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The Influence Of Titanium And Cerium On Microstructure And Properties Of Fe-C-Cr-Nb Alloys, Zeljko J. Kamberovic
The Influence Of Titanium And Cerium On Microstructure And Properties Of Fe-C-Cr-Nb Alloys, Zeljko J. Kamberovic
Zeljko J Kamberovic
In this paper, the influence of titanium and cerium on the microstructure and properties of Fe- C-Cr-Nb alloys are examined, in both as-cast and heat treated state. These elements affect the crystallisation process of Fe-C-Cr-Nb alloys and the transformation of austenite during the cooling process after solidification. Titanium changed the morphology of NbC carbides. Further, in the austenite of the examined Fe-C-Cr-Nb-Ti alloys, very fine particles of precipitated secondary carbide can be seen. The alloy containing 0,28%Ti and 0,19%Ce has martensite-perlite-austenitic matrix microstructure in as-cast condition. Adding titanium and cerium to Fe-C-Cr-Nb alloys will also changed its properties, since the …
Efficiency In Steel Melting: Ladle Development, Kent D. Peaslee, Semen Naumovich Lekakh, Todd P. Sander, Jeffrey D. Smith
Efficiency In Steel Melting: Ladle Development, Kent D. Peaslee, Semen Naumovich Lekakh, Todd P. Sander, Jeffrey D. Smith
Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Effective ladle design and use is important for steel casting production. In foundry operations, the ladle temperature of the liquid steel is typically 150 to 250°F above the steel's melting point to compensate for the heat losses in small ladles and the associated high cooling rates from the large surface area to volume ratios. Higher superheat is also necessary to provide sufficient steel fluidity to properly fill the mold cavity. In spite of the relatively short time that the steel is in contact with the ladle lining, the huge thermal gradients in the lining drive high values of heat flow …
Efficiency In Steel Melting: Opportunities And Progress, Kent D. Peaslee, Semen Naumovich Lekakh, Von Richards, Jay Triplett
Efficiency In Steel Melting: Opportunities And Progress, Kent D. Peaslee, Semen Naumovich Lekakh, Von Richards, Jay Triplett
Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
This paper summarizes the findings from a study of melting efficiency in steel foundries and provides examples of material and energy savings from improvements in technology and melting practices. This study is based on information gathered at 19 Steel Founders Society of America member foundries and includes a combination of historical data and industrial measurements by the research team. Information and data were collected on the type of melting equipment, melting practices, energy use and ladle practices. The data was statistically analyzed using STATGRAPHICS commercial software. A multiple regression analysis allowed evaluation of the influence of the melting furnace (type, …