it is determined that the hemispherical reflectance for a material with a particular pair of optical constants can be approximated by computing the angular reflectance at sixty degrees, using Fresnel's generalized reflectance formulas.

Reflection methods for the purpose of determining the optical constants of a variety of materials are discussed. The unpolarized reflectance versus angle of incidence technique is used for determination of the optical constants of bulk solids. Restrictions on the simultaneous solution of the Fresnel equations are determined and a computer program is developed to compute values necessary to …

An Experimental Analysis Of Oil Spill Drift Caused By Water Waves, Jan Michael Pottinger

Masters Theses

"A study was conducted to determine the effect of waves on oil spill drift. The investigation was performed in a long narrow tank equipped with a mechanical wave generator at one end and a beach to suppress wave reflection at the other end. It was found that a special procedure for taking data was necessary in order to assure that the data was consistent and that the waves were indeed deep water waves, and therefore similar to open ocean conditions.

The data indicated that waves do influence oil spill movement, and the velocity of the oil was found to be …

A Digital Simulation Of A Single Articulated Rotor Helicopter, Joseph William Klahs Jr.

Masters Theses

"The investigation was concerned with the development of a complete digital computer simulation of a single articulated rotor helicopter. The simulation program was executed on an IBM model 360-50 digital computer.

The main rotor was analyzed by the consideration of a continuous rigid blade at six azimuth stations, while the airframe aerodynamics were treated in the conventional manner. The differential equations of motion of the airframe were solved in a step-wise fashion by approximating time dependent functions with cubic interpolation polynomials.

The study concluded that there was strong evidence that suggested the possibility of treating main rotor flapping as a …

An Experiment To Determine The Coupled Unidirectional Effect Of Wind And Waves On Surface Drift, Rameshchandra C. Shah

Masters Theses

"An experiment was conducted to study the coupled parallel and unidirectional effect of wind and waves on surface drift velocity of oil lenses and flexible plastic floats. The experiment was also conducted to study the effect of float width, wave length and air turbulence on the drift velocity of the surface floats. Experiments were also conducted to determine the air flow characteristics of the wind tunnel test section.

Experimental results are presented for a free stream wind velocity from zero to 700 cm/sec; the wave steepness ranged from zero to 0. 069, which is near the maximum steepness for stable …

Nucleate Pool Boiling Of Refrigerant-Oil Mixtures From Tubes, R. L. Dougherty

Masters Theses

"This experimental investigation was conducted to provide design heat transfer data for applications involving the nucleate pool boiling of Refrigerants 11 and 113 from the external surfaces of tubes. Tests were conducted with 0.625-in. o.d. and 1.125-in. o.d. commercial copper tubing; at 1 and 2 atmospheres pressure; and with refrigerant-oil compositions from 0 to 10 percent oil by weight. Results show that each of these parameters can affect the heat transfer coefficient"--Abstract, page ii.

Transient State Analysis Of Separated Flow Around A Sphere, Ching-Liang Lin

Doctoral Dissertations

"Transient state solution of the Navier Stokes equation was obtained for incompressible flow around a sphere accelerating from zero initial velocity to its terminal free falling velocity. By assuming rotational symmetry around the axis in the falling direction, the Navier Stokes equation and the continuity equation were simplified in terms of vorticity and stream function. The instantaneous acceleration of the falling sphere was calculated by considering the difference between the gravitational force and the drag force in a transient state. The governing partial differential equations were non-dimensionalized. A set of implicit finite difference equations was developed. In order to obtain …

Rock Fragmentation By Subsurface Thermal Inclusions - A Finite Element Study, Mahendrakumar Ramkrishna Patel

Doctoral Dissertations

"Although rock tunneling machines are being used extensively with performance and cost advantages over traditional drill and blast methods, their usefulness for hard rock excavation is far from being practical due mainly to the inability of present day mechanical cutters to penetrate these rocks economically. Among various novel techniques that are being investigated, internal heating methods seem to be the most promising. This investigation is concerned with a feasibility study of thermal rock fragmentation using heat to create in-depth thermal inclusions.

The three-dimensional problem of in situ rock fragmentation involves parallel rows of equidistant holes drilled to a constant depth. …

The Effects Of High Pressure And Temperature Environments On The Properties Of 6061-T651 Aluminum, Patrick George Davidson

Doctoral Dissertations

"During this experimental testing program the effects of the simultaneous application of high pressure and temperature environments on the mechanical properties of 6061-T651 aluminum were analyzed. From the data obtained at the yield and ultimate points a yield and ultimate model was developed based upon the parameters effective stress, effective strain, and the hydrostatic component of stress. This model was obtained solely from the data acquired from uniaxial tensile specimen tested at various pressures and temperatures. Two other loading paths--biaxial tension and torsion--were then used to verify the accuracy of the model. From the testing program, data were also obtained …

Approximate Normal Mode Method To Determine The Response Of Certain Nondiagonalizabel Vibratory Systems, Jayaram Seshadri

Masters Theses

"An approximate normal mode method is developed which permits certain normally nondiagonalizable, nonconservative systems to be solved by superposition of uncoupled coordinates.

An approximate solution for a nonproportionally damped, multi-degree of freedom system is obtained by using a perturbation technique. The system is then reduced to a proportionally damped system by means of a modification to the damping factor so that the effect of the off-diagonal terms of the modal damping matrix is included. This modification produces a damping matrix that can be diagonalized by the normal mode technique. An approximate criterion is used for the determination of the modified …

Thermal Radiative Properties Of A Semi-Infinite Absorbing-Emitting And Isotropically Scattering Medium, Tung-Ting Lam

Masters Theses

"The development and the approximate solution to the transport equation for a semi-infinite, absorbing, and isotropically scattering medium with a refractive index other than unity is presented. The general boundary condition of diffuse and collimated incidence at the interface with emission from the medium was considered by superimposing the individual effects. In each case the apparent properties, directional and hemispherical emittance, reflectance and transmittance, were evaluated as a function of the scattering albedo and the refractive index.

An exponential kernel substitution was developed and used to obtain the approximate solution. The method was evaluated by a comparison with existing but …

Experimental Analysis Of V-Belt Tensile Loads, John Mark Wiesehan

Masters Theses

"An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the magnitude of v-belt stresses in automotive drive situations. A constant tension belt test apparatus was designed and fabricated using a variable speed cradled D.C. motor for power and two automotive alternators for absorption.

Free span stresses on the dynamic torque loaded belt drive were determined from the equations governing a pivoted drive system. Centrifugal stress was determined by a theoretical analysis of belt motion. Bending stresses were obtained from a static test employing strain gages mounted on the top of belts with exposed cord layers. The variation in load stress around the …

Interior Noise In Military Helicopters, Charles E. Perez Jr.

Masters Theses

"The Temporary Threshold Shift (TTS) or temporary hearing loss caused by excessive interior noise in military helicopters results in a critical degradation of the acoustically unprotected infantryman's ability to detect the existence or the approach of the enemy by hearing under combat conditions. The overall problem of noise reduction in helicopters consists of: (1) identifying the various noise sources, and (2) employing appropriate noise control techniques. Identification of the source is accomplished by the frequency correlation of 1/10-octave band analysis of the interior sound levels measured within the helicopter cabin with near-field sound generated by the sound sources. Reduction of …

Design Of A High Pressure Fluid Intensifier, James Andrew Kwiatkowski

Masters Theses

"In this thesis the design of the major components of a high pressure intensifier is presented. The machine is a high pressure fluid intensifier which can develop an intermittent water jet of .01112 inches in diameter at a pressure of 100,000 psi and a flow rate of .9508 gpm. This machine can be used to study the capabilities of high pressure water jets to cut high compressive strength rocks.

The primary machine elements of the intensifier system are the source, charging system, valve system, nozzle, and the intensifier. The source will be a Kobe Triplex Pump having a variable output …

Breakdown Of The Laminar Flow Regime In Permeable-Walled Ducts, E. M. Sparrow, G. S. Beavers, T. S. Chen, J. R. Lloyd

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The stability of laminar flow in a parallel-plate channel having one permeable bounding wall is investigated by means of linear theory. The analysis lakes account of the coupling of the disturbance, fields in the channel and in the permeable material and of velocity slip at the surface of the permeable wall. Complementary experiments are performed in which the breakdown of the laminar regime in flat rectangular ducts is identified from pressure-drop measurements and from flow visualization studies. The experiments cover the range of slip velocities from 15-30 percent of the mean velocity and, in addition, the case of zero slip …

Decision-Directed Detector For Overlapping Pcm/Nrz Signals, Cheng Wang, Thomas L. Noack

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A decision-directed (DD) technique for the detection of overlapping PCM/NRZ signals in the presence of white Gaussian noise is investigated. The performance of the DD detector is represented by probability of error PE versus input signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). To examine how much improvement in performance can be achieved with this technique, PE's with and without DD feedback are evaluated in parallel. Further, analytical results are compared with those found by Monte Carlo simulations. The results are shown in good agreement. © 1973, IEEE. All rights reserved.

Linear Stability Of Non-Parallel Flow In The Entrance Region Of Ducts, Francis Chung-Ti Shen

Doctoral Dissertations

"An investigation is made of the linear stability of the developing flow of an incompressible fluid in the entrance region of annular ducts, circular tubes, and parallel-plate channels. Small axisymmetric disturbances for annular duct and tube flows and small two-dimensional disturbances for channel flow are considered in the analysis. In formulating the stability problems, account is taken of the transverse velocity component of the mainflow. This results in the modified Orr-Sommerfeld equations, one for annular duct and tube flows and the other for channel flow. The mainflow velocity fields utilized in the stability analysis are those from the solutions of …

A Study Of The Dynamic Loading Of Hydrodynamically Lubricated Journal Bearings, Nader Khorzad

Doctoral Dissertations

"The analytical and experimental investigation presented here examined the response of a full journal bearing to a unidirectional dynamic load. Frequency response of the bearing at different eccentricity ratios was investigated. It was concluded that the response of the bearing varies with eccentricity. The experimental data obtained was compared to an analytical model which considered inertial, damping, and elastic characteristics of the lubricant film. An investigation of film pressure revealed that the pressure due to journal center acceleration is smaller than the hydrodynamic and squeeze-film pressures"--Abstract, page 1.

Numerical Simulation Of Heat, Mass, And Momentum Transfer In An Atmospheric Boundary Layer, Darrell W. Pepper

Doctoral Dissertations

"Considerable interest has developed in recent years to understand transport phenomena in thermally stratified boundary layers. More complete knowledge in this field is needed to improve the prediction of the diffusion of air pollutants in the lower atmosphere as well as in forecasting air-water circulation for weather conditions.

The atmospheric boundary layer is modeled using the equations of continuity, momentum, energy, and concentration. Closure of this set of partial differential equations is hindered by the turbulence terms. Using turbulence kinetic energy, the system of equations is closed by internally determining the exchange coefficients of heat, mass, and momentum along with …

Hydrostatic Extrusion Of Waste Glass And Plastic, Subhash Govind Kelkar

Doctoral Dissertations

"Waste glass and waste plastic combine to form a major portion of nonbiodegradable, solid waste. These waste products aggravate the already too serious problem of environmental pollution. Hence, a means is sought of utilizing this waste in the construction industry, thus solving two problems simultaneously - that of beautifying the environment, and of procuring inexpensive building materials.

Extrusion is not an uncommon process as far as the manufacture of original products is concerned. Hydrostatic extrusion is a modification of the process wherein a billet or slug of some material is forced to flow through a die under the influence of …

Stability Of The Developing Laminar Flow In A Circular Tube, Lung-Mau Huang

Doctoral Dissertations

"An investigation is made of the linear stability of the developing laminar flow of an incompressible fluid in the entrance region of a circular tube. Both axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric small disturbances are considered in the analysis. The stability characteristics of the fully developed flow are also re-examined. The main flow velocity distribution used in the stability analysis is that from the solution of the linearized momentum equation. The governing equations for the disturbances and the boundary conditions constitute an eigenvalue problem which is solved by a direct numerical integration scheme along with an iteration technique. The solution starts with a …

Methods For Predicting The Influence Of Intense Sound, Steady Flow, And Elevated Temperature On The Acoustic Performance Of Automotive Exhaust System Components, Richard Chuka Oboka

Doctoral Dissertations

"The principal objective of this investigation was to study the feasibility of developing laboratory techniques for automobile-exhaust muffler design in order to reduce the amount of on-vehicle trial-and-error testing currently required. The investigation included (1) improving the capability of existing laboratory equipment to simulate the conditions in automobile exhaust (i.e., high-amplitude pressure waves, steady flow, and elevated temperature), and (2) theoretical and experimental studies of typical acoustic elements (side-branch resonators, expansion chambers, louvered tubes) used in muffler design. The sound fields used for these studies included pure tones, single pulses (tone bursts), random noise, and simulated automobile exhaust noise.

Empirical …